BS en 286-4-1995 Simple Unfired Pressure Vessels Designed To Contain Air or Nitrogen Part 4. Aluminium Alloy Pressure Vessels

CEN E N x 2 8 b - 4 - 9 4
3404.589
0086835 394
BRITISH STANDARD
BS EN
286-4: 1995
Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or nitrogen

Part 4. Aluminium alloy pressure vessels designed for air braking equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for railway rolling stock
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The European Standard EN 286-4 : 1995 has the status of a British Standard
UDC 621 642.02-98-034 715 629.4-5yZ 620 1 62-777
Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CEN No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
Not for Resale
BS EN 2864 : 1995
Cooperating organizations
The European Committee for Standardization, under whose supervision this European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards organizations of the following Western European countries: Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Iceland Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Oesterreichisches Normungsinstitut Institut belge de normalisation Dansk Standard Suomen Standardisoimisliito, r.y. Association franaise de normalisation Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V. Hellenic Organization for Standardization Technological Institute of Iceland National Standards Authority of Ireland Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione Inspection du Travail et des Mines Nederlands Nonnalisatie-instituut Norges Standardiseringsforbund Instituto Portugus da Qualidade Asociacin Espaola de Normalizacin y Certificacin Standardiseringskommissioneni Sverige Association suisse de normalisation British Standards Institution
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Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 February 1995
Amd. NO.
Date
R x t affected
0BSI 1995
The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PVE17 Draft for comment 9081699 DC
ISBN O 580 2186 3
Not for Resale
C E N EN*28b-4
9 4 W 3404589 O086837 L b 7
m
BS EN 286-4 : 1995
Contents
Page Inside front cover i 2 3 Inside back cover Inside back cover
Cooperating organizations National foreword Foreword Text of EN 286-4 National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible National annex NB (informative) Cross-references
National foreword
This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Pressure Vessel Standards Policy Committee and is the English language version of EN 286-4 : 1994 Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or nitrogen - Part 4: Aluminium alloy pressure vessels designed for air braking equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for railway rolling stock, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 286-4 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the UK took a n active part.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
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i
Not for Resale
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM

UDC 621.642.02-98-034.715: 629.4-592 620.1 : 62-777
EN 286-4
September 1994
Descriptors: Railway rolling stock, brakes, pneumatic equipment, pressure vessels, tanks containers, aluminium alloys, design, computation, production control, weld defects, acceptability, assembling, certification, marking
English version
Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or nitrogen - Part 4: Aluminium alloy pressure vessels designed for air braking equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for railway rolling stock
Rcipients pression simples, non soumis la flamme, destins contenir de lair ou de lazote - Partie 4: Rcipients pression en alliages daluminium destins aux quipements pneumatiques de freinage et aux quipements pneumatiques auxiliaires du matriel roulant ferroviaire
Einfache unbefeuerte Druckbehlter fr Luft oder Stickstoff - Teil 4: Druckbehlter aus Aluminiumlegierungen fr Druckluftbremsanlagen und pneumatische Hilfseinrichtungen in Schienenfahrzeugen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1994-09-09.CEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any GEN member. The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a GEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies ofAustria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CEN
European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36,B-1050Brussels

@ 1994 Copyright reserved to CEN members
Ref. No. EN 286-4 : 1994 E

Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CEN No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
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CEN EN*E'Bb-4
94
3404589 0 0 8 6 8 3 9 T 3 T
Page 2
EN 286-4 : 1994
Foreword
This European Standard was prepared by CEN/TC 54, Unfired pressure vessels, of which the secretariat is held by BSI. This European Standard has been prepared under a Mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of the EC Directive(s). CEN/TC 54 decided to submit the final draft for formal vote by its resolution. The result was positive. This part is one of a series of four. The other Parts are : Part 1:Design, manufacture and testing Part 2 : Pressure vessels for.air braking and auxiliary systems for motor vehicles and their trailers Part 3 : Steel pressure vessels designed for air braking equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for railway rolling stock This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 1995, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 1995. According to the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain and United Kingdom
Contents
Page Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Symbols 4 4 Materials 4 5 Design 5 6 Inspection and drainage bosses 13 7 Marking 13 8 Corrosion protection 13 9 Qualification of welding procedures 14 10 Qualification of welders and welding operators 14 11 Testing of the vessels 17 12 Certification procedures 24 13 Information to be supplied at the time of invitation to tender and time of order 24 14 Delivery 24 15 Documentation to accompany the vessel 24 25 Annex A (normative) Verification Annex B (normative) Declaration of conformity - Surveillance 25 Annex C (normative) Design and manufacturing schedules 27 Annex D (normative) Type examination 27 Annex E (normative) Content of the manufactured record 28 Annex F (informative)Assembly of the vehicles 28 Annex G (informative) Service surveillance of vessels 31
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CEN EN*Z86-4
74 W 3 4 0 4 5 8 9 0 0 8 6 8 4 0 7 5 1 W
Page 3 EN 286-4 : 1994
1 Scope
1.1 This Part of this European Standard is applicable to simple unfired aluminium alloy pressure vessels, referred to as 'vessel' in this standard, designed for air braking equipment and auxiliary pneumatic equipment for railway rolling stock (see 1.6). 1 . 2 The vessels t o this standard are: a) made from a single shell; b) made from aluminium alloy; c) fabricated by welding; d) used at a maximum working pressure of 10 bar; e) the product of the maximum working pressure (in bar) and the volume (in litre): 500 bar litres < PV < 10O00 bar litres ; f) made of a cylindrical part of circular crosssection called the shell with two outwardly dished torispherical ends, that is two dished ends with the same axis of rotation. This standard therefore does not apply to vessels with one or two flat ends or those made up of several compartments; g) calculated with a design pressure P (see 5.1.4.2); h) designed for a working temperature of between - 50 "C and + 100 'C [ + 65 'C for certain grades of aluminium alloy (see 4.1.111; j ) fastened to the vehicles by straps; 1.3 In normal service, a momentary overpressure of 1bar of the maximum working pressure is permitted (10 % of E',). 1.4 This Part of this European Standard applies to the vessel proper, from the inlet connection to the outlet connection and to all other connections and fittings belonging to the vessel. 1.5 This Part of this European Standard gives the requirements to be met for the calculation, design, fabrication, inspection during fabrication and certification of the vessel, and fittings for assembly to the vehicle. These requirements cannot be written in sufficient detail to ensure good workmanship or proper construction. Each manufacturer is therefore responsible for taking every necessary step to make sure that the quality of workmanship and construction is such as to ensure compliance with good engineering practice. This Part of this standard gives: a) in annex F, recommendations for assembly to the vehicles; b) in annex G, recommendations for the service surveillance of vessels.
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1.6 The requirements of this Part of this European Standard apply to vessels designed to be fitted to rail vehicles used on the main national networks, urban networks, underground railways, trams, private networks (regional railways, company railways, . . . 1.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 287-2 Approval testing of welders - fusion welding Part 2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys EN 288-1 Specifications and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials Part 1: General rules for fusion welding EN 288-2 Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials Part 2: Welding procedure specification for arc welding EN 288-4 Specification and approval of welding procedures for metallic materials Part 4:Welding procedure tests for the arc welding of aluminium and its alloy EN 10025 Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels - Technical delivery conditions EN 26520 Classification of imperfections in metallic fusion welds, with explanations I s 0209-1 Wmughi aluminium and aluminium alloys - Chemical composition and forms of product Part 1 Chemical composition Lso 209-2 Wmughi aluminium and aluminium &s - Chemical composition and forms of product Part 2 : Forms of products EO 2281 pipe threads where pressure-tightjoints are not made on the threads Part 1: Designation, dimensions and tolerances IS0 261 IS0 general purpose metric screw threads - General plan IS0 1101 Technical drawings - Geometrical tolerancing - Tolerancing of form, orientation, location and run-out Generalities, definitions, symbols, indications on drawings
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CEN E N x 2 8 b - 4 9 4 W 3404.589 O D 8 b 8 4 L 698 W
Page 4
EN 286-4 : 1994
IS0 2081
Metallic coatings -Electroplated coating of zinc on iron or steel I s 02107 Aluminium, magmsium and their alloys Temper designations IS0 2437 Recommendation practice for the X-ray inspection of fusion welded butt joints for aluminium and its alloys and magnesium and its alloys 5 to 50 mm thick IS0 4520 Chromate conversion coatings on electroplated zinc and cadmium coatings I s 06361-2 Wrought aluminium and aluminium alloy sheet, strip and plate. Part 2: Mechanical properties IS0 6362-2 Wrought aluminium and alloy extruded rods I bars, tubes and profiles Part 2: Mechanical properties
3 Symbols
For the purpose of this standard, the following symbols apply: A Elongation at rupture % Cross sectional area effective as Afb compensation, of the boss mm2 Cross sectional area effective as AfP compensation, of the reinforcing plate mm2 Cross sectional area effective as Afs compensation, of the shell mm2 Area of the pressurized zone mm2 A, C Absolute value of the minus rolling tolerance for sheets as quoted in the standard mm Outside diameter of the shell of D O the vessel mm Internal diameter of the boss mm dib Outside diameter of the boss mm e Nominal wall thickness mm Calculated thickness mm e, Calculatd thickness of the end mm ech Calculated thickness of the shell mm ecs mm Nominal thickness of the end eh Wall thickness of the boss erb mm contributing to reinforcement Wall thickness of the reinforcing erp plate contributing to mm reinforcement of the shell Wall thickness ers contributing to reinforcement mm Nominal design stress at the f design temperature N/mm2 Permitted stress of the boss N/mm2 fb Throat thickness of a weld mm g
"All pressures are gauge pressures.
mm mm mm N/mm2 Nmm' mm "C "C 1

