Sistemas de Generaci on de Energ a

Tarea 2: Control autom atico de la generaci on y Despacho econ omico Fecha de entrega: Octubre 12
Suppose that you are given a single area with three generating units (see Table 1). The units are initially loaded as follows: P1 = 50 M W , P2 = 300 M W and P3 = 400 M W . What is the new generation on each unit and the new frequency for a 50 M W load increase?. Be careful to convert all quantities to a common base when solving. Table 1: Parameters Unit Rating MVA 1 100 2 500 3 500 of the System Speed Drop % 1.0 1.5 1.5

Assume that the fuel inputs in MBtu per hour for two units, which are both on-line, are given by:
2 H1 = 8 P1 + 0.0024 P1 + 80 2 H2 = 6 P2 + 0.0400 P2 + 120

(1) (2)

where Hn is the fuel input to unit n in MBtu per hour and Pn is the unit output in megawatts. Plot the input-output characteristics for each unit expressing input in MBtu per hour and output in megawatts. Assume that the minimum loading of each unit is 20 M W and that the maximum loading is 100 M W Assume that the cost of fuel is 1.5$/M Btu. Calculate the incremental production cost in $/M W h of each unit, and plot against output in megawatts. Assume the system load varies from 50 to 200 M W . Plot the outputs of units 1 and 2 as a function of total system load when scheduling generation by optimal operation Assume a daily load cycle as follows. Also, assume that a cost of 180$ is incurred in taking either unit o-line and returning it to service after 12 h. Consider the 24 h period from 6h one morning to 6h the next morning. Would it be more economical to keep both units in service for this 24h period or to remove one of the units from service for the 12h period from 18 h one evening to 6 h the next morning? 1

Table 2: Daily load Time Band (h) Load (MW) 0-6 50 6 - 18 150 18 - 24 50

What is the economic schedule for the period of time from 6 h to 18 h? What is the economic schedule for the period of time from 18 h to 6 h? Recently, there has been concern that optimum economic dispatch was not the best environmentally. The principles of economic dispatch can fairly easily be extended to handle this problem. The following is a problem based on a real situation that occurred in the mid-western United States in 1973. Other cases have arisen with N Ox emission in Los Angeles. Two steam units have input-output curves as follows.
2 H1 = 400 + 5 P1 + 0.010 P1 , 20 P1 200 2 H2 = 600 + 4 P2 + 0.015 P2 , 20 P2 200

(3) (4)

The units each burn coal with a heat content of 11500 BT u/lb that costs 13.5$/T on (2000lb). The combustion process in each unit results in 11.75% of the coal by weight going up the stack as y ash. schedule each unit for optimum economy to serve a total load of 250 M W with both units on-line. Unit 1 has a precipitator installed that removes 85% of the y ash; unit 2s precipitator is 89% ecient. Reschedule the two units for the minimum total y ash emission rate with both on-line to serve a 250 M W load.