Yarn Manufacturing Introduction

Engr . Shan Imtiaz

Lecturer The University of Faisalabad 1

SPINNING
Spinning is the process of converting the fibre to yarn by opening, cleaning, mixing, straightening, drafting and twisting of fibres.

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FLOWCHART
Mixing Blowroom Card Comber Drawing Simplex Ring Autocone Conditioning
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Packing

MIXING
In this process cotton fibres of different varieties or between various grades of same variety are combined to form single product. Purpose of mixing is to avoid the variations in yarn.
Manually or by Machines

Cotton Bales

Cotton Tufts
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Engr. Shan Imtiaz

BLOWROOM
The name blow room indicates that Transfer of fibers from one machine to another machine by airflow. The blowroom is the section of a cotton spinning mill where the preparatory processes of opening, cleaning and mixing are carried out. Blowroom removes heavier impurities of cotton. Impurities becomes less as cotton pass from one blowroom machine to next.
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Blowroom

Card

Drawing

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CARD
Carding is the action of reducing tufts of entangled fibers into a filmy web of individual fibers by working the tufts between closely spaced surfaces clothed with opposing sharp points. Carding is one of the most important operations in the spinning process as it directly determines the final features (quality) of the yarn.
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Carded Sliver (Thick, unparallel strand of fibres 8 without twist)

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COMBER
Combing is used for upgrading the quality of medium staple fibers Combing is the process of extracting the short fibres from cotton for making high quality yarn from longer fibres. The combing process is normally used to produce Smoother, finer, stronger and more uniform yarns

First fibes lap are formed

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Fibres lap are then combed

Engr. Shan Imtiaz

DRAWING
The process of straightening and paralleling the fibres by stretching (drafting) and levelling (doubling) is known as drawing. Machine used: Drawing Input material: Carded or combed sliver Output material: Drawing sliver
Drawing Machine

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SIMPLEX
It is an intermediate process in which fibers (sliver) are converted into fine and low twist strand (roving) by drafting and twisting. The sliver which is taken from draw frame is thicker so it is not suitable for manufacturing of yarn. Its purpose is to prepare input package (roving) for next process (yarn manufacturing).

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Simplex

Simplex Machine

Drawn Sliver (Thick, parallel strand of fibres without twist)

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Roving (Thin twisted strand of fibres in rope form)

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RING
The main process of making yarn formation. In this process thin strand (roving) is again drafted and twisted to make yarn and then winded on smaller packages called ring bobbins.

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Ring Bobbins

Ring frame

(Smaller Yarn Packages)

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AUTOCONE
The winding process has the basic function of obtaining a larger package from several small ring bobbins. Further functions of winding are to check the yarn and to eliminate any faults found.

Autocone Machine
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Yarn Cone
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CONDITIONING
The process in which yarn is conditioned (moisturized) for better performance (such as strength, luster, handle etc) is called yarn conditioning.
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PACKING
Packing process involves storage of cones in bags for proper transfer of material without damaging the yarn. Local Packing Export Packing

Pallet Packing Yarn Bags

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