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External height of the dished part of an end (see figure 3) External height of the cylindrical part of the end (see figure 3) Internal height of a dished part of the end (see figure 3) Design coefficient which is a function of the welding process Total length of the vessel Distance between the axis of a drainage opening and the end of the vessel Length of the boss contributing to reinforcement Length of inward projecting boss contributing to reinforcement Length of the reinforcing plate contributing to reinforcement, measured along the mid surface Length of the shell contributing to reinforcement, measured along the mid surface Design pressure'' which is a function of the maximum working pressure, the welding process and inspection used Maximum working pressure1) Internal radius of the spherical part of the end Local internal radius at the location of the opening in question Minimum tensile strength specified by the manufacturer or by the standard defining the material Minimum proof stress Internal radius of the torispherical part of the end Minimum working temperature Maximum working temperature Volume of the vessel
mm mm mm
-
mm mm mm mm mm
bar bar
4 Materials
4.1 Pressurized parts The aluminium alloys used in the fabrication of the pressurized parts of the vessels shall hlfil the following conditions: a) R, I 350 N/mm2 b) elongation after rupture A shall be: -if the test piece is taken parallel to the direction of rolling 2 16%; -if the test piece is taken perpendicular to the direction of rolling 2 14%.
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CEN EN*Z&b-4 94 W 3 4 0 4 5 8 9 O086842 5 2 4
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EN 286-4 : 1994
4.1.1 Shell and ends The shell and ends shall be made of aluminium alloy sheet or strip of one of the grades given in table 1. 4.1.2 Inspection bosses, pipes connection
5 Design
5.1 Shell and ends
5.1.1 General The vessels are of simple geometrical form, composed of a cylindrical body of circular crosssection and two outwardly dished torispherical ends. The design of the vessels shall take into account the installation and maintenance conditions. The installation and maintenance conditions shall be given by the manufacturer or the user (see clause 13)
NOTE. Examples of installation and maintenance requirements are given in informative annexes F and G.
branches and drainage bosses The bosses shall be made of 5083, 5086, 5454 or 5754 aluminium alloy bars or tubes in condition M in accordance with IS0 6362 : Part 2.
4.2 Non-pressurized parts The accessories t o be welded t o the vessel, but which do not contribute to its strength, shall be made of aluminium alloy compatible with the aluminium alloy from which the pressurized parts of the vessel are made. The product analysis of the aluminium alloy shall meet the following requirements: - R , I 350 N/mm2; - Cu s 0,5 % and Zn I 0,25 %. 4.3 Welding materials The filler material and gas fluxes shall be suitable for the parent metals. The recommended grades of filler material to be used are 5183 and 5356. These grades are suitable for welding the grades listed in 4.1 and 4.2. Aluminium-silicon grades shall not be used. The suitability of the welding products used is verified during the qualification of the procedures described in clause 9.
All welds, even of a temporary nature, located outside the designed seams are prohibited.
5.1.2 Design of the shell Shells are generally made from a single sheet. If the shell is made of several welded parts, the number of circular welds shall be kept to a minimum. Longitudinal weld seams of parts of the shell shall : - not be located on the lower part of the vessel defined by an angle of 30 on either side of the vertical axis (see figure 1); - be sufficiently far apart such as to form an angle greater than 40 (see example in figure 2).
Table 1. Aluminium alloy materials

IS0 designation
International registration record) Temper designation* Maximum temperature Temperature Design temperaturea
AlMg2Mn0,8 AlMg3 AlMg3Mn 1 AlMg4 AlMg4,5Mn0,7
5049
5754
5454 5086
5083
O O O
100 100 100
Minimum proof stress
N/m*
80 80
80 80
O O
65 65
90 100 loo W 60 s 1204) 75 125 1
90
70 70 90
Minimum design
stress
N/-*
48 48 54
4 8
48 54
G5 42 G5 42
60
75
a554 S5 54 745) 72
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CEN EN*28b-4
74
= 3404587
008b843 4b0
Page 6
EN 286-4 : 1994
Figure 1 . Position of longitudinal welds on the bottom of the shell
Drainage point or reference mark on the Lower part
K, 20f P The minimum design stress shall be taken from table 1.

ecs =
~
5 . 1 . 4 Calculation of shell and end thicknesses 5 . 1 . 4 . 1 General The nominal thickness e of the shells and ends shall be such that: e>e,+c The value of e, shall in no case be less than 3 mm. The manufacturer shall apply a correction to allow for thinning resulting from the manufacturing process. 5 . 1 . 4 . 2 Calculation of the shell thickness ecs
Figure 2 . Position of longitudinal welds on the shell
5 . 1 . 3 Design of the ends 5 . 1 . 3 . 1 Shape and dimensions of the ends

The torispherical ends shall be made from a single sheet. Dishing and flanging shall be carried out by a mechanical forming procedure, for example by pressing or spinning. Hand forming is not permitted. The torispherical end shall meet the requirements of figure 3 and table 2.
NOTE. It has been established from the standards quoted in this part that 0,3Rm is always greater than 0,6R,,,,.
Table 2. Height of the cylindrical portion of ends

Dimensions in millimetres
eh
himin
The values of P and K, to be taken into account are : a) case no. 1: P 2 1,15P8 and K, = 1 for automatic welding and when tests are carried 1 . 1 . 2 . 1 ; out in acordance with 1 b) case no. 2 : P 2 1,3Psand K, = 1 for automatic welding and when tests are carried out in accordance with 1 1 . 1 . 2 . 2 ; c) case no. 3: P 2 1,25Psand K, = 1,15 for welding using a non-automatic process and when tests are carried out according to 11.1.1.
3
12
4 16
5 20
6 1 8 24 32
10
40
himax
25
40
50
5 . 1 . 3 . 2 Heat treatment after forming

The parameters of the heat treatment to which ends are subjected after forming cannot be
5 . 1 . 4 . 3 Calculation of the thickness of the ends ech The end thickness shall be calculated in the following manner: a) Select the values off from table 1, and with P = P,, calculate Pllof.
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Drainage opening
specified in this standard as they vary according to the following criteria: - the grade of aluminium alloy; - the type of oven (other than direct radiation, convection, etc.) ; - the forming process (hot or cold drawing). The heat treatment shall not affect the values of R,o,z and R, used in calculating the thickness. In addition, after heat treatment the material shall satisfy the following conditions: - tensile strength R , I 350 N/mm2; - elongation after rupture A 2 16 %. The suitability of the heat treatment parameters shall be checked by the approved inspection body when the manufacturing record is submitted for the certification procedure (see clause 12).
CEN ENx28b-4 9 4 W 3404589 0 0 8 6 8 4 4 3T7
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EN 286-4 : 1994
R (nominal) = 0,
0,10,
< r (nominal) < 0,150,
Figure 3. Torispherical end
b) Calculate hJD, with he the smaller of the three values:
Calculate he/D,, with he = smallest of 3 values: a) h
+ Do - + ,( / D o = (3,38) + 400 = eh = 79,24
- rI2 - (D,/2
- e h - r)'
2 where :
ech = ecs ; h = eh
J(400 - 40)' - [400/2 - 3,38 - 4012
+ hz
-
0; b, 4R
r)'
C)
+ ech) = 99,23
(Do- r)' - (D,/2 - e h =eh+Do(take eh = ecs + (3).
2'
ech) =
92,82
NOTE. 0,3 is the minus rolling tolerance for the sheet.
when echis taken as equal to ecs= 20f P = 3,08

~
c) Determine ech/D0from figure 4 . d) Multiply the value found by Do to obtain the thickness ech. e) Verify the calculation with this value in place of that of ecs. Example of calculation of thickness eeh of an end of aluminium alloy 5083 in accordance with IS0 6361-2 for a vessel of diameter Do = 400 mm and a maximum service temperature of 65 O C .
Kc
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thus e h
= 3,08
+ 0,3 = 3,38
giving he = 79,24 and he/D, = 0,198 From figure 4: ech/Do= 0,0101

ech =
0,0101 x 400 = 4,04.

