A SYNOPSIS REPORT ON

SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

FROM

GAUTAM BUDDH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW, INDIA

SUBMITTED BY

RAJENDRA KUMAR GUPTA

[Roll No.1038421025]
. UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF: er. Jitendra Sir (E.N Department) Er. Sanjay Singh (H.O.D. E.N. Department)

SHEAT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

BABATPUR, VARANASISESSION
2012-13

CONTENTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. INTRODUCTION CONSTRUCTION ADSVANCTAGE DISADVANTAGE APPLICATION PRINCIPLE OF OPREATION

CANDIDATES DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in the dissertation entitled "Single Phase Induction Motor" in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical and Electronics Engineering submitted in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering of the Institute is an authentic record of my own work carried out during the period of March 2012-13 under the supervision of Er. Jitendra sir. The matter embodied in this dissertation has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree.

Date: Place: Varanasi

(Rajendra Kumar Gupta) Roll No. - 1038421025

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION : The three-phase induction motors are the most widely used electric motors in industry. They run at essentially constant speed from no-load to full-load. However, the speed is frequency dependent and consequently these motors are not easily adapted to speed control. We usually prefer d.c. motors when large speed variations are required. Nevertheless, the 3-phase induction motors are simple, rugged, low-priced, easy to maintain and can be manufactured with characteristics to suit most industrial requirements. In this chapter, we shall focus our attention on the general principles of 3phase induction motors. 8.1 Three-Phase Induction Motor Like any electric motor, a 3-phase induction motor has a stator and a rotor. The stator carries a 3-phase winding (called stator winding) while the rotor carries a short-circuited winding (called rotor winding). Only the stator winding is fed from 3-phase supply. The rotor winding derives its voltage and power from the externally energized stator winding through electromagnetic induction and hence the name. The induction motor may be considered to be a transformer with a rotating secondary and it can, therefore, be described as a transformer type a.c. machine in which electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy.

CONSTRUCTION
A 3-phase induction motor has two main parts (i) stator and (ii) rotor. The rotor is separated from the stator by a small air-gap which ranges from 0.4 mm to 4 mm, depending on the power of the motor.

For industrial and mining applications, 3-phase AC induction motors are the prime movers for the vast majority of machines. These motors can be operated either directly from the mains or from adjustable variable frequency drives. In modern industrialized countries, more than half the total electrical energy used in those countries is converted to mechanical energy through AC induction motors. The applications for these motors cover almost every stage of manufacturing and processing.

Applications also extend to commercial buildings and the domestic environment. They are used to drive pumps, fans, compressors, mixers, agitators, mills, conveyors, crushers, machine tools, cranes, etc, etc. It is not surprising to find that this type ofelectric motor is so popular, when one considers its simplicity, reliability and low cost. In the last decade, it has become increasingly common practice to use 3-phase squirrel cage AC induction motors with variable voltage variable frequency (VVVF) converters for variable speed drive (VSD) applications. To clearly understand how the VSD system works, it is necessary to understand theprinciples of operation of this type of motor. Although the basic design of induction motors has not changed very much in the last 50 years, modern insulation materials, computer based design optimization techniques and automated manufacturing methods have resulted in motors of smaller physical size and lower cost per kW. International standardization of physical dimensions and frame sizes means that motors from and most they manufacturers have are physically performance interchangeable characteristics. similar

ADVANTAGES
(i) It has simple and rugged construction. (ii) It is relatively cheap. (iii) It requires little maintenance. (iv) It has high efficiency and reasonably good power factor. (v) It has self starting torque.

DISADVANTAGES
(i) It is essentially a constant speed motor and its speed cannot be changed easily. (ii) Its starting torque is inferior to d.c. shunt motor.182

APPLICATION:
Pumps Fans Compressors Crushers Machine Textile Cranes Material

Tools

Handling

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
The operation of a 3-phase induction motor is based upon the application of Faraday Law and the Lorentz force on a conductor. The behavior can readily be understood by means of the following example. Consider a series of conductors of length l, whose extremities are short-circuited by two bars A and B (Fig.4.3 a). A permanent magnet placed above this conducting ladder, moves rapidly to the right at a speed v, so that its magnetic field B sweeps across the conductors. The following sequence of events then takes place 220 Chapter Four 2. The induced voltage immediately produces a current I,

which flows down the conductor underneath the pole face, through the end-bars, and back through the other conductors. 3. Because the current carrying conductor lies in the

magnetic field of the permanent magnet, it experiences a mechanical force