1. Dr. Tranquilino lvarez Pramo Psychiatrist. Defense Mechanisms 2. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). Founder of modern psychiatry. Father of Psychoanalysis.

Austrian neurologist. I consult patients whose symptoms could not be explained. Formulation of theories. Home hypnotic techniques 3. Psychoanalysis Theory psychic apparatus that provides a comprehensive approach for the compression of psychic development, emotion and behavior and psychiatric illness. 4. Structural Theory ... (dynamic balance) and pulse Depositary Consciousness basic stimuli. Rational expectations mediator between the superego and the id pressures for gratification. YO THIS superego Psychic Apparatus 5. YO THIS SUPEREGO psychological stress and functional symptoms 6. Anatomy Physiology Association Psychoanalysis Psychology Psychosexual Development: "A person has to perform a series of tasks from infancy to adulthood in order to achieve psychological health." 7. A crucial contribution of Freud to the modern understanding of mental illness, IS THAT THE CAUSE TRAUMA DURING DEVELOPMENT psychopathology in adulthood. 8. PSYCHOTHERAPY Psychoanalysis as a treatment ... Abstinence Rule Interpretation: Expose patient's psychic life Unconscious mental life layer existed outside of consciousness, but still influenced emotions and behavior. HIDDEN SECRETS 9. Formation of symptoms ... Freud hypothesized that mental symptoms arose when conflicting emotions like hate or love, affection or passivity production unmanageable distress. He postulated that psychic conflict created an energy imbalance in the psychic apparatus or anxiety. 10. Sign of anxiety induced the psychic apparatus to relieve anxiety by transferring the consciousness we have of the conflict, to the unconscious. REPRESSION neurotic symptom symptom formation as a defense mechanism 11. They are unconscious mechanisms that are responsible for minimizing the consequences of an event too intense, so that the individual can continue to operate normally. 12. The term defense was described by Freud in 1894 as I struggle against the ideas and emotions that the dispute in the fight may come from both the exterior and interior of the subject, and that dims or goes to take away the suffering. Defense Mechanisms 13. Features: Rebalancing the internal and external realities. Regulate their ability to satisfy the urges. Facilitate adaptation, socialization and contact with reality. Maintaining the state of firmness and allow the personality development. Reconciling the interests of the id and the superego. Protect emotional balance. 14. How do they work? The whole process activation or neutralization defensive relegation usually involves an expenditure of vital energy in the energy invested in defensive attitudes can not be applied to other purposes. Defense mechanisms can distort reality external internal or produce distortion between affect and idea and between subject and object. However, though not always, can be recognized and modified by the subject. 15. DISCLAIMER: representation consists avoid unpleasant but not annulling or rejecting it, but by denying the reality of the performance itself. Pathological. Prince basis of neurosis. Motivates the appearance of defense mechanisms. Unconscious: literally erases an unpleasant reality consciousness or anxiety-provoking. Axis.: A patient who is diagnosed with a terminal illness, it "forgets" to have recieved the information.

16. Sublimation is the transformation of an unacceptable impulse, either sex, anger, fear or any other, in a socially acceptable, even productive. The impulse is channeled into a more acceptable form, is derived to a new order. Redirects an unacceptable impulse into an acceptable manner of conduct. For example, a child's desire for display, can be sublimated by a career in the theater. 17. Reaction formation: Is changing an unacceptable impulse by its opposite. Is the development of attitudes or character traits exactly opposite of what the subject needs to deny it. If a subject very cruel instincts unconsciously lives, which is a behavior may appear overly compassionate. The characteristic of a reaction formation is exaggeration. "BELIEF IN THE OPPOSITE" Ahem: an ex-smoker zealously supported the new law of "no smoking". 18. DISPLACEMENT: Impulse towards a person or a certain situation that is directed toward an object "safer" less oppressive. Choosing the replacement as available objects, previous fixations, or social norms. Misdirection. This is what usually happens to people who get even their frustrations with their pets. For example, a resident is humiliated by a doctor on call and angry with their subordinates and internal medical students. 19. PROJECTION: Impulse or affection or anxiety-provoking unacceptable moves to another subject or situation. Understands the tendency to see in others. Paranoid personalities. Understands the tendency to see in others those desires unacceptable to us. Example: If a child is watching television with his mother and says this: "Mom change the channel because this movie is horror and" you "you are afraid. 20. Rationalization: Used an acceptable explanation for a feeling or behavior in order to mask the underlying motive or impulse unacceptable. It replaces real reason is not acceptable, with one that is acceptable. Give justifications "good" or socially valid for our behavior rather than real reasons. Example: An obese man believed to overeat at a party not to offend their hosts. 21. Intellectualization: The process by which the subject tries to give an abstract discursive form their emotions, feelings, thoughts, desires and conflicts, in order to control and prevent the emergence of intolerable ideas. Act to avoid "feeling" refuge in the "thinking". It is a thought of a theoretical and abstract. In the context of the subject as psychodiagnostic thus used to maintain distance, and neutralize the affects. Example: The defensive player of the football team after a loss and avoid feelings of guilt and inadequacy, meticulous and logically explains the details of his strategic errors. 22. REPRESSION: Material is removed from disturbing psychological consciousness secondarily or, primarily, is not allowed to become conscious. Is to reject out of awareness anything (ideas, impulses or events) that is painful, painful or unacceptable to the subject, unconsciously forgetting, though never quite as it is submerged in the unconscious. "Motivated forgetting". Dangerous. The act of repression determines a conflict between the ego and the id, the repressed will steadily push to seek their satisfaction and I must oppose a countercharge, which causes a loss of energy for Self. A neurotic subject is one that is subject to intense action of defense mechanisms. Example: repressed memories and feelings with child sexual abuse emerge into consciousness, when adult, the patient sees a movie about a woman who has been raped. 23. INSULATION: A mechanism by which divorcing memories of feelings, as a way to cope with the facts. An episode is determined separately for private or awareness of its significance or emotional charge. People methodical and controlled. (Obsessive-compulsive). A person may