= 4,04
P = 1,15P, = 1,15 x 10 = 11,5 bar (case no. 1in 5.1.4.2) for'the shell P = P, = 10 bar for the ends K, = 1 R = D o = 400 mm r = O,lDo= 40 mm T , , , = 65 "C f = 74 N/mm' from table 1
Therefore P/(lOf) = 10/(10 x 74) = 0,0135
The verification of the calculation with ech in place of ecs = 3,08 gives:
ech = 4.
5.1.5 Weldedjoints of shells and ends

5.1.5.1 Longitudinal welds The welds shall be full penetration butt welds. Backing strips, even of a temporary nature, are not permitted.
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EN 286-4 : 1994
echlDo
1
0.0140"
9
0,001 2
Figure 4. Theoretical curves for dished ends
5.1.5.2 Circular welds
The shell/end joints permitted are those shown in figures 5 to 8 .The welds in figures 5 to 7 Shall be of the full penetration type of the shell/end wall; and for figure 8 full penetration of the shell wall. For welding of sheets of different nominal thicknesses (shell/end weld), there shall be
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8 7 6
I 4
I
I
0,150
i i
0,250
0,300 0,350 0,400
e 1%
8 9
I
0,Ol
O,O35
0,001
P/(lOf)
alignment either of the neutral axes (figure 5) or of the walls of the internal face or external face, the Connecting Slope not exceeding 25 % (14") (see figures and 7, and the misaliWment Of the axes not exceeding mm- If the misalignment of the neutral axes is greater than 1 mm, levelling shall be carried out as shown in figures 7a and 7b.
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CEN E N * Z B b - 4
9 4 W 3 4 0 4 5 8 9 0086846 L7T W
Page 9 EN 286-4 : 1994
5.2 Openings
5.2.1 General Inspection bosses, pipe connection branches and drainage bosses are cylindrical parts comprising an internal pipe thread complying with IS0 228-1 or an IS0 metric thread in accordance with IS0
Figure 5. Butt weld with centre lines aligned
1 1 25%
rnax(t~ol-,
261. The permitted shapes and welding are defined in 5.2.4.1 and 5.4.2.2. The minimum number, dimensions and location on the vessel are defined in clause 6. The wall thickness of bosses shall not be less than 2 times the thickness of the sheet to which they are welded.
5.2.2 Holes for bosses Where the diameter of the hole in the wall is greater than 75 mm, a reinforcement calculation is necessary in accordance with the method described in 5.2.3. Where holes require reinforcement, the distance that they are to be apart is defined in 5.2.3.1. The maximum distance between the centre of the dished end and the outer edge of any holes shall not be greater than 0,40,(see figure 9). Holes in shells and ends should be located as far as possible from welded seams and shall in no case cross any welded seam. The distance between any two welds measured from the extremity of the edge preparation shall not be less than 4 times the nominal thickness of the shell or end, with a minimum of 25 mm (see figures 10a and lob).
Figure 6. Butt weld with centre lines offset
y b
Figure 7a
25% max [ 1 4 O )
Figure 7. Butt welds with centre lines offsel and connecting slope
Figure 9. Position of a hole in an end Figure 8. Weld of the shell ring to end with necked edge
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CEN E N r 2 8 b - 4 9 4
= 3404589 0086847 006
Page 10 EN 286-4 : 1994
~~
Ge min
I
Figure 10a
be min
/A
Figure l l a . Reinforcement of cylindrical shell with boss
Figure 1 0 .Distance between two welds measured from the end of the edge preparation
A fb
+ I
5 . 2 . 3 Calculation of the opening reinforcement 5 . 2 . 3 . 1 General The calculation method described in 5 . 2 . 3 . 2 and 5 . 2 . 3 . 3 is applicable to shells and dished ends in which circular holes are made in compliance with the following conditions and hypotheses. Reinforcing plates, where used, shall be made from the same material as that of the vessel to which they are welded. The distance between openings, measured from the outer face of the reinforcing plates or openings , where two openings shall not be less than 2 x I require reinforcement, or I,, where only one of the two openings requires reinforcement.
1,s =
Figure l l b . Reinforcement of spherical shell with boss
JGGaG
(1)
where : a) Ri = D,/2 - e,, for shells; b) Ri = R for ends. Reinforcement of the openings is obtained by the use of: a>recess welded bosses (see figures l l a and 1lb); b) welded reinforcing plates and recess welded bosses (see figure l l c ) . Adequate reinforcement shall be provided in all planes passing through the axis of the opening. 5 . 2 . 3 . 2 Reinforcement of opening Only bosses of the full penetration type as shown in figures l l a and l l b may be used.
Figure l l c . Reinforcement of spherical shell by reinforcing plate and boss
Figure 11. Reinforcement of opening

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EN 286-4 : 1994
The length of the boss contributing to the reinforcement, used in equation (3) for determining Ab shall not be greater than I, [see equation (211: Irh 5 ITS (2) The value of erb used for determining Aa in equation (3) shall not be more than twice ers. The following condition shall also be complied with:
(3)
I
I
Figure 12. Fixing of a boss by an external weld
5.2.3.3 Reinforcement by reinforcing plate and boss One of the following two conditions shall be complied with: - the permissible stress f b is less than stress f : Pl10 (A, + 0,5(Afs+Ab + 0,7Af,)] _< f(& + 0,7Afp) + fh&, - the permissible stress fb is greater than stress f :
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&
A, (Af,+ Am + 0,7Afp
where : a) the areas A,, Ab, Af, and Af, are determined as shown in figures l l a , l l b and l l c ; to be b) the maximum height of the boss used in the calculation is:
Irh = 0,8v?(doh - erb)e,h
Figure 13. Fixing of a boss by internal and external welds
c) the maximum height of the part of the boss (&.hi) inside the vessel, to be used in the calculation is :
h i = 0,5Irb d) the dimensions of the reinforcing plate to be used in the calculation are: erp I ers and I,, 5 I , 5.2.4 Welding of bosses
5.2.4.1 Inspection openings and pipe connection branches Welds can be either full penetration welds (see figures 12 and 13)or partial penetration welds (see figure 14). 5.2.4.2 Drainage openings The welds shall be full penetration welds of the wall of the vessel. Weld preparation of the vessel may be necessary. Examples of permitted welds are given in figures 15, 16 and 17. If the drainage opening cannot be made in the bottom of the vessel, drainage shall nevertheless be provided by one of the permitted methods shown in figures 18 to 25.
Figure 14. Fixing of a boss by internal and external fillet welds
Figure 15. Fixing of a drainage boss by an external weld
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94
3404589 008b49 989
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EN 286-4 : 1994
Figure 16. Fixing of a drainage boss by internal and external welds
Figure 17.Fixing of a drainage boss with drainage groove Figure 21. Dip tube fixed to a top end of a vertical vessel
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Figure 20. Dip tube fixed to the shell of a vertical vessel
///
' f . L /
Figure 18. Dip tube k e d to an end Figure 22. Dip tube fixed to the upper part of the shell of a horizontal vessel
Figure 19. Dip tube fixed to the shell of a horizontal vessel
SW figures 12, 13 and 14
Figure 23. Fixing of a dip tube

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CEN ENY28b-4
94
3 4 0 4 5 8 9 O086850 bTO
m
Page 13 EN 286-4 : 1994
'igures and 14
The locations of the bosses shown in figure 26 are recommended. Other locations may be specified as long as they permit access for internal inspection and drainage of the vessel.
7 Marking
7.1 General Vessels complying with this Part of this European Standard shall bear the identification and service marks given in 7.4. These marks are stamped either in the metal of the vessel itself or on a plate welded to the vessel wall. These marks shall be located on the vessel at one of the positions shown in figure 27.
Figure 24. Fixing of a dip tube to a boss
figures 13 and 14
Figure 25. Recessed fixing of a dip tube to a boss
6 Inspection and drainage bosses

The vessels shall have a t least the inspection and drainage bosses of the dimensions given in table 3 However, vessels with a PV less than or equal to 1000 bar litres (with L < 1500)may have only onc boss for pipe connection, inspection and drainage. In this case, the minimum diameter is 30 mm. Other bosses intended particularly for pipe connections may be provided, as long as they are located well away from welded joints or seams subject to deformation, and in particular away from the knuckle ends.
7.2 Marking stamped in the metal of the vessel Stamping of marks shall only be carried out on vessel walls of thickness e 2 5 mm. The stamps shall not have any sharp edges and the depth of the stamping shall not exceed one tenth of the wall thickness. When the marking is on an end, the mark shall be stamped as far as possible away from the theoretical line of intersection of the knuckle radius and the spherical radius and shall be close to the end base, without interfering with the weld of the pipe connection branch. Marking shall be carried out before the ends are welded onto the shell. The only marks that shall be stamped onto the finished vessel are those given in items 6 ) and 10) of 7.4.
7.3 Marking stamped on a plate The dimensions of the marking plate are given in figure 28.
7.4 Identity and service marks This marking shall follow the general arrangement shown in figure 29 or, if necessary, shall be in three zones (see figure 27). These marks shall have a minimum height of 5 mm. The dimensions in figure 29 are given for guidance.
dibl
Minimum diameter: 30 mm A diameter of 30 mm corresponds approximately to internal threads G1 and M33 Minimum diameter: 18 mm A diameter of 18 mm corresponds approximately to internal threads and M20
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8 Corrosion protection
8.1 General An aluminium alloy vessel is particularly sensitive to electrochemical corrosion. It should therefore be insulated electrically from the chassis of the vehicle.
NOTE. Examples of installation conditions are given in the informative annex F.
dibi
Not for Resale
C E N EN*28h-Y
9Y
3404589 O O B b 8 5 L 537
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fi
b2
Le 1 5 0 0 mm
-I
II
n l
LZ
1500 rnm
NOTE. The drainage opening may be located other than in the bottom of the vessel provided that the vessel has a system for ensuring its complete drainage (see 5.2.4.2)
Figure 26. Location of openings
If corrosion protection is necessary (see 8.3) it shall be the subject of an agreement between the railway customer and the supplier and meet the service surveillance requirements given in annex G. 8.2 Protection of internal walls No protection is required.
8.3 Protection of external walls The outer walls of vessels not protected against impact of ballast or particles from the braking of the vehicle shall be given a protective surface coating.
9 Qualification of welding procedures

