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  • Multiplication strategies for Years 5 and 6 - Efficient written methods

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    smith1
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    The document discusses various written multiplication strategies for primary school children: 1) The grid method breaks down multiplication into partial products that are then added together. It is useful for numbers that are difficult to calculate mentally. 2) Expanded short multiplication shows the calculation in a column format with the working shown. It helps children understand the relationship between digits. 3) Short multiplication records the calculation in a more compact form with carry digits below the line. Children need mental addition skills before using this method. 4) Methods are extended to multiplying two-digit and three-digit numbers, starting with grid methods and moving to more efficient recording formats. Estimation is encouraged before calculating.

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    Multiplication strategies

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    Multiplication strategies.pdf

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    The document discusses various written multiplication strategies for primary school children: 1) The grid method breaks down multiplication into partial products that are then added together. It is useful for numbers that are difficult to calculate mentally. 2) Expanded short multiplication shows the calculation in a column format with the working shown. It helps children understand the relationship between digits. 3) Short multiplication records the calculation in a more compact form with carry digits below the line. Children need mental addition skills before using this method. 4) Methods are extended to multiplying two-digit and three-digit numbers, starting with grid methods and moving to more efficient recording formats. Estimation is encouraged before calculating.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Scarica in formato PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
    Segnala contenuti inappropriati
    175 visualizzazioni3 pagine

    Multiplication strategies for Years 5 and 6 - Efficient written methods

    Caricato da

    smith1
    The document discusses various written multiplication strategies for primary school children: 1) The grid method breaks down multiplication into partial products that are then added together. It is useful for numbers that are difficult to calculate mentally. 2) Expanded short multiplication shows the calculation in a column format with the working shown. It helps children understand the relationship between digits. 3) Short multiplication records the calculation in a more compact form with carry digits below the line. Children need mental addition skills before using this method. 4) Methods are extended to multiplying two-digit and three-digit numbers, starting with grid methods and moving to more efficient recording formats. Estimation is encouraged before calculating.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Scarica in formato PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
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    di 3

    Year5and6Multiplicationstrategieswritten methods

    Thefollowingstrategieshavebeentakenfromtherevisedprimaryframeworkformathematics( www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/primaryframework/mathematics). Theaimisthatchildrenusementalmethodswhenappropriate,butforcalculationsthatthey cannotdointheirheadstheyuseanefficientwrittenmethodaccuratelyandwithconfidence. Tomultiplysuccessfully,childrenneedtobeableto: recallallmultiplicationfactsto1010 partition(splitup)numbersintomultiplesofonehundred,tenandone workoutcalculationssuchas705,7050,7005or70050usingtherelatedfact 75andtheirknowledgeofplacevalue addtwoormoresingledigitnumbersmentally addmultiplesof10(suchas60+70)orof100(suchas600+700)usingtherelated additionfact,6+7,andtheirknowledgeofplacevalue addcombinationsofwholenumbersusingthecolumnmethod(seeabove).

    Thegridmethod
    Thegridmethodhelpschildrentosolveamultiplication calculationinparts,abitatatime. Itisbettertoplacethenumberwiththemostdigitsinthe lefthandcolumnofthegridsothatitiseasiertoaddthe parts. Thenextstepistomovethenumberbeingmultiplied(38in theexampleshown)toanextrarowatthetop.Presenting thegridthiswayhelpschildrentosetouttheadditionof210 and56. Thegridmethodmaybethemainmethodusedbychildren whoseprogressisslow,whosementalandwritten calculationskillsareweakandwhoseprojectedattainment attheendofKeyStage2istowardsthelowerendof level4. 387=(307)+(87)=210+56=266

    Expandedshortmultiplication
    Thenextstepistorepresentthemethodofrecordingina columnformat,butshowingtheworking.Drawattentionto thelinkswiththegridmethodabove. Childrenshoulddescribewhattheydobyreferringtothe actualvaluesofthedigitsinthecolumns.Forexample,the firststepin387isthirtymultipliedbyseven,notthree timesseven,althoughtherelationship37shouldbe stressed. Mostchildrenshouldbeabletousethisexpandedmethod forTUUbytheendofYear4.
    30 + 8 7 210 56 266 30 7 = 210 8 7 = 56 38 7 210 56 266

    Shortmultiplication

    Therecordingisreducedfurther,withcarrydigits recordedbelowtheline. If,afterpractice,childrencannotusethecompact methodwithoutmakingerrors,theyshouldreturntothe expandedformatofstage3.

    38 7 266
    5

    Thestephereinvolvesadding210and50mentallywith onlythe5inthe50recorded.Thishighlightstheneedfor childrentobeabletoaddamultipleof10toatwodigitor threedigitnumbermentallybeforetheyreachthisstage.

    Twodigitbytwodigitproducts

    ExtendtoTUTU,askingchildrentoestimatefirst. Startwiththegridmethod.Theamountsineachrow areadded,andthenthetwosumsattheendofeach rowareaddedtofindtheoveralltotal. AsinthegridmethodforTUUinstage4,thefirst columncanbecomeanextratoprowasastepping stonetothemethodbelow. 5627isapproximately6030=1800.

    Reducetherecording,showingthelinkstothegrid methodabove.

    5627isapproximately6030=1800.

    56 27 1000 120 350 42 1512


    1

    50 20 = 1000 6 20 = 120 50 7 = 350 6 7 = 42

    Reducetherecordingfurther. Thecarrydigitsfromeachstepof5620=120and 567=392areusuallycarriedmentally. Theaimisformostchildrentousethislong multiplicationmethodforTUTUbytheendofYear5.

    5627isapproximately6030=1800.

    56 27 1120 392 1512


    1

    56 20 56 7

    Threedigitbytwodigitproducts

    ExtendtoHTUTUaskingchildrentoestimatefirst. Startwiththegridmethod. Itisbettertoplacethenumberwiththemostdigitsin thelefthandcolumnofthegridsothatitiseasierto addthem. 28629isapproximately30030=9000.

    Reducetherecording,showingthelinkstothegrid methodabove. Thisexpandedmethodiscumbersome,withsix multiplicationsandalengthyadditionofnumberswith differentnumbersofdigitstobecarriedout.Thereis plentyofincentivetomoveontoamoreefficient method.

    286 29 4000 1600 120 1800 720 54 8294


    1

    200 20 = 80 20 = 6 20 = 200 9 = 80 9 = 6 9 =

    4000 1600 120 1800 720 54

    Childrenwhoarealreadysecurewithmultiplicationfor TUUandTUTUshouldhavelittledifficultyinusing thesamemethodforHTUTU. Again,thecarrydigitsinthepartialproductsareusually carriedmentally.

    28629isapproximately30030=9000.

    286 29 5720 2574 8294


    1

    286 20 286 9

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