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• A good projectile motion can often be obtained with the assumption that air resistance is
absent.
• In the absent of the air resistance the moving object does not slow down in the
horizontal (x) direction.
• In the vertical (y) direction the projectile experiences the effect of gravity.
• Projectile motion means that ax= 0 and ay equal to the acceleration due to gravity
(9.80 m/s). The range is the horizontal distance traveled between launching and landing,
assuming the projectile returns to the same vertical level at which it launch.
• Total mechanical energy is the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy, and it
obeys the principle of conservation of mechanical energy.
• This principle in situations where there is only translation motion, as when a sled slides
down a frictionless hill.
• Total mechanical energy, Ef at the bottom (hf = 0) is the same as the total mechanical
energy E0 at the top. (h = h0, v0 = 0,ω0 = 0 )
• Since each cylinder rolls without slipping the final rotational speed, ωf and the final
translational speed, vf of its center of mass (ωf = v f /r ) where r is the radius of the
cylinder.
• So,
vf2 =
The translation speed at the bottom of the incline. From the equation,
Hollow cylinder Vf = o
Vf =
= o
Solid Cylinder Vf = o
Vf =
= o
Solid sphere Vf = o
Vf =
= o
The solid cylinder having the greatest translational speed and arrives at the bottom first.
Principle of Conservation of Energy
Aim : To determine the velocity of the moving object and how far it can reach to the
ground.
circle object.
Object
Curve Rail
Table Plasticine
Box
3. Release the marble (solid sphere) from the top of the rail and set the time
as the marble reach at the end of the rail until it touch the plasticine on the
4. Repeat this step with another material with the thin- walled hollow cylinder
and the solid cylinder and set the time exactly the same as the above step.
From the law of conservation of energy, the potential energy of a body of mass, m equals its
kinetic energy that is ;
A body which is moving in a projectile motion with velocity of vx will have a range of:
R = vx t (1.2)
t = time taken
Result
= 86.5 / 0.21
= 411.9 cm/s
= 59.6 / 0.21
= 283.8 cm/s
= 88.2 / 0.18
= 490.0 cm/s
From the experiment, the height of a table is 0.842 m. The translation speed at the bottom of the
incline:
Hollow cylinder Vf = o
Vf =
= 2.87 m/s
Solid Cylinder Vf = o
Vf =
=
=
=3.30 m/s
Solid sphere Vf = o
Vf =
= 4.05 m/s
Conclusion :
1. The solid sphere has a greater speed then solid cylinder and hollow cylinder.
2. From the experiment, the value of speed at curve rail is not same then the value of
translation speed at the bottom of the incline. It is because the different object
influences the value of friction.