Welding procedures shall be specified in accordance with EN 288 : Parts 1 , 2 and 4. The qualification shall be witnessed by an approved inspection body.
10 ualification of welders and we1 ing operators
Welders and welding operators shall be qualified in accordance with EN 287 : Part 2. The qualification shall be witnessed by an approved inspection body.
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~~~
CEN ENr28b-4 9 4
3 4 0 4 5 8 9 0 0 8 6 8 5 3 30T
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m m
fi
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1) Name or trademark of the manufacturer and place of fabrication. (The arrangement and height of the characters are left t o the discretion of the manufacturer). 2) Year of fabrication. 3) Vessel pattern number and batch identification. 4) Internal volume (in litres). 5 ) Maximum working pressure (in bars). 6 ) Mark of compliance with this European Standard : EN 286-4, and the last 2 digits of the year in which the mark is affixed. The CE mark and the distinguishing number of the approved inspection body. 7 ) Minimum service temperature T,,, (in C). 8) Maximum service temperature T,,, (in C ) 9) Name or trademark of the user. Order number allocated by the user. 10) Provision for date (last 2 digits of the year) and inspectors stamp corresponding to the detailed inspections and tests given in G.6.
NOTE. If the vessel is re-tested, the corresponding marks (data and stamp) should be located next to the existing obligatory marks. In the case of a plate, it should have a free space for this purpose.
Figure 29. Identity and service marks
11 Testing of the vessels

11.1 Testing of welds by the manufacturer Welds shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of tables 4 to 6. The acceptance criteria are specified in 11.1.5. 11.1.1 Welds made by non-automatic welding In this case: P 2 1,25Ps and Kc = 1,15 (see 5.1.4.2 case no. 3). 11.1.2 Welds made by an automatic process 11.1.2.1 With P 2 1,15Ps and Kc = 1 (see 5.1.4.2 case no. 1) 11.1.2.2 With P 2 1,3Ps and Kc case no. 2).
=
diameter 2e, through an angle of 180"; b) one reverse bend test around a mandrel of diameter 2e, through an angle of 180"; c) one macro test.
11.1.4 Quality of the films The quality class of the films shall be determined in accordance with the requirements of IS0 2437. 11.1.5 Acceptance criteria for welds The results of all the tests shall be recorded. If a test gives an unsatisfactory result, the reason shall be sought and a further two samples shall be prepared and verified. If it can be shown that the failure is a result of a local or accidental defect and that the re-tests are satisfactory, the re-test results shall be accepted. If a new sample gives unsatisfactory results all the welds of all the vessels produced since the start of production or since the last unsatisfactory nondestructive test shall undergo a non-destructive test.
1(see 5.1.4.2
11.1.3 Destructive testing of welds on coupon plates The following tests shall be carried out by the manufacturer on coupon plates: a) one face bend test around a mandrel of
Not for Resale
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Tables 7 and 8 show the acceptance levels. If any part of a weld has been repaired the whole of the repaired weld seam shall be verified by means of a non-destructive test. Following the bending tests, the sample shall not have any defects greater than 3 mm in any direction. In the macrographic examination, the affected surface of the sample shall show, through the microscope, a welded point image with an adequate penetration and with no defects other than those permitted in table 8.
11.1.6 Finish of longitudinal and circular joints All welds shall have a smooth finish without valleys and shall merge into the plates without undercutting or abrupt irregularity (see table 7 ) . To ensure that the weld is fully penetrated and thus that the surface of the weld metal does not fall below the surface of the adjoining plate, weld metal may be built up as reinforcement on each side of the plate. This reinforcement shall not exceed the values given in table 9. The reinforcement need not be removed except to the extent that it exceeds the permissible thickness.
Table 4. Amount of testing reauired for welds made by a non-automatic process

~
Testing by the manufacturer
Verification by the approved inspection body where required Destructive test @T)
Test
Nondestructive test (NDT)
Each vessel
i00 yo visual inspection
1 i00 yo X-ray of Each welding machine and each the weld, including welding procedure junctions, on the same vessel
or 1 coupon plate
Visual inspection of coupon plates and films held by the manufacturer. Inspection of the results of the various tests carried out in application of this standard.
Circumferential weld
If the welding process or the designation of the filler metal is identical to that used for the
longitudinal weld, then the circumferential weld needs no further testing.
If the welding process or standard designation of the filler metal differs from those used for making
the longitudinal weld: 1 coupon plate at the
start of fabrication
Then every 300 m of we-3 with a minimum on any one vessel of the batch of
1 100 % X-ray of
or 1 coupon plate
the weld
Not for Resale
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9 4 I3 4 0 4 5 8 9 0 0 8 6 8 5 6 019
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Table 5. Amount of testing required for welds made by an automatic rocedure with P 2 1,15P
F
Each vessel
Verification by the approved inspection body where required Destructive test (DT)
Non-destructive test (NDT)
100% visual inspection
1 X-ray per film of length greater than 200 mm including at least one junction
or
1 coupon plate
During manufacture Every 100 m of weld or at each change of adjustment outside the tolerances fixed in the description of the welding procedure or at each change of standard designation of the filler metal: 1 X-ray per film of or length greater than 200 mm including at least one junction
1 coupon plate
Visual inspection of coupon plates and films held by the manufacturei Inspection of the results of the various tests carried out in applicatioi of this standard.
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Circumferentia1 weld
If the welding process or the designation of the filler metal is identical to that used for the longitudinal weld, then the circumferential weld needs no further testing. If the welding process or standard designation of the filler metal is different from those used for making the longitudinal weld : After adjustment
1X-ray per film of length greater than 200 mm including at least one junction
or
1 coupon plate
During manufacture Every 300 m of weld or at each change of adjustment outside the tolerances fixed in the description of the welding procedure or at each change in the standard designation of the filler metal: 1X-ray per film of length greater than 200 mm including at least one junction
or 1coupon plate
Not for Resale
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Table 5 . Amount of testing required for welds made by an automatic procedure with P 2 1,15Ps (concluded)
T e s t i n g by the manufacturer
Test Verification by the approved inspection body where reauired
(DT)
Non-destructive test (") I Destructive test I
With a minimum per batch of vessels or per month:
2 X-rays per f i l m or 2 coupon plates of length greater than 200 mm including at least
one junction NOTE.The coupon plates or X-rays shall be from different vessels
i n the batch
Table 6. Amount of testing required for welds made by an automatic procedure with P 2 1,15P,
Testing by the manufctwer
Verificationby the approved inspedion body where
r w Test Non-destrucve test 0
Destructive test (DT)
Each vessel
100%visual inspection
Longitudinal weld ARer adjustment

1X-ray per f i l m of length greater than 200 mm including at least one junction
or 1coupon plate
During manufacture
Every 200 m of weld or at each change of adjustment outside the tolerances fixsed in the description of the welding procedure or at each change of standard designation of the m e r metal:
circumferential weld
If the welding process or the designation of the m e r metal is identical to that used for the longitudid weld, then the circumferential weld needs no further
testing:
Inspection of the various tests carried out in application of this standard.
Not for Resale
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Each welding machine and each welding ProCedure
1X-ray per f i l m of length greater than 200 mm including at least one junction
or 1coupon plate
Viiual inspechon of coupon plates and films held by the manufacturer.
CEN E N * 2 b - 4
94
3 4 0 4 5 8 9 O086858 771
Page 21 EN 286-4 : 1994
Table 6. Amount of testing required for welds made by an automatic procedure with P
(concluded)
1,3P,
Non-destructive test (NDT)
Verification by the approved inspection body where required Destructive test (DT)
If the welding process or standard designation of the filler metal is different from those used for making the longitudinal weld : After adjustment 1 X-ray per film of length greater than 200 mm including at least one junction
or
1 coupon plate
During manufacture Every 500 m of weld or at each change of adjustment outside the tolerances fixed in the description of the welding procedure or at each change of standard designation of the filler metal: 1X-ray per film of length greater than 200 mm including at least one junction
or
1 coupon plate
Within a minimum per batch of vessels or per month: 1X-ray per film of length greater than 200 mm including at least one junction
or
1coupon plate
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NOTE. The coupon plates or X-rays shall be from any vessels in the batch
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Table 7. Acceptance levels of defects in butt-welds, detected by visual examination

Defect
TEN 26520 reference I Acceptance level
Lack of penetration Undercut Shrinkage groove Root concavity

I I
Excessive penetration Excess weld metal Irregular surface
Overlap Linear misalignment Arc strike Spatter Torn surface Grinding mark Chipping mark
Table 8. Acceptance levels of lefects in butt-welds, detected by X-ray examination

Cracks Porosity (isolated and grouped)
EN 26520 reference 100 2011 2013 2017 Porosity (uniformly distributed) 2012
Defect
Porosity (linear) Crater pipes Slag and flux inclusions and elongated cavities (individual and parallel to weld axis) Slag and flux inclusions and wormholes (random not parallel to weld axis)
Copper inclusions Lack of fusion (side, root or inter-run)
Area = maximum length of weld affected x local width of weld.
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I402
5011 5012 5013 I515
I
I Not permitted
I
I 504
502 514 509 511 513 517 b 506 507 601 602 603 604 605
I I
Slight and intermittent, permitted provided not sharp and does not exceed 0,5 mm depth As undercut Asundercut See 11.1.6 See 11.1.6 Reinforcement to be of continuous and regular shape with complete filling of groove
I
I
Not permitted See 5.1.5.2 Grind smooth Acceptance subject to thickness verification and crack detection test
I Acceptance level
Not permitted Individual diameter e/4 but not more than 2 mm for a 2 % projected area max. Individual diameter e/4 but not more than 2 mm for a 2 % projected area max. Check for lack of fusion before accepting. Otherwise as 2011,2012,2013 Not permitted Individual length max. e/3 Summation of length = e max. in 12e length if separation < 6 x longest defect Individual length max. e/3
2014 2024 3011 302 1 2015 3012 3013 3022 3023 2016 3042 40 1
Not permitted
Not pe-itted
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94
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Page 23 EN 286-4 : 1994
Table 9. Maximum permissible reinforcemenl for longitudinal and circular welds

