INTRODUCTION OF PUMP A.

Introduction required lifting liquid from low level to high level to flow liquid from low pressure area to high pressure area also as a debit booster in a piping network system converts mechanic energy of motor into fluid flow energy used in process that requires a high hydraulic pressure B. Classification of Pump Pump can be classified into two categories: 1. Positive displacement pump 2. Dynamic pump B.1. Positive displacement pump energy is periodically added by application of force to one or more movable boundaries of any desired number of enclosed, fluidcontaining volumes, resulting in direct increase in pressure up to the value required to moves the fluid through vales or ports into the discharge line. Positive displacement pump divided into three: a. Reciprocating pump b. Rotary pump c. Diaphragm pump B.1.1. Reciprocating pump mechanic energy of pump drive is converted into fluid flow energy which is transferred by using an element that moves reciprocating in a cylinder Fluid enters through suction valve and leaves through discharge valve with high pressure delivery liquid in limited volume with output debit depends on rotation and the stroke of the piston liquid volume which is transferred during one piston stroke will be equal to multiplication of piston area and piston stroke.

B.1.2. Rotary pump transfers energy from drive to liquid by using an element that moves rotate in casing fluid is sucked from reservoir through suction side and then pushed away through closed casing to discharge side at high pressure pressure that will leave the pump depends on the pressure and the resistance of flow system, whereas output debit depends on rotation speed of rotary element, the rotary element is usually called rotor.

B.1.3 Diaphragm pump transfers energy from drive to liquid through drive rod that moves reciprocating to move diaphragm, so then suction and discharge appear by rotation between suction valve and discharge valve

B.2. Dynamic pump consist of one or more impeller which is completed by blades, which is installed on moving shafts and receive energy from pump motor and it is covered by a casing energize fluid enters impeller axially, and then fluid leaves impeller with relative high speed and collected in volute or diffuser, after fluid collected in volute or diffuser, the conversion of velocity head to pressure head occur, which is followed by velocity decreasing can be divided into some types: a. Centrifugal pump According to flow direction n the impeller, centrifugal pump divided into: - Radial flow - Axial flow - Mixed flow b. Special effect pump - Jet pump - Gas lift pump - Hydraulic ram B.2.1. Centrifugal pump moved by motor and the power of the motor is given to pump shaft to rotate impeller which is installed on the shaft resulting in impeller rotation that cause centrifugal force, so liquid will

flow from the center of the impeller and exit through line between blades and leaves impeller with high velocity total head of the liquid difference between discharge flange and suction flange is called pump total head, so then it can be said that centrifugal pump has function to convert motor mechanic energy into fluid flow energy advantage of the centrifugal pump compared with other type pump: a. At the same head and capacity, centrifugal pump usage is the cheapest. b. Has the cheapest operational. c. Has smooth and uniform flow. d. Reliable in operation. e. Has low maintenance cost. can be classified into some types: a. According to capacity: - Low capacity (<> 60 m3/hour) b. According to output pressure: - Low pressure (<> 50 kg/cm2) c. According to specific speed: - Low speed - Medium speed - High speed - Mixed flow pump - Axial flow pump d. According to the number of the impeller with the stage: - Single stage pump - Multi stage pump e. According to suction side of impeller: - Single suction - Double suction f. According to casing design: - Volute - Diffuser g. According to shaft position: - Horizontal shaft pump - Vertical shaft pump h. According to drive system:

- Direct coupled to drive unit - Through some various types of transmission