Lesson 3

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Fruit and vegetables Fructe si legume Countable and uncountable nouns Substantive numarabile si nenumarabile Some/any How much? How many? Cat/Cate/Cate/Cati? Demonstratives Demonstrative (Pronume si adjective) What would you like for .....? Ce ai vrea la .....

1. Fruit and Vegetables

Vegetables
Aubergine -vanata Beans - fasole Beetroot - sfecla Broccoli - broccoli Brussels sprouts varza de Bruxelles Cabbage - varza Carrot - morcov Cauliflower - conopida Celery - telina Corn - porumb Cucumber - castravete Lettuce salata verde Mushroom - ciuperca Onion - ceapa Olive - masline Parsnip - pastarnac Peas - mazare Peppers ardei gras Potato - cartof Pumpkin - dovleac Radish - ridiche Spinach - spanac Tomato - rosie Garlic - usturoi Courgette/ zucchini - dovlecel lovage - leustean parsley - patrunjel dill - marar orach - loboda Grape - strugure Orange - portocala Pear - para Plum - pruna Pineapple - ananas Watermelon pepene rosu Strawberry capsuna Blueberry - afina kiwi - kiwi lemon - lamaie melon pepene galben peach - piersica cherry - cireasa sour cherry - visina grapefruit - grapefruit currants - coacaze raspberry - zmeura nectarine - nectarina

Fruit
Apple - mar Apricot - caisa Banana - banana Blackberry - mura Fig - smochina 1

2. Countable and uncountable nouns = substantive numarabile si nenumarabile

a)Countable nouns Substantive numarabile
Substantivele numarabile se pot numara, adica au numar. Pot avea atat forme de singular cat si de plural. La plural avem urmatoarele forme: 1. la majoritatea substativelor se adauga -s formei de singular: book, books carte, carti day, days zi, zile house, houses casa, case

2. substantivele in o, ch, sh, s sau x primesc -es: potato, potatoes cartof, cartofi bus, buses autobuz, autobuze church, churches biserica, biserici box, boxes cutie, cutii brush, brushes perie, perii kiss, kisses sarut, saruturi

3. substantivele terminate in consoana + y pierd pe y si primesc -ies: baby, babies bebelus, bebelusi factory, factories fabrica, fabrici fly, flies musca, muste

NOTA: Exista exceptii: kilo, kilos kilogram, kilograme photo, photos poza, poze

4. unele substantive elimina -f/fe de la final si primesc -ves: wife, wives sotie, sotii wolf, wolves lup, lupi
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half, halves jumatate, jumatati thief, thieves hot, hoti 5. Plurale neregulate: foot, feet -picior, picioare man, men barbat, barbati

leaf, leaves frunza, frunze

life, lives viata, vieti

knife, knives cutit, cutite

tooth, teeth dinte, dinti woman, women femeie, femei

goose, geese gasca, gaste

mouse, mice soarece, soareci *child, children copil, copii

person, people om, oameni

6. unele substantive au aceeasi forma la singular si la plural: sheep oaie, oi trout pastrav, pastravi deer caprioara, caprioare

b) Uncountable Nouns Substantive nenumarabile

Substantivele nenumarabile NU pot fi numarate, adica nu au numar. De obicei au numai forma de singular. Se impart in urmatoarele categorii: 1. substantive concrete: water - apa grass - iarba gold - aur wood - lemn glass - glass sand - nisip metal oil - ulei snow - zapada
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paper - hartie silver argint rain - ploaie

bread - paine wine - vin 2. substantive abstracte: love - iubire

milk - lapte fire - foc

coffee - cafea food - mancare

butter - unt salt - sare

beauty - frumusete advice - sfat

hope - speranta purity - puritate courage - curaj

experience - experienta freedom - libertate

information - informatie

NOTA: Work este nenumarabil, dar job este numarabil. Harriet is looking for work. James has two jobs. Harieta cauta de lucru. James are 2 slujbe. Works inseamna: fabrica, parte mecanica, productie literara, fapte sau acte. Mother Teresa of Calcutta is known for her good works. Maica Tereza din Calcutta este cunoscuta pentru operele ei de caritate. My father has the complete works of Victor Hugo in his library. Tatal meu are toate operele lui Victor Hugo in biblioteca lui. ATENTIE: Iata cateva substantive nenumarabile in engleza care in alte limbi se pot deseori numara: advice, baggage, luggage, furniture, damage, hair, shopping, homework, information, knowledge, money, weather, research, progress, business, spaghetti, news bottle - sticla A bottle of wine o sticla de vin ATENTIE: Substativele nenumarabile nu sunt niciodata precedate de expresii de numar (a, an, one, two, three etc.). Iata cateva expresii folosite pentru a indica numarul/cantitatea:

a piece of information / furniture / advice / equipment / glass / paper / news = informatie, mobila, sfat, echipament, pahar, hartie, stire

Bowl - bol, castron box - cutie can cutie ( de conserve) carton cutie de carton cup - ceasca glass - pahar jar - borcan packet pachet tube - tub

A bowl of sugar un bol de zahar A box of cereal o cutie de cereale A can of Coke o cutie de Cola A carton of milk o cutie de lapte A cup of coffee o ceasca de cafea A glass of water un pahar de apa A jar of honey un borcan de miere A packet of butter un pachet de unt A tube of toothpaste un tub de pasta de dinti

5. Cu acest tip de substantive folosim some/any (niste, vreun)

3. Some/any = niste, vreun

- Afirmativ folosim SOME Example: Lets buy some rice. - Negativ folosim ANY Example: I dont want any milk. - Interogativ folosim ANY Example: Do you need any toothpaste?

4. How much?

How many? Cat/Cate/Cate/Cati?

- folosim doar in propozitii negative si interogative ex: How many apples do you have? = Cate mere ai? ex: How much sugar is there in the tea? = Cat zahar este in ceai? - How much folosit cu substantive nenumarabile - How many - folosit cu substantive numarabile

5. Demonstratives Demonstrative (Pronume si adjective)

Number Singular Plural Near This = acesta, acestea These = acestea, acestia Far That = acela, aceea Those = acelea, aceia

Ce ati dori la micul-dejun?

niste paine prajita,

niste cereale,

niste clatite,

niste sunca si oua

As vrea niste paine prajita la micul-dejun.

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Ati vrea niste lapte?

niste lapte,

niste suc,

niste ceai,

niste apa,

niste cafea

Ati vrea niste lapte? Da, va rog. Nu, multumesc.

Ce vrei in sandvisul tau?

niste branza, niste sunca, niste salata verde, niste mustar, niste rosii, niste ceapa

Ai vrea niste branza? Da, va rog. Nu, multumesc.

What should I have for dinner?

Ce sa mananc la cina?

Niste orez,

niste cartofi,

o salata,

niste supa

Lets have some rice with a salad.

Sa mancam niste orez cu o salata.