Thickness of the thicker plate Dimensions in millimetres Maximum reinforcement thickness r l or r2 (see figure 30)
5<e112
not exceeding 25% (14)and with rounding of radius greater than 50 mm. Their dimensions shall not exceed : + 3 mm; f) radially g ) longitudinally 0,25 L ; h) transversely 71DJ20. In addition, surface scratches are permitted as long as they are less than 0,l mm deep. Acceptance of a concentration of scratches shall be the subject of agreement between the manufacturer and the client.
<y
Figure 30. Reinforcement thickness
11.2 Dimensional inspection Vessels fabricated manually shall be inspected individually in order to ensure that they comply with the tolerances specified below.
For vessels fabricated on an automatic line, the inspector shall ensure, at the start of fabrication, that the vessels meet the following dimensional requirements. He shall then carry out a thorough examination on at least one vessel in every 50 fabricated. Unless otherwise stated, the following tolerances apply: a) length L f 7 mm; b) diameter Do ( 5 500 mm) f 3 mm; ( > 500 mm) 0,6 %; 0,01D,;2 c) circularity of the cylindrical body d) straightness of any generating line of the cylindrical body 0,O1Do;2 d) straightness of any generating line f o,01L;2 of the cylindrical body e) volume of the vessel in the f 3,5 %. as-delivered state
11.3 Pressure test Each vessel with all its fittings (bosses, brackets, etc.) shall be subjected to a hydrostatic test, prior to the application of the protective coating, equivalent to a pressure of 1,5 times the design pressure, i.e.: a) 17,25 bar when the design pressure is taken as 11,5 bar (case no. 1 - 5.1.4.2); b) 19,5 bar when the design pressure is taken as 13 bar (case no. 2 - 5.1.4.2); c) 18,75 bar when the design pressure is taken as 12,5 bar (case no. 3 - 5.1.4.2). in the presence of a person of recognized competence (see clause 12). This pressure shall be maintained for a sufficient length of time to permit a visual examination of all the surfaces and all the welded joints. The vessel shall show no sign of plastic deformation or leakage. Subject to agreement, a pneumatic test may be carried out on each vessel, at the pressure defined above. WARNING. The pneumatic test is potentially a much more dangerous operation than the hydraulic test in that, irrespective of the size of the vessel, any failure during testing may result in an explosion. It should therefore only be carried out after consultation with the inspection body and having ensured that the safety measures taken comply with current legislation of the country in which the test is carried out. All vessels which fail the pressure test shall be rejected. Repairs may be permitted, with the agreement of the client network, but in this case the pressure test shall be repeated.
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In addition, the wall of the vessels shall be free of localized defects such as sudden local irregularities, bumps, flats, cavities, folds, tool marks or visible symmetry defects. Cavities or bumps are permitted provided that they connect with the surrounding surface with gentle slopes
2Thetolerances of shape and position are set out in IS0 1101.
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Page 24 EN 286-4 : 1994
12 Certification procedures
This standard specifies three classes of vessel to which the certification procedure set out in table 10 applies.
14 Delivery
After complete drying of the inside walls, the vessel in the delivery condition shall have all its openings plugged with plastic stoppers or some other means to ensure that the inside of the vessel is free from dust, water or any other foreign bodies. Prior to despatch, the vessel shall be suitably protected to avoid any damage (impact, deformation . . . ) during transport. The packing shall be determined by the railway customer and the manufacturer.
13 Information to be sup lied at the time of invitation to ten er and the time of order
The invitation to tender and order, to which is attached the final drawing of the vessel, shall indicate the number of this standard and specify the following, if they have not already been specified in the drawing or the documents attached to it: a) the dimensions and volume of the vessel; b) the aluminium alloy or alloys, together with the number of the reference standard, from which the shell and ends are to be made (see clause 4);
15 Documentation to accompany the vessel

The documentation to accompany the vessel shall include : a) particulars given on the vessel nameplate, including the serial identification; b) the use for which the vessel has been designed; c) the installation and maintenance requirements where they differ from those given in annexes F and G respectively; d) a declaration that the vessel is in accordance with the requirements of this European Standard (see annex BI; e) for information to the customer, a statement on the test certificate that there shall be no welding operations carried out on pressurized parts of the vessel. The documentation shall be in the language, or languages, of the country of destination.
c ) the type of shell/end joints (see 5.1.5.2);

d) the shape of the openings and their welding to the vessel (see 5.2.4); e) the location of the openings (see clause 6); f) whether the marking is stamped in the metal or on a plate (see clause 7 ) ; g) the marks which the vessel shall have and their location on it (see 7.4); h) corrosion protection measures (see clause 8 ) ;
j) a drawing showing how the vessel is assembled on the vehicle (see annex F);
k) the requirements for service surveillance (see informative annex G).
Table 10. Classification of vessels

Certification Drocedure2
I
IComment
See annex A
Class 1
Greater than 3000 bar litres and not more than 10000 bar litres
_ _ _ _ _ ~
Class 2
Greater than 200 bar litres and not more than 3000 bar litres Greater than 50 bar litres and not more than 200 bar litres
Type examination (see annex D) or approval of design and construction dossier (see annex C, clause 2)
Verification
See annex A Verification or declaration of conformity and surveillance (and special documents) See annex B Verification or declaration of conformity (and special documents) See annex A See annex B
Class 3
At manufacturers choice. )The mark of the inspection body shall be affixed to the vessels subjected to verification.
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Annex A (normative) Verification

A.1 General Verification shall be performed by an approved inspection body on batches of vessels submitted by their manufacturer or by his authorized representative. Batches shall be accompanied by the type-examination certificate (see annex D) or by the certificate of approval of the design and manufacturing schedule (certificate of adequacy) (see annex C). When a batch is examined, the inspection body shall ensure that the vessels have been manufactured and checked in accordance with the design and manufacturing schedule and shall perform a hydrostatic test or, subject to the agreement of the Member State, a pneumatic test on each vessel in the batch at at a pressure equal to 1,5 times the design pressure. Moreover, the inspection body shall carry out tests on test pieces taken from a representative production coupon plate or from a vessel, as the manufacturer chooses, in order to examine weld quality. The tests shall be carried out on lonstudinal welds. However, where differing welding techniques are used for longitudinal and circumferential welds, the tests shall be repeated on representative test pieces of circumferential welds. A.2 Construction verification The approved inspection body shall perform the following checks and examinations. A.2.1 Check of the manufacturing record
The manufacturing record shall be checked (see annex E). A.2.2 External and internal inspection, dimensional check The inspection body shall check the identification of the vessel, e.g. the data-plate, and shall inspect the vessels visually, externally and internally, for defects, especially the seams. The inspection shall be performed before any permanent covering coatings are applied. The inspection body shall check dimensions of shells, ends, openings and other parts, that are of importance t o the safety of the vessel, for conformity with the drawings. Distances important for safety (e.g. distance between openings) shall be checked if considered necessary.
NOTE. Normally it is adequate if 10%of vessels are checked and inspected, these to be selected by the approved inspection body.
A.2.4 Non-destructive testing Non-destructive testing of butt weld seams as required by clause 11 shall be checked by the approved inspection body. This includes spot checks of films. If the films are not available, spot NDT shall be performed according to tables 4 to 6.
Annex B (normative) Declaration of conformity Surveillance

