Sei sulla pagina 1di 13

INTRODUCTION

This is the project where light and music are combined in an interesting manner. In this project it is shown how to set up two rows of light that illuminates to different frequencies of sound. When the music is put up , light dance all around. Every piece of music has its own, unique effect. This project helps us to know more about the frequency filters and working of operational amplifiers. PROJECT OVERVIEW:Heres an overview of the project,

Put together an electronic circuit to turn on the LEDs in response to sounds. Half of the LEDs will flash to high-frequency sounds, and the other half will flash to lowfrequency sounds.

Wire two groups of LEDs and resistors. Two LEDs array has to be put.

Pop the battery and flip the switch, and then turn on the music. The circuit sends current to each group of LEDs response to the music.

CIRCUIT COMPONENTS ANALYSIS:-

AND

MARKET

The circuit that transforms music into your dancing light show involves the following parts:components specification resistors No. Of componen ts used 2.2K (R1) 1 220 (R11-R14 8 R28-R31) 8 100 (R15-R18 2 R32-R35) 4 10K (R7 , R24) 2 47K(R3,R4,R20,R 2 21) 2 100K (R5,R22) 2 2K (R2,R19) 2 5K (R6,R23) 1K (R9 ,R26) 220K (R10,R27) LM358 (IC1 ,IC2) 2 8 2N3904 (Q1-Q8) Cost in Rs. 1 8 8 2 4 2 2 2 2 2

Opamps Transistors

16 32

Potentiomet 10K (R7,R24) ers Capacitors 0.1uF (C1,C4) 0.01uF (C3) 10uf (C2,C6) Microphone EM9745-38 LEDs T-1 34 LEDs Switch Power 1.5V supply wire Single strand Total cost

2 2 1 2 1 16 1 4 1 bundle

10 2 1 2 8 16 5 32 30 187

WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT:


The circuit starts with an electret microphone, which transforms sound into electrical signals. _ R1 connects the microphone to positive voltage and supplies about 4.5 volts required by the microphone to function. _ C1 and C2 are capacitors that block the DC voltage on the input signal and allow the AC signal to pass. _ At this point, the circuit splits: The signal processed by the upper half of the circuit powers the LEDs blinking in response to highfrequency sound; the signal flowing through the lower half of the circuit powers the LEDs blinking in response to low-frequency sound. _ IC1 is an operational amplifier (op amp) that amplifies the signal from

the microphone. The IC contains two op amps; one half of IC1 is used in the upper circuit, and one half of IC1 is used in the lower circuit. _ R2 and R5 in the upper circuit and R19 and R22 in the lower circuit set the gain for each side of IC1. Because R5 is 50 times R2, a signal processedby the op amp is amplified approximately 50 times. Gain is the amplitude of the voltage out divided by the amplitude of the voltage in: in other words, how much more juice goes out than comes in. _ R3, R4, and R6 in the upper circuit and R20, R21, and R23 in the lower circuit provide a DC bias to the op amp that allows the full AC signal to be amplified. If these resistors were not there, the portion of the AC signal coming into the op amp with voltage less than 0 volts would be lost.
Bias involves applying voltage that is above ground to a

portion of the circuit to amplify both the positive and negative sides of a signal. Without DC bias, you would lose part of the signal. _ C2 and C5 remove any DC bias from the signal coming out of the op amps. _ R7 and R24 are potentiometers that allow you to adjust the sensitivity of the circuit in relation to how loud the music is.

_ C3 and R8 function as a high pass filter, and R25 and C6 function as a low pass filter. These filters are what make higher-frequency sounds light up LEDs 18 and lower-frequency sounds light up LEDs 916. _ IC2 is an op amp that is used to amplify the signal that passes through the filter. The IC contains two op amps; one half of IC1 is used in the upper circuit, and one half of IC1 is used in the lower circuit. _ R9 and R10 in the upper circuit and R26 and R27 in the lower circuit set the gain of the op amp. Because R10 is 200 times R9, a signal processed by the op amp is amplified approximately 200 times. _ Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 in the upper circuit and Q5, Q6, Q7, and Q8 in the lower circuit are 2N3904 transistors whose bases are connected to the output of the op amps in IC2. When the output of the op amp reaches about 0.7 volts, the transistors turn on, and current flows through the LEDs.