remember an event that happened in his childhood very painful or traumatic, but indifferently account without any emotional charge, and in addition to lost all connection with other similar events, the person serves to keep out of consciousness associations can live as undesirable, that is what I would not want to know or remember. Example: a veteran has time and again as he saw a friend killed, but speaking in a voice cold and distant. Has "isolated" and "repressed" intense fear and horror (affection) that might accompany the memory. 24. Withdrawal: It is the intentional suppression of unpleasant conscious material. Adaptive mechanism or coping strategy, in which desires, impulses and ideas are kept at bay without using repression. Example: a medical student leaves the first part of the exam with a sense of having failed. Decides not to worry about it until they get the results anyway because accomplish nothing. 25. HUMOR: It is a conscious and unconscious defense allowing better tolerate in consciousness to the material that removes unpleasant effects. those experiences, sensations, representations and understandings of reality whose story the amusement and joy. Example: a patient is subject vociferous laughter and mocking imitation in the privacy of the office. 26. SPIN: Ambivalence; which have been divided into good and bad. For example, in a hospital setting, the patient may idealize some members of the medical team and despise others. 27. Passive aggression: A cryptic mode and sometimes almost imperceptible handling. These are people who do not dare to attack in a direct way, and then resort to subterfuge. Associated with manipulation and emotional blackmail, and often to violence, but in the other direction. Sometimes violent behaviors are a response "usual" situations sustained passive aggression. Anger against themselves. Masochism. Example: slash his wrists. 28. ACTION: Patients expressed wishes or unconscious conflicts directly through action, not to be aware of any idea or accompanying affection. Starting from an internalization to know the principle that character and bring it from the bottom and turn it into an integrated character. Example: plays. 29. Projective identification: one aspect is to assimilate or quality of another person, becoming wholly or partially by model, in a sense is a form of imitation that is sometimes done consciously. When unconscious, this is the true defense mechanism. Borderline Personality Disorder. For example, if you leave a child alone very often, he tries to become the "father" in order to lessen their fears. Sometimes we see them playing with their dolls telling them not to be afraid 30. REGRESSION: A mechanism leading to regain previous levels of development, more childish. Usually occurs as a result of traumatic experiences. For example, the behavior of children when a sibling is born (thumb sucking, wetting, etc..). Condensation is a mechanism by which the unconscious elements meet in a single image or object. Is the concentration of multiple meanings in a single symbol. 31. CANCELLATION: The performance of a particular act to override or fix the meaning of an earlier one. Its purpose is to undo the damage that the subject may have caused unconsciously imagine. It may be a subject that has strong hostile impulses toward that person yet consciously want (ambivalence). There are two parts, the first of which gives satisfaction to the aggressive instinct (Death Wish), vanishes in the second made it in the first. Example: A man was seen driven obsessively pray during a serious illness of his mother, but at the end of the prayer was given a tap on the mouth, an act which sought to nullify the positive effect of prayer.

32. Introjection: Is parallel to the projection mechanism, the ego of the subject will perceive it as their own, something that truly belongs to another. The result is the identification introjection. The object is introjected as if I would join the subject and will be part of it is the mechanism by which a person incorporates elements of the personality of another. 33. Asceticism: Is the resignation of needs is one of the defenses that fewer have heard, but it has become fashionable again with the emergence of the disorder called anorexia. Pre-teens, when they feel threatened by their emerging sexual desires, may unconsciously protect themselves by denying not only their sexual desires, but all desires. So, embark on a life like monks, with a tendency ascetic where disclaim any interest in what others disclaim. 34. COMPENSATION: Your aim is to balance an area deficient or frustrated highlighting another. There are three grades: 1 - The focus is on balancing the fault or failure. 2 - They develop other capabilities. 3 - dummy is compensation, which tends to appear more than they are. 35. CONSIDER HOW resistance in Gestalt psychotherapy? When we play defense mechanisms of the human being, the body that supports them will react. For something this organization has chosen such mechanisms, protecting from intrusion that would break a precarious balance or imbalance that has all the appearance of balance. 36. Consequently the agency will use resistance or defense mechanisms. These resistors are five: Confluence. Deflection. Retroflexion. Introjection. Projection 37. In Gestalt therapy resistance are not necessarily pathological, but rather are considered forms of energy oriented. Before exercising resistance, this energy may well be in the sense of an adaptation or a legitimate protection 38. The goal of Gestalt therapy is, therefore, in the person making the most of their energy use, thereby increasing their ability to contact and potential. 39. The aim therefore get a "creative adjustment" in the interaction between the person and the rest of the world, focusing on the experience. 40. Resistance is a blocker or shifter energy that a person must learn to use for herself in a holistic manner. Thus, someone who fears contact with others will use a lot of energy to protect set different contacts in their daily lives.