B.l General B.l.l Declaration of conformity
Vessels in accordance with the European Standard whose product Ps and V exceeds 50 bar litres but which does not exceed 3000 bar litres are, at the choice of the manufacturer, either subject to verification (see annex A) or subject to the declaration of conformity. B.1.2 Surveillance By the declaration of conformity the manufacturer becomes subject to surveillance for vessels for which the product of Pc and V exceeds 200 bar litres and does not exceed 3000 bar litres. The purpose of surveillance is to ensure that the manufacturer duly fulfils the obligations required by this European Standard. In the case of vessels manufactured in accordance with an approved specimen, for which a type examination certificate exists, surveillance shall be the responsibility of the approved inspection body which issued this type of examination certificate. In the case of vessels not manufactured in accordance with an approved specimen, surveillance shall be the responsibility of the approved inspection body which issued the certificate of approval of the design and manufacturing schedule (certificate of adequacy) (see C.2).
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A.2.3 Destructive testing Destructive testing as required by 11.1.3 shall be witnessed by the approved inspection body who will certify the results.
B.2 Procedure required before commencement of manufacture of vessels of classes 2 and 3 (see clause 12) subject to a declaration of conformity B.2.1 Responsibilities of the manufacturer Before commencing manufacture, the manufacturer shall submit to the approved inspection body which issued the type examination certificate or the certificate of adequacy (see annex C), a document describing the manufacturing processes and all of the predetermined, systematic measures taken to ensure conformity of the vessels with this European Standard. This document shall include the design and manufacturing schedule and the documents referred to in B.2.1.1 to B.2.1.5.
Not for Resale
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94
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The manufacturer shall appoint a management representative who, irrespective of other responsibilities, shall have independent authority and responsibility for ensuring that the requirements of this European Standard are implemented and maintained. B.2.1.1 A description of the means of manufacture and inspection appropriate to the construction of the vessels. B.2.1.2 An inspection document describing the appropriate examinations and test to be carried out during manufacture together with the procedures thereof and the frequency with which they are to be performed. B.2.1.3 An undertaking to carry out the examinations and tests in accordance with the inspection document referred to above and to have a hydrostatic test carried out on each vessel in accordance with this European Standard. B.2.1.4 The addresses of the places of manufacture and storage and the date on which manufacture is to commence. B.2.1.5 In addition, when the product of Ps and V exceeds 200 bar litres, the manufacturer shall authorize access to the said places of manufacture or storage by the body responsible for the surveillance, for inspection purposes, and allow that body to select sample vessels and provide it with all necessary information and in particular: a) the design and manufacturing schedule; b) the inspection report; c ) the type examination certificate or certificate of adequacy, where appropriate; d) a report on the examinations and test carried out. B.2.2 Responsibilities of the approved inspection bodies The inspection body responsible for the surveillance shall examine the documents referred to in B.2.1.1 and B.2.1.3 in order to check their conformity with the requirements of this European Standard and with: a) the conditions stated in the certificate of adequacy; or b) the design and manufacturing record and the conditions stated in the type examination certificate. Manufacturing cannot commence before the approved inspection body has issued written approval of this document.
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B.3 Procedures required during manufacture of vessels of classes 2 and 3 (see clause 12) subject to a declaration of conformity B.3.1 Responsibilities of the manufacturer The manufacturer shall ensure that the inspections and testing are carried out in accordance with the documented procedures to complete the evidence of full conformance of the vessel to this European Standard. The inspection and test status of vessels shall be identified by using markings, authorized stamps, tags, labels, inspection records, physical location or other suitable means which indicate conformance or non-conformance of vessels with regard to inspection and tests performed. Records shall identify the inspection authority responsible for the release of conforming vessels. The manufacturer shall maintain control of vessels that do not conform to the requirements of this European Standard. All nonconforming vessels shall be clearly identified and segregated to prevent unauthorized use, delivery or mixing with conforming vessels. Repaired or re-worked vessels shall be re-inspected in accordance with documented procedures. B.3.2 Responsibilities of approved inspection bodies For vessels whose product of Ps and V exceeds 200 bar litres, the inspection body responsible for surveillance shall, during fabrication: a) ensure that the manufacturer manufactures and checks the vessels in accordance with the documents described in B.2.1; b) take random samples - two at each visit (see B.3.4.2) - at the place of manufacture or storage of vessels for inspection purposes as given in B.3.3 and B.3.4. B.3.3 Frequency of inspection body operation Initial operation a) and b) of B.3.2 shall be carried out within two months of the commencement of manufacture and, afterwards, random checks will be made at the normal rate of one visit per year if the rate of production of vessels of the same type is up to 3000/year and twice if production is more than 6000/year. For production quantities between these, the rate of visit will be adjusted accordingly. B.3.4 Surveillance checks and tests To ensure that the manufacturer produces and checks vessels subject to the declaration of conformity in accordance with this European Standard, the inspection body responsible for the surveillance shall perform the following checks, inspections, examinations and tests.
Not for Resale
CEN EN*28b-4
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B.3.4.1 Check of the design and manufacturing record, the inspection report and the report on the examinations and tests carried out, in particular with respect to completeness, consistency, validity of certificates, qualification of personnel, etc. B.3.4.2 The inspection body shall select at random at least two vessels in such a manner that at least one vessel per family is selected per year. On these vessels, it shall perform an external and internal inspection, a dimensional check, a non-destructive test of all butt welds (radiographic examination) and a hydrostatic test (see A.l). B.3.4.3 The inspection body shall make available to the manufacturer a copy of the surveillance report that has been prepared.
Annex C (normative) Design and manufacturing schedules

C . l Content The design and manufacturing schedules shall contain the name of the manufacturer and the place of manufacture and shall give the following information: - a detailed manufacturing drawing of the vessel type; - a set of instructions comprising: a) the maximum working pressure, Ps ......... bar; b) the maximum working temperature, T,,, ...... "C; c) the minimum working temperature, T,,, ...... 'C; d) the volume of the vessel, V .......... litre; e) the name or mark of the manufacturer; f ) a drawing showing assembly of the vessel to the rolling stock approved by the client network indicating in particular the method of attachment (see annex F); g) the service surveillance requirements approved by the client network (see annex GI; - a document describing: a) the materials selected; b) the welding processes used; c) the checks to be carried out; dj any pertinent details as to the vessel design including the design pressure; e) the certificates relating to the suitable qualification of the welding procedures and of the welders or operators;
f ) if the certificates for the welding procedures, welders or operators are not available, this shall not prevent the approved body from evaluating the other documents. However, they shall be submitted before approval is given or manufacturing commences ; g) the inspection slips for the materials used for the manufacture of parts and assemblies contributing to the strength of the pressure vessel or a specimen of these inspection slips; h) a specimen of the proposed report on examination and tests. C.2 Approval of design and manufacturing schedule (certificate of adequacy) If vessels are not manufactured on the basis of a type-examination certificate, the manufacturer or his authorized representative shall submit to an approved inspection body an application for design approval and enclose three copies of this design and manufacturing schedule (see C.1). Various vessels or vessel families can be included in one design and manufacturing schedule, but all vessel details (including branches, bosses and attachments) of the production envisaged shall be included. The approved inspection body shall examine these documents in order to check the conformity of the design, of the required tests, and of the qualifications with the requirements of this standard. If they are in agreement with the requirements of this standard the approved inspection body shall issue a certificate of adequacy which shall be forwarded to the applicant.
Annex D (normative) Type examination

Type examination is the procedure by which an approved inspection body ascertains and certifies that a prototype vessel satisfies the provisions of this part of this European Standard. The manufacturer or his authorized representative shall submit to an approved inspection body an application for type examination. The application shall include three copies of the design and manufacturing schedule (see annex C) and a prototype vessel which is representative of the production envisaged. If the application is lodged for various vessels, a prototype vessel is required for each vessel type. Various vessels or vessel types can be included in one design and manufacturing schedule, but all vessel details (including branches, bosses and attachments) of the production envisaged shall be included.
Not for Resale
C E N EN*:28b-4
94
3 4 0 4 5 8 9 0086865 021
Page 28
EN 286-4 :1994
The approved inspection body shall examine the documents in order to check the conformity of design, qualifications and the proposed tests with the requirements of this European Standard. The approved inspection body shall also verify that the vessel has been manufactured in conformity with the design and manufacturing schedule and is representative of the type and shall perform appropriate examinations and tests (including 100 % NDT of main seams and a hydrostatic test). If the design and manufacture schedule and the prototype(s) comply with the provisions of this part of this European Standard, the approved inspection body shall draw up a type-examination certificate (per vessel type) which shall be forwarded to the applicant. The certificate shall state the conclusions of the examination, indicate any conditions to which its issue may be subject and be accompanied by the descriptions and drawings necessary for identification of the approved prototype.
m) the inspection document for the materials used in the manufacture of main pressurized parts; For parts, other than shells and ends with diameters not exceeding 250 mm, a declaration by the manufacturer stating that only materials complying with the required documents have been used, is acceptable. n) the date of the hydrostatic test, signed by the manufacturers inspector and, in the case of verification, by the inspector from the approved inspection body.
E . 3 Records Records shall contain information required by E.1 and E . 2 in such a way as to allow traceability. For the purpose of traceability, records shall be maintained of the vessel numbercustomer. Records shall be kept for at least 40 years.
Annex F (informative) Assembly to the vehicles

F.l General Particular attention should be paid to the materials from which surrounding components are made (straps, cradle, pipes etc.). The difference between materials in the vessel and the surrounding unit affects the corrosion resistance of the aluminium alloy of the vessel. This corrosion is generally the result of the difference in the electrical potentials of the materials present, the presence of stray electric current and the electrolyte resulting from a moist environment. Particular attention should be paid to the assembly of the vessel on the vehicle in order to avoid the effects of electrochemical corrosion. F.2 Fixing The vessels should be fked by means of straps with properties as indicated in F.3 and inserts of corrosion protection tape as defined in F.4. The vessel is generally fixed by means of two straps (see figures F.l and F.2 for typical examples). However, for small vessels, a single strap may be used as long as it does not obstruct reading of the identity and service marks. The straps are fastened to the vehicles by one of the approved methods shown in figures F.3 to F.6. Other methods may be used provided that all safety requirements are complied with. The means of fixing to the vehicle should be electrically insulated (see the assembly examples shown in figures F.7 and F.8). The cradle should, as far as possible, be part of the vehicle chassis.
Annex E (normative) Content of the manufacturing record

The manufacturing record of the vessels shall contain (at least) the following information.
E.l General information

a) the name or mark of the manufacturer; b) the place of manufacture; c) the qualification certificates for the welding procedures and the welders or welding operators; d) the reports of the tests and inspections performed, or description of the proposed verifications.
E . 2 Specific information
a) the identification codes of the vessels specific to the manufacturer (example No. . . . to . . . 1; b) the type approval number or the certificate of adequacy; c ) the diameter of the vessels; d) the volume of the vessels; e) the maximum working pressure; f) the maximum working temperature; g) the minimum working temperature, if below - 10 OC; h) the test pressure; j) the drawing number(s); k) the date of manufacture; 1) the size of the batch;
Not for Resale
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Page 29
EN 286-4 : 1994
rWersd
vessel ,Cradle
Insulating tapes
Figure F.l Fixing by straps of a vessel in the horizontal position
Welded vessel joints
Insulating tapes
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Figure F.3 End of straps with angle brackets