`BLOCK

DIAGRAMBLBLBBB

BLOCK EXPLAINATIONINPUT:-- After biasing the opamp , when music is


played , it will act as an analog input to the circuit. The input is taken through the microphone and it acts as a transducer which converts sound to electrical signal. For the microphone to function , it is connected to Vcc via R1 which would supply around 4.5V to the circuit.

COMPARATOR:-- The capacitor will act as dc filters


which would allow only AC signal to enter to the capacitor. Here , the comparator compares the input with the reference and send the amplified version of the output to the high or low pass filter. The IC contains two op amps; one half of IC1 is used in the upper circuit, and one half of IC1 is used in

the lower circuit. R2 and R5 in the upper circuit and R19 and R22 in the lower circuit setthe gain for each side of IC1. Because R5 is 50 times R2, a signal processed by the op amp is amplified approximately 50 times. Similarly ,IC2 is also divided into upper and lower circuit and used in the same manner. FILTER:-- The portion of the circuit made up of C3 and R8 is an RC high pass filter. signals above a certain frequency determined by the value of C3 and R8 pass through more easily than signals below that frequency.The strength of signal below this key frequency is therefore reduced. This type of filter is made up of the capacitor in line with the signal path and the resistor between the outputof the signal and ground. Correspondingly, the portion of the circuit made up Of R25 and C6 is an RC low pass filter. Here, signals below a certain frequency determined by the value of R25 and C6 pass through more easily than signals above that frequency. The strength of signals above this key frequency are reduced. This type of filter has the resistor in linewith the signal path and the capacitor between the output of the resistor and ground.

AMPLIFIER:--

In both the upper half and lower half circuit the output of the filters are connected to noninverting amplifier which would just amplify the output generated by the filters. R9 and R10 in the upper circuit and R26 and R27 in the lower circuit set the gain of the op amp. Because R10 is 200 times R9, a signal processed by the op amp is amplified approximately 200 times.

OUTPUT:--

Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 in the upper circuit and Q5, Q6, Q7, and Q8 in the lower circuit are 2N3904 transistors whose bases are connected to the output of the op amps in IC2. When the output of the op amp reaches about 0.7 volts, the transistors turn on, and current flows through the LEDs. According to the varying input the output current also varies and responding to that varying output current the intensity of the led glow also varies , it looks as if LEDs are dancing.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:--

REFERENCE:-1. Electronics project for dummies....


2. 3.

www.google.com www.electronicforu.com

LIC PROJECT
MAKING LEDs DANCE ON MUSIC

SUBMITTED BY :
ANKITA .A. KAGE 4th semester Roll No:- 40 USN No:2BV08EC095

E&C-A

MY EXPERIENCE :
Being a hardware engineer , we need to have a hands on experience of the circuit designing and implementing it. Our laboratory experiments do provide us required opportunities but the real time application can be only experienced by doing such mini projects. Keeping mini projects every semester as assignment would really help us to grow as an engineer. Its better than writing assignments . Its an easy job to implement the circuit on breadboard but its not that easy to get an output. After putting the circuit on breadboard ,it is necessary that we trace out the problems in the circuit and rectify it successfully. The main concern is to select a project whose components are available in the market . The cost factor has to be kept in mind also. The whole process was a great experience for me because my project was based on using OPAMPS and since in this semester we have LIC as our one of the subjects , I could really understand how the circuit operates. Here, I understood how the high filter , low filter, comparator, non-inverting amplifier works. I had earlier seen the simulated output of these subparts but

I realised that while implementing them we face a lot of problems than simulating. The problems that I faced were about getting the output of the lower frequency music. I tried many times to trace out the problem but failed to do so. Every thing were working properly and there was voltage and current at the collector terminal of 2N3904 transistor but even then I was not getting the output....... But I think I personally learnt a lot doing this project and I hope that this evaluation process continues for the coming E&C juniors also............

Potrebbero piacerti anche