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CORRECT ANSWERS MICROBIOLOGY

1- C Comments: S. Pneumoniae, H. Influenza and M. Catarlis are the most common agent causative of sinusitis. 2- A Comments: E. Coli is a bacillus gram-negative bacterium, the most common causative agent of UTI. 3- B Comments: Penicillin V is narrow spectrum penicillin effective only against gram-positive bacterias. 4- E Comments: Staphylococcus are gram-negative bacterias normally penicillin resistant agents and may cause a condition called methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. 5- E Comments: Schistosomiasis is a blood fluke disease caused by schistosoma and characterized by cirrhoses of liver, jaundice and bleeding. 6- A Comments: Granulomatus is any small nodular delimitated aggregation of mononuclear inflammatory cells representing a chronic inflammatory response that may be initiated my mycobacterium. 7- B Comments: Treponema palladium is the most common causative agent of chancre. 8- D Comments: Rubella is a viral infection caused by a togavirus. 9- C Comments: Corynebacterium is the causative agent of diphtheria.

10- D Comments: Yersenia is a tribe of gram-negative, facultatevely anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, consisting of the single genus Yersenia that causes plague. 11- B Comments: Streptococcus is gram-negative bacteria therefore contain taechoic acid on its cell wall. 12- D Comments: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive of bacteria not sexually transmitted. 13- E Comments: All Neisseria gonorrhea, Treponema palladium, Molluscum contagious and Chlamydia trachomatus are organisms that may be transferred from mother to her babies during labor. 14- A Comments: Clostridium perfringenes is a gram-negative anaerobic organism that may cause gas gangrene 15- C Comments: Nosocomial infection is pertaining to or originating in the hospital; said of infections not present or incubating prior to admittance to the hospital normally caused by Staphylococcus aureus. 16- D Comments: legionella gram-negative bacteria cause Legionnaires disease. 17- D Comments: S. pneumoniae is one of the most common causative agents of community-acquires pneumonia. 18- D Comments: Escherichia coli may also cause community-acquired pneumonia however it is not one of the most common agents. 19- A Comments: Eukariotic organism has a defined nucleon while prokaryotic organism lack nucleon.

20- A Comments: Chlamydia trachomatus is the most common causative agent of ophthalmic neonate infection in Canada, normally treated by erythromycin. 21- B Comments: Herpes is a viral infection caused by herpes virus and transmitted from one to other only by direct contact with lesions. 22- B Comments: Streptococcus viridian is the major causative agent of endocarditis, an exudative and proliferative inflammatory alteration of the endocardium. 23- D Comments: 23- Tinca pedis is a fungal agent that may cause Athletics foot. 24- A Comments: Rabies is an acute infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by a rhabdovirus, and usually spread by contamination with virus-laden saliva of bites inflicted by rabid animals. 25- B Comments: 90% of the bacterias found in colon are anaerobic and 10% normally are aerobics. 26- E Comments: Effective treatments of chickenpox include calamine lotion, miceller colloidal bath and diphenhydramine. 27- A Comments: Clostridium is a gram-positive anaerobic agent therefore may cause anaerobic infections. 28- E Comments: Corynobacteria is a gram-positive bacteria normally causing a disease called diphtheria. 29- B Comments: V. colerae is an example of gram-negative bacteria.

30- C Comments: Bacteria may be classified as aerobic, growing in the presence of oxygen or anaerobic when grows without the presence of oxygen therefore the statement saying Bacterias grows only in the presence of oxygen is false. 31- E Comments: Gram-negative bacterias are constituted of double bilayer phospholipid cell wall and gram-positive of one bilayer phospholipid cell wall therefore gram-negative agents have a stronger cell wall. 32- B Comments: Virus may cause acute illness (cold and influenza), lifelong latency illness and long-term reactivation illness (herpes), and chronic illness (AIDS) as well. 33- A Comments: Herpes virus may cause an illness called herpes characterized by lifelong latency and long-term reactivation. 34- D Comments: Endocarditis is mainly caused by streptococcus viridians. 35- D Comments: Mycoplasma is similar to bacteria organisms that differ mainly due to lack of cell wall. 36- C Comments: Ergosterol is the main substance present in the cell wall of a fungi organism. 37- E Comments: Helmints are multicellular organisms with complex life cycles normally infecting the intestine and other tissues. Examples of helmints include schistossome, ascaris hookworms and strongholds. 38- C Comments: Streptococcus pyogens and Staphylococcus aureus are the most often causative agents of bacterial skin infections that may include impetigo,

follculitis, cellulites and erysipelas. Escherichia coli may cause a skin infection called Fournier gangrene however it is not commonly involved in skin infections. 39- A Comments: Common wart is a kind of skin infection caused by papilloma virus. 40- D Comments: Varicella also known as chickenpox is a skin viral infection highly contagious due to herpes virus and characterized a typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. 41- B Comments: HSV-1 is the most common agent causative of encephalitis. Other causative agents may include HSV-2, CMV, rabies, mumps, measles and echovirus. 42- C Comments: Meningitis can be classified as viral and bacterial depending the agent causative that may include M. and S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, listeria among others agents in bacterial meningitis, and HSV-1 and 2 in viral meningitis. 43- D Comments: Osteoporosis is neither bacterial nor viral infection. It is a disease characterized by loss of bone mass not associated with causative organisms. 44- E Comments: Osteomyelitis is normally a secondary bacterial infection of bones and bone marrow. The first infection is normally caused by wound, surgery, an open fracture or a presence of a foreign body in the body as platinum infected by S. aureus, S. epidermis and P. aeruginosa. Most of the cases are treated with vancomycin. 45- A Comments: Rhinovirus is the most common agent causative of viral colds.

46- E Comments: S. pneumoniae, H. influenza and M.cataharlis are all causative agents of otite media. 47- C Comments: Pseudomonas is a common agent causative of otite extern normally called swimmers ear infection 48- E Comments: Glaucoma is caused by intraocular pressure. 49- D Comments: H. pylori is a gram-negative bacteria common causative agent of peptic ulcer and gastric complications in the stomach. 50- B Comments: Rotavirus Norwalk virus is the main virus implicated in viral diarrhea. 51- E Comments: Food Poisoning is a common infection of the large intestine caused by many different organisms that may include S. aureus, Salmonella, Shigella and E. coli as the most common agents. They cause the infection by producing enterotoxin or invading the gut mucosa or both. 52- C Comments: Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum; a condition marked by exudation in the peritoneum of serum, fibrin, cells and pus. It is attended by abdominal pain and tenderness, constipation, vomiting and moderate fever mainly caused by E. coli and Bactereoids. 53- A Comments: Clostridium difficile is the most common causative agent of pseudomenbranous colitis, a colitis inflammation associated with the used of antibiotics. 54- E

Comments: Travels diarrhea is a gastroenteritis condition in travelers normally caused by bacteria endemic to local water. E. coli and shigella are the main causative organisms. 55- D Comments: P. aeruginosa is not a causative agent of malaria. 56- E Comments: Organisms naturally present in the normal skin flora include Streptococcus epidermis, Streptococcus difteroids and Proprionobacterium. 57- C Comments: Mycoplasma differs from bacteria by the lack of cell wall. Penicillins are antibiotics inhibitor of cell wall synthesis, therefore cannot be used against mycoplasma because these organisms lack cell wall.

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