Cradle L -
Welded vessel joints Insulating tapes
Straps made of circular rod are not permitted.
Strap
Figure F.2 Fixing by straps of a vessel in thc vertical position F.3 Fixing straps The fixing straps should be made of flat galvanized steel of minimum tensile strength R , 5 580 N/mm2 as specified in EN 10025 or steel with equivalent mechanical properties and dimensions specified in F.3.1.
F.3.1 Fixing by two straps The dimensions of the straps are given in table F.1. F.3.2 Fixing by a single strap The strap section should be approved by the customer for each particular case. F.4 Insulating tapes The insulating tapes should meet the following requirements : a) remain elastic within the limits of the service temperatures specified by this standard; b) not be susceptible to creep; C) retain their insulating Properties on ageing and in the presence of moisture. The value of the insulating resistance should, under no circumstances, be less than 700 ka.
Not for Resale
~~
CEN EN*k2b-4
94
3404589 0 0 8 6 8 6 7 9 T 4
Page 30
EN 286-4 : 1994
Figure F.4 Ends with straps folded and reinforced
YI
W
Figure F . 7 Fixing to the vehicle with a bolt

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a i u rs ; , $
n:&:
t ing washer
Figure F.5 Ends of straps with welded bolt
Figure F.8 Fixing to the vehicle with a nut
IL
Straps as shown in figures F5 and F6
Table F.l Dimensions of straps

