COOLING LOAD CALCULATION

PRINCIPLES II.

EN STANDARDS
- Sensible load calculation of a space (MSZ EN 15255)

- Latent load calculation of a space (MSZ EN 15243)

Sensible load calculation of a space (MSZ EN 15255)

The heat flow due to the solar radiation absorbed and the vault sky losses by the light components (opaque and transparent; thickness 120 mm) :
l w

sl = [ A ( S f I sr + qer U / he )]k + [ A ( S f 2 lsr + qer U / he )] j

k =1 j =1

where:
A -

Area of surfaces [m2], Solar factor of each opaque components [-], The window secondary solar factor; [-], Intensity of the solar radiation reaching the surfaces [W/m2], Heat load (convection part) [W/m2], Thermal transmittance under steady state conditions [W/m2K], - surface heat transfer coefficient [W/m2K].

Sf Sf2 I sr -

qer U

he

Sensible load calculation of a space (MSZ EN 15255)

The heat flow due to the solar radiation absorbed and the vault sky losses by the opaque heavy component ( thickness >120 mm) is given by:

sh = [ A ( S f I sr + q er U / he )] y
y =1

The solar radiation reaching the surface of the building envelope components is given by:

I sr = f s I D + I d + I r
where
fs ID Id -

the sunlit factor due to external obstructions, derived from EN ISO 13791; the direct component of the solar radiation reaching the surface; the diffuse component of the solar radiation reaching the surface; the reflected component of the solar radiation reaching the surface.

Ir -

Sensible load calculation of a space (MSZ EN 15255)

Example to the instantaneous total solar radiation on the exposure of the wall (W/m2):

Hour 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00

Vertical west wall W/ m2 0 22 55 80 101 117 128 135 150 366 558 703 778 756 604 271 0

Latent load calculation of a space (MSZ EN 15243)

For the cooling coil condensation, a simple model is used. It assumes that one part of the air passing through the coil is not treated, and that the other part leaves at the dew point characteristics of the cooling coil temperature. This latter air flow is called here recirculated air flow. The caculation of recirculated air flow requirements depend on the type of the water control.

Latent load calculation of a space (MSZ EN 15243)

Recirculated air flow
Control 1. Nonvariable water flow: In this case the cooled coil temperature is equal to the water inlet + 2K. The required recirculated air flow depends on the sensible cooling need and the cooling coil temperature.

q m, recirc = where:

Qsens c pa (26 sat )

q m ,recirc Qsens

required recircuated air mass flow rate [kg/s], sensible cooling need [W], mass heat of dry air [J/kg K], cooled coil temperature [C].

c pa

sat -

Control 2. Variable water flow:

q m ,recirc = A f 15 ai where:

ai
Af

- internal air density [kg/m3], - floor area [m2]

Latent load calculation of a space (MSZ EN 15243)

On a given hour, 2 situations can occur: 1. At the start of the hour, the indoor humidity is higher than the saturation humidity for the cooling coil. The condensation will occur, either during the whole hour either during one part of it. 2. At the beginning of the hour, the indoor humidity is lower than the saturation humidity for the cooling coil. The cooling coil will be dry at the beginning, but condensation can occur before the end of the hour.

Latent load calculation of a space (MSZ EN 15243)

For a duration of t, indoor air humidity (at the end):

xi , fin = xi , start + A (1 e Bt ) [kg/s]

A and B are calculated as follows: If the cooling coil is wet:
Awet = ( xentr q m + a i + q m ,recirc x sat ) /( q m + q m ,recirc ) x start Bwet = (q m + q m ,recirc ) /(V ai )

If the cooling coil is dry:

Adry = ( xentr q m + a i ) / q m x start

Bdry = q m /(V ai )
xi xentr qm xstart ai ai xsat
indoor humidity kg/kg dry air, entering air humidity kg/kg dry air, entering air flow kg/s, indoor humidity at the beginning kg/kg, internal humidity gains kg/s, density of indoor air kg/m3, saturated humidity at the cooling coil temperature kg/kg.

Latent load calculation of a space (MSZ EN 15243)

Latent energy demand:

Qlat = 25001000 q m ,recirc ( xi ,moy x sat ) [W]

xi,moy is proportional with xi,fin according to the fact that the cooling coil is wet or dry at the end of the hour.

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Hungarian Standard for calculation of cooling load (MSZ-04.140/4)

Calculation of outdoor heat load:
Components of outdoor heat load:

& =Q & + Q [W] Q e F

where:
& Q F
& Q

- solar heat load through exterior building structures (wall, roof) into the space, - solar heat load through windows into the space.

Solar heat load through exterior building structures (wall, roof):

& = A k t Q F F ekv

[W]

where:

AF

surface of wall or roof [m2]

W thermal transmittance of the wall or roof 2 m K

k
t ekv

equivalent thermal difference [ K ]

The equivalent thermal difference depends on the following parameters: laying of the exterior structures (walls, roof), quality of exterior surfaces (absortion and emission features of building envelope), thermal parameters of exterior surfaces (thermal transmittance), inside temperature.

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Hungarian Standard for calculation of cooling load (MSZ-04.140/4)

Solar heat load through windows:

& = A [ N N I Z + k (t t )] Q SRG e i
ahol A N N I SRG
Z

[W]

- surface of windows [m 2 ] - galzing factor (similar to SHGC coefficient determine the size of direct solar heat load that goes into the space) [-] - shading factor [-] - Intensity of solar radiant gain [W / m 2 ] - reduction factor [-] (takes into account the heating capacity of building envelope )
W - thermal transmittance of the window 2 m K

k te ti

- outdoor air temperature - indoor air temperature

[C ] [C ]

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Thank you for your attention !

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