GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA The Great Pyramid of Giza was built by the Egyptian pharaoh Khufu of the Fourth

Dynasty about 2560 B.C. the Great pyramid was originally 481 feet high but lost 30 feet of its top and remained the tallest structure on Earth until the nineteenth century. Each side is exactly oriented north, south, east, and west, and exactly square each side being 751 feet long, the sides exactly 51 degrees and 51 minutes. It was covered with smooth stones and made of about 2 million blocks of stone, each weighing over two tons. The Great Pyramid of Giza location is At the city of Giza, a necropolis of ancient Memphis, and today part of Greater Cairo, Egypt. The Great Pyramid of Giza was to serve as a tomb for The Egyptian pharaoh Khufu (the Fourth Dynasty) in accordance to Ancient Egyptian beliefs. The Great Pyramid of Giza was a tradition of pyramid mastaba or "platform" covering the royal tomb, and may have also been Astronomic observatories, places of cult worship as temples. The north face, has the pyramid's entrance and there is a number of corridors and galleries that lead to the King's burial chamber located at the heart of the pyramid. The King's sarcophagus and interior walls are made of red granite and oriented in accordance with the compass directions, and fits precisely within only 1 centimeter. The massive interior stones fit so well, a card won't fit between them. HANGING GARDEN OF BABYLON The Hanging Gardens of Babylon was on the east bank of the River Euphrates, about 50 km south of Baghdad, Iraq. The Gardens were built by Nebuchadnezzar to please his lover who had been raised in Media and had a strong passion for mountain scenery. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon go back to the Babylonian king Hammurabi (as in the code of Hammurabi) started the dynasty that brought the Mesopotamian civilization to its glory and did parts of the gardens. Nebuchadnezzar II in 604 to 562 B.C. is usually credited for building the Hanging Gardens. THE TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS AT EPHESUS The Temple of Artemis was built around 550 BC. The great marble temple served as both a marketplace and a religious institution to pay homage to the Greek goddess Artemis (or Diana The Roman goddess), of hunting, wild nature, fertility and childbirth. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus was simply the most beautiful structure

on earth, decorated with bronze statues sculpted by the most skilled artists. Statuettes carved and of Artemis decorated made facade of overlooking gold a and spacious ivory. courtyard. the building was made of marble, The 127 columns were 60 feet high and ornately Marble steps surrounding the building platform led to the high terrace which was approximately 260 feet by 430 feet. The temple housed many works of art, including four ancient bronze statues of Amazons sculpted by the finest artists and adorned with golden pillars and silver statuettes, and was decorated with paintings. The Temple of Artemis was in the ancient city of Ephesus near the modern town of Selcuk, about 50 km south of Izmir in Turkey. It was sponsored by the Lydian king Croesus, designed by the Greek architect Chersiphron. The Temple of Artemis was as much a sanctuary visited tourists, artisans, and kings who would buy earrings, bracelets, necklaces, artifacts from Persia and India. The merchants would honor Artemis by sharing their profits with her. And bring honor to the ancient city of Ephesus. THE STATUE OF ZEUS The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was built around 450 B.C. Possibly to honor the Olympic games. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia's size is what made the statue of Zeus so wonderful. and the idea that the king of gods is capable of unroofing the huge temple if he stood up. The base of the statue was about 20 feet wide and 3 feet high. The the statue itself was 40 feet high. Zeus' body and throne were decorated with gold, precious stones, ebony, and ivory. On his head is a wreath of olive sprays, his hands holds a figure of Victory and a scepter both made from ivory and gold. sandals and robe. are made of gold, and ornately carved. with animals and with lilies. sphinxes and winged figures of Victory. Greek gods and mythical figures also adorned the scene: Apollo, Artemis, and Niobe's children. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was at the ancient town of Olympia, on the west coast of modern Greece, about 150 km west of Athens The temple of Zeus was designed by the architect Libon and was built around 450 B.C. The magnificent temple of Zeus Under the growing power of ancient Greece This is the statue of the god in whose honor the Ancient Olympic games were held and gave its very name to the Olympics. The Athenian sculptor Pheidias used scaffolding around

440 B.C. to perform the "sacred" task, of building a majestic statue suitable for Zeus, the King of the Gods. THE MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSUS 100 feet and 140 feet high, with a stepped podium foundation decorated with statues. A pyramid roof toped with a 20 foot chariot pulled by four horses and decorated with statues. Supported by 60 foot columns, on a 38 foot and 22 foot base, all with decorations and statues carved most realistically and the best quality marble, of people, lions, horses, and other animals that adorned all the different levels. The central burial chamber and the sarcophagus was white alabaster decorated with gold. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was in the city of Bodrum (also called Halicarnassus) on the Aegean Sea, in south-west Turkey. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was King Maussollos in Lucian's burial place as the "Dialogues of the Dead", a gigantic monument such as no other dead person has. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was conceived by his wife and sister Artemisia, and the construction was started during king Mausollos' lifetime. From 377 to 353 B.C., king Mausollos of Caria reigned and moved his capital to Halicarnassus. The construction of Mausoleum at Halicarnassus became a mater of civil pride and unity.

THE COLOSSUS OF RHODES The Colossus took 12 years to make and was finished in 282 B.C.. The Colossus of Rhodes was the sun god, Helios, inscribed To you, O Sun. The Colossus stood about 110 feet high and was financed by sale of military equipment left behind after the failed assault by the Antigonids of Macedonia in 305 B.C.. The outer bronze skin was on a base was made of white marble, and the feet and ankle of the statue were reinforced iron and stone. The Colossus stood at the harbor entrance, in front of the Mandraki harbor, but to one side, not straddling its entrance as is often thought. On the small island of Rhodes were three city-states; Ialysos, Kamiros, and Lindos. who united to form one territory, with a unified capital of Rhodes. in 408 B.C.. The Colossus of Rhodes was a symbol of unity of the people who lived on the Mediterranean island of Rhodes. The city thrived commercially and

had strong economic ties with Egypt. The higher parts required an earth ramp to be built around the statue, and later removed. THE LIGHTHOUSE OF ALEXANDRIA The Lighthouse of Alexandria was started by Ptolemy Soter about 290 B.C., but finished after his death by his son Ptolemy Philadelphus. The Lighthouse of Alexandria was the tallest building on Earth, total height about 384 feet. For centuries, the Pharos Lighthouse was used to mark the harbor, using fire at night and reflecting sun rays during the day. The mirror could be seen more than 35 miles offshore. It had three stages: The lower square, 183 feet high, a cylindrical core (used to lift the fuel for the fire) ; the middle octagonal with a side length of 60 feet and a height of 90 feet; and the third circular 24 feet high. In ancient times there was a white marble cover and statue of Poseidon on the summit. Legend says the mirror was also used burn enemy ships before they could reach the shore. The Lighthouse of Alexandria was built on the ancient island of Pharos, (legend says, it was also called Pharaoh's Island and connected to the mainland by a dike - the Heptastadion. Now part of the city of Alexandria in Egypt. The Lighthouse of Pharos' architect was Sostratus, who designed it at the Library of Alexandria and dedicated to the Pahaoh Ptolemy Soter and his wife Berenice (Who by the way are ancestors of Cleopatra VII.) The Lighthouse of Alexandria would ensured a safe return of sailors, to the Great Double Harbor of Alexandria, because of dangerous sailing conditions and flat coastline in this major trade region. The Lighthouse of Alexandria had the mirror reflected sunlight during the day while fire was used during the night.