Dimensions in miliimetres
60 x 6
F.5 Mounting
Figure F.6 Ends of straps with grooved welded bolt
F.5.1 General The drawing showing assembly of the vessel on the vehicle should ensure that the identity and service marks can be read under all possible conditions. Contact between the vessel and the vehicle should always be via cradles, with insulating tape (see F.4) inserted between the vessel and the cradle.
Not for Resale
~~
~~~~
CEN E N * Z 8 6 - 4
94
3 4 0 4 5 8 9 0086868 830
=
Page 31
EN 286-4
1994
The fixing straps and their insulating tape should always be placed around the shell (see figures F . l and F.2). All necessary steps should be taken to avoid movement of the insulating tape relative to the straps and the vessel. The cradle should: a) be placed transversely in relation to the vessel; b) be adapted to the shape of the vessel; c) have a width at least equal to that of the fixing straps; d) have a span equal to or greater than 0,6D,. The tension on the straps required to prevent movement of the vessel is applied via fasteners (see figures F.7 and F.8).
NOTE. The nuts should have locking devices.
F.5.3 Fixing by a single strap It should be located so as not to obscure the circular welds. F.6 Pipe connections Connections between the non-alloy steel pipes and the vessels should be of passivated and galvanized steel FeZn 12 c 2C or Fe/Zn 12 c 2D in accordance with IS0 2081 and ISO. 4520. F.7 Protection of the drainage mechanism Where an automatic drainage mechanism is mounted directly on to the vessel opening, it should be protected against accidental damage by a cap.
NOTE. In the case of vehicles fitted with an air dryer, the drainage opening may be closed by a passivated and galvanized (see F.6) steel threaded plug with a pressure relief hole and gasket.
Excessive tightening causes plastic deformation of the vessel wall at the position of the straps, resulting in rapid fatigue fracture of the vessel. The assembly drawing should therefore state the maximum torque to be applied to the fasteners. Table F.2 gives the permitted tightening torque values which have been calculated for a Shore hardness of the insulating tape of 50, and with a coefficient of friction in the fasteners of 0,2.
Annex G (informative) Service surveillance of vessels

G.l General The maintenance recommendations in this annex meet the minimum safety requirements during normal service of aluminium alloy vessels which comply with the requirements of this European Standard. The vessels are used throughout the whole service life of the vehicle or device to which they are fitted, to a maximum of 40 years. At the end of this period, they are dispensed with under the conditions specified in G.10 However, under special circumstances (a series of vehicles being replaced or vehicles destined for a museum), the service life of the vessels may be prolonged subject to suitable surveillance specified in G.9. The service surveillance of the vessels complying with this European Standard is carried out during periodic inspections or revisions to the vehicle or the device fitted with it, under the following conditions.
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F.5.2 Fixing by two straps They should be located as close as possible to the circular welds without, however, obscuring them as they should remain visible once the vessel has been fixed.
I Table F.2 Tightening torques

Diameter of vessel
I
M20
Maximum tightening torque daN.m Fastener diameter M10 M12 M16
mm
< 450 450 < Do < 600 > 600
0,3
0,35 0,5
0,65
035
1.2
Not for Resale
Page 32
EN 286-4 : 1994
6 . 2 Vessels used at: Ps 5 6 bar
I Table G.l Service surveillance of vessels used at P, I6 bar

~
I
Removal Method and sanction
Maximum interval between 2 operations
Operation
In a scheduled examination before 600000 km" or 6 years -24 years on the occasion of a revision
External visual inspection and drainage Internal and external inspection
No
G.4
I No
I G.4 and G.5
"This period may be extended to a maximum of 6 years if the vessel is protected against external attacks, for example if it is installed in a n enclosure or is an integral part of the apparatus.
6 . 3 Vessels used at: 6 bar < P ,
< 10 bar
m G . 2 Service surveillance of vessels used at 6 bar < P , I 10 bar

Maximum interval between 2 operations Operation Removal Method and sanction
I
No
6.4
In a scheduled examination before 2 years and 8 weeks'' 24 years on the occasion of a revision
External visual inspection and drainage Internal and external inspection
I No
I 6.4 and 6 . 5
"This period may be extended to a maximum of 6 years if the vessel is protected against external attacks, for example if it is installed in an enclosure or is a n integral part of the apparatus.
In addition, the satisfactory performance of these vessels is ensured by an annual sampling examination under the following conditions.
Population o f vessels concerned
Sample
Removal
Method and sanction
Vessels of the same type, from whole vehicle fleet or from items they are fitted to, more than 20 years old
G.4 External inspection 6.4.1 Cleaning Vessels that are particularly dirty should be cleaned so as to permit examination of the walls under acceptable conditions. Cleaning by air blast should be carried out until all dirt is completely removed. If a cleaning agent is used, it should not be aggressive to aluminium alloys. 6.4.2 Examination of marking If the marks specified in clause 7 are illegible, the vessel should be rejected.
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1% rounded to the nearest whole number
Yes
G.6 and 6 . 7
If a data plate is deformed as a result of impact or oxidation, but the marks are still visible, it may be replaced. Conformity to the original marking should be certified by the affixing of the expert's stamp. If a new plate is welded on to the vessel, the vessel should undergo a pressure test in accordance with 11.3.
G.4.3 Inspection of the walk G.4.3.1 Deformation and irregularities If the walls of the vessel show localized deformations or irregularities resulting mainly from impacts, the vessel should be rejected if these deformations or irregularities exceed the tolerances given in G.4.3.1.1 and G.4.3.1.2.
Not for Resale
CEN ENx28b-4
94
3404587 008b870 4 9 9
Page 33
EN 286-4 : 1994
G.4.3.1.1 Dished ends Deformations and irregularities should not: a) have any sharp angles (radius less than half the knuckle radius); b) be located on the welds or at a tangent to them; c) be located more than 0,4D, from the centre of the end; dj have a depth greater than U100 of the vessel diameter. G.4.3.1.2 Shell wall Deformation and irregularities should not: a) connect with the surrounding surface with slopes greater than 25% (14 ) or with roundings or radius less than half the knuckle radius ; b) be deeper than: - 1/50 of the vessel diameter and width less than 4 times the depth; - 1/25 of the vessel diameter for other cases. G.4.3.2 Corrosion The process of electrochemical corrosion of the walls of the vessels can only start as a result of a defect in the electrical insulation of the h i n g . This type of corrosion always starts from the outside of the vessel. The vessel should therefore be visually examined to check: a) that the external surface of the vessel will be protected until the next scheduled inspection at the intervals stated in G.2 and G.3 and if not, the protection should be re-applied; b) for presence of corrosion. If any corrosion is of a depth equal to or greater than 1/10 of the wall thickness, the vessel should be rejected. If the vessel is not rejected, the surface protection and, if necessary, the electrical insulation of the fastening described in G.4.4 should be re-applied. G.4.3.3 Other cases leading to rejection of the vessel If there is doubt about the seriousness of the defects listed above, or if the vessel has other discontinuities which may adversely affect its strength, it should be rejected. G.4.4 Inspection of the fixings If it is observed that a strap is broken or cracked it should be replaced. Welded repairs are not permitted. Check the value of the electrical insulation resistance between the straps and the vessels greater than 700 kR. If not, replace the defective insulation. Inspect for traces of corrosion on the vessel walls, particularly at the strap points, in accordance with G.4.3.2.
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G.5 Internal examination Internal inspection of the vessel walls is carried out with suitable apparatus, such as an endoscope for example. If traces of corrosion are detected, their extent should be assessed. Any pitting of depth equal to or greater than 1/10 of the wall thickness should lead to rejection of the vessel. If there is doubt about the assessment of the depth of the corrosion, suitable apparatus for measuring the wall thickness should be used, for example ultrasonic apparatus. If the extent of the corrosion does not lead to rejection of the vessel but is located in an area corresponding to an external area where traces of corrosion have already been detected, but without leading to rejection of the vessel, this vessel should be rejected. G.6 Detailed inspection and hydrostatic test G.6.1 General These operations should be carried out by competent approved personnel. G.6.2 Detailed inspection Detailed inspection of a vessel entails its removal. Before carrying out the various phases of the inspection, the vessel should be examined to see if there are any defects which might lead to its rejection. G.6.2.1 Preparation Internal and external walls of the vessel should be exposed by careful cleaning, if necessary using chemical cleaning agents which are not aggressive to aluminium alloys. G.6.2.2 Internal and external inspection The internal and external inspection of the walls should be carried out in accordance with the provisions in G.4 and G.5 with the specified consequences. In addition, if any crack, discontinuity in the weld seams or deterioration of the internal threads of the inspection openings or pipe connection branches are detected, the vessel should be replaced. G.6.3 Hydrostatic test The vessel which has satisfactorily undergone the detailed inspection should then be subjected to a hydrostatic test under the conditions described in 11.3 of this standard. Once the vessel has successfully undergone the hydrostatic test, it should be stamped by the representative of the approved inspection body, or by the accredited representative, who witnessed the test.
Not for Resale
Page 34
EN 286-4 : 1994
He atxes: a) the date of the test (last 2 digits of the year); b) his stamp.
6.6.4 Return to service Vessels having successfully undergone the detailed inspection and hydrostatic test may be refitted to the vehicle or device.
G.10 Rejection Any vessel rejected during the surveillance operation or as a result of 6.8 should be rendered unusable by puncturing its walls to the right of the marking by means of a blow torch. Marking stamped in the metal or on a plate welded to the wall of the vessel should be rendered illegible. G.11 Filing of results of examination, inspection and tests Results of examination, inspections and hydrostatic tests should be recorded in a maintenance register, or by any means of storing and analysing them. The results of analyses of sanctions following the detailed inspections and hydrostatic tests should be recorded. It should be possible to submit all the results on request at any time to the representative of the approved body on intervention by the national administration.
6.12 Responsibilities The service surveillance operations on the vessels should be carried out on the responsibility of the railway companies and under the control of and under the conditions fixed by the competent administrative authority.
6.7 Analysis of the results of the annual sampling on 1%of the population of a specific type of vessel Every 2 years, the results of the detailed inspections and hydrostatic tests which the vessels undergo and which are covered by 1% sampling and visual inspections should be analysed by a competent administrative authority. Measures sampling should be taken if the results of the 1% and internal inspections show a significant trend. 6.8 Withdrawal of vehicles or devices to which the vessel is fitted When a vehicle or device to which the vessel is fitted is withdrawn, the vessel should be discarded. G.9 Special cases of vessels fitted to a series of vehicles being phased out, vehicles intended for a museum, or vehicles kept in service for historical reasons Vessels fitted to these vehicles may be maintained in service beyond 40 years subject to the following provisions : a) vessels removed after 40 years; b) vessels then removed every 10 years thereafter ; in order to subject them to the operations described in 6.6.
Not for Resale
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3404589 0086474 400
BS EN
28&4 : 1995
BSI - British Standards Institution

BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.
Contract requirements A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.
Any person who finds an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard should bring it to the attention of the Quality Manager, BSI without delay so that the matter may be investigated swiftly. BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards.
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Buying standards
Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services, Sales Department at Chiswick: -1: 0181 996 7000; Fax: 0181 996 7001. In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested.
Information on standards
BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library, the Standardline Database, the BSI Information Rchnology Service (BITS) and its lkchnical Help to Exporters Service. Contact the Information Department at Chiswick: Tel: 0181 996 7111; Fax: 0181 996 7048. Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For details of these and other benefits contact Customer Services, Membership at Chiswick: Rl: 0181 996 7002; Fax: 0181 996 7001.
Copyright
Copyright subsists in all BSI publications and no part may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BSI. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard of necessary details such as symbols and size, type or grade designations including use by incorporation into computer programs, but where these details are reproduced including without limitation in printed form, in computer programs or in any other form whatsoever, the permission in writing of BSI must be obtained and if granted will be on terms including royalty, before the product is sold, licensed or otherwise exploited for commercial gain. Enquiries about copyright should be made to the Copyright Manager at Chiswick.
BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL

9502 - 8 - 0.45k - F'P
ISBN O 580 21850 3
PVEl17
Not for Resale
C E N EN*286-4 74 m 3404587 0 0 8 6 8 7 2 261

BS EN 2864 : 1995
National annex NA (informative) Committees responsible

The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee PVE/ 17 upon which the following bodies were represented: Associated Offices Technical Committee BEAMA Ltd. British Compressed Air Society British Railways Board British Steel Industry Department of Trade and Industry (Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing Technology Division (Mmt)) Electricity Industry in United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive Independent Engineering Insurers Committee Process Plant Association Railway Industry Association of Great Britain Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited Transmission and distribution Association (BEAMA Limited)
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National annex NB (informative) Cross-references

Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard
EN 287-2
EN EN EN EN
288-1 288-2 288-4 10025
EN 26520 IS0 228-1

IS0 261
IS0 4520
BS EN 287 Approval testing of welders for.fusion welding Part 2 A l u m i n i u m and a l u m i n i u m alloys BS EN 288 Specification and approval of welding procedures f o r metallic materials Part 1. General rules-forfusion welding Part 2. Welding procedure specification f o r arc welding Part 4. Welding procedure tests f o r arc welding of a l u m i n i u m and its alloys BS EN 10025 Hot rolled products of non-alloy structural steels. Technical deliverry conditions BS EN 26520 Classtyication of imperfections in metallic f u s i o n welds, with explanations BS 2779 Specification for pipe threads f o r tubes and fittings where pressure-tight joints are not mude on the threads (metric dimensions) BS 3643 IS0 metric screw threads Part 1 Principles and basic data BS 6338 Specification f o r chromate conversion coatings o n electroplated zinc and cadmium coatings
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BS en 286-4-1995 Simple Unfired Pressure Vessels Designed To Contain Air or Nitrogen Part 4. Aluminium Alloy Pressure Vessels

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BS en 286-4-1995 Simple Unfired Pressure Vessels Designed To Contain Air or Nitrogen Part 4. Aluminium Alloy Pressure Vessels

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CEN E N x 2 8 b - 4 - 9 4

Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or nitrogen

UDC 621 642.02-98-034 715 629.4-5yZ 620 1 62-777

Not for Resale

Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 February 1995

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EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36,B-1050Brussels

Ref. No. EN 286-4 : 1994 E

Not for Resale

Page 3 EN 286-4 : 1994

Not for Resale

CEN E N x 2 8 b - 4 9 4 W 3404.589 O D 8 b 8 4 L 698 W

mm mm mm N/mm2 Nmm' mm "C "C 1

Not for Resale

CEN EN*Z&b-4 94 W 3 4 0 4 5 8 9 O086842 5 2 4

Table 1. Aluminium alloy materials

AlMg2Mn0,8 AlMg3 AlMg3Mn 1 AlMg4 AlMg4,5Mn0,7

100 100 100

Minimum proof stress

90 100 loo W 60 s 1204) 75 125 1

Not for Resale

Figure 1 . Position of longitudinal welds on the bottom of the shell

Drainage point or reference mark on the Lower part

K, 20f P The minimum design stress shall be taken from table 1.

Figure 2 . Position of longitudinal welds on the shell

5 . 1 . 3 Design of the ends 5 . 1 . 3 . 1 Shape and dimensions of the ends

Table 2. Height of the cylindrical portion of ends

5 . 1 . 3 . 2 Heat treatment after forming

Not for Resale

CEN ENx28b-4 9 4 W 3404589 0 0 8 6 8 4 4 3T7

< r (nominal) < 0,150,

Figure 3. Torispherical end

b) Calculate hJD, with he the smaller of the three values:

Calculate he/D,, with he = smallest of 3 values: a) h

+ Do - + ,( / D o = (3,38) + 400 = eh = 79,24

J(400 - 40)' - [400/2 - 3,38 - 4012

(Do- r)' - (D,/2 - e h =eh+Do(take eh = ecs + (3).

NOTE. 0,3 is the minus rolling tolerance for the sheet.

when echis taken as equal to ecs= 20f P = 3,08

giving he = 79,24 and he/D, = 0,198 From figure 4: ech/Do= 0,0101

0,0101 x 400 = 4,04.

5.1.5 Weldedjoints of shells and ends

Not for Resale

Figure 4. Theoretical curves for dished ends

5.1.5.2 Circular welds

0,300 0,350 0,400

Not for Resale

Page 9 EN 286-4 : 1994

Figure 5. Butt weld with centre lines aligned

Figure 6. Butt weld with centre lines offset

Not for Resale

= 3404589 0086847 006

Page 10 EN 286-4 : 1994

Figure l l a . Reinforcement of cylindrical shell with boss

Figure l l b . Reinforcement of spherical shell with boss

Figure l l c . Reinforcement of spherical shell by reinforcing plate and boss

Figure 11. Reinforcement of opening

Not for Resale

Figure 12. Fixing of a boss by an external weld

Figure 13. Fixing of a boss by internal and external welds

Figure 14. Fixing of a boss by internal and external fillet welds