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The God and Goddesses

and
Philosophers with its Contributions

FINAL TERM

AP Solving

Submitted by

RAMON LOGAN
LONA MAY LOVEREZ
ALGELLYN VILLAS

Submitted to

SIR RANDY M. ROSALES

Date
March 2, 2009
THE GOD AND GODDESS

APHRODITE
Goddess of Love and Beauty. Aphrodite had a festival of her own, the Aphrodisia, which was
celebrated all over Greece but particularly in Athens and Corinth. In Corinth, intercourse with
her priestesses was considered a method of worshipping Aphrodite. Aphrodite was associated
with, and often depicted with dolphins, doves, swans, pomegranates and lime trees.

APOLLO
God of the Sun and Music. Apollo is considered to have dominion over plague, light, healing,
colonists, medicine, archery, poetry, prophecy, dance, reason, intellectualism, Shamans, and as
the patron defender of herds and flocks. Apollo had a famous oracle in Crete and other notable
ones in Clarus and Branchidae.

ARES
God of the Savage War. In Greek mythology, Ares is the son of Zeus (ruler of the gods) and
Hera. Though often incorrectly referred to as the Olympian god of war, he is more accurately
the god of savage war, or bloodlust, or slaughter personified. The Romans identified him as
Mars, the Roman god of war (whom they had inherited from the Etruscans), but among them,
Mars stood in much higher esteem.

ARTEMIS
Goddess of the Hunt. She was the virgin moon goddess of the hunt, wild animals, healing,
wilderness, chastity, and childbirth. She was worshipped as a fertility/childbirth goddess in
many places since, according to some myths; she assisted her mother in the delivery of her twin.

ATHENA
Goddess of Wisdom. In Greek mythology, Athena, the shrewd companion of heroes, became
the goddess of wisdom, as philosophy became applied to cult in the later fifth century. She
remained the patroness of weaving, crafts and the more disciplined side of war. Athena's
wisdom also includes the cunning intelligence (metis) of such figures as Odysseus. She is
attended by an owl, and is often accompanied by the goddess of victory, Nike. Wearing a
goatskin breastplate called the Aegis given to her by her father, Zeus, she is often shown
helmeted and with a shield bearing the Gorgon Medusa's head, a votive gift of Perseus.

IRIS
She was the Egyptian goddess of the earth. Her worship entailed elaborate and exotic rituals.

PAN
He was the Greek god of the mountains, half goat half man. Always carrying the pipes with
him, we know today as 'pan-pipes'.
MITHRAS
He was the god of light from Persia. He was always depicted slaying the holy bull, and so
giving life to the earth. He had many followers in the Roman army. So much so, that he is often
referred to as the soldiers' god.

MERCURY
He was the messenger of the gods. the wings on his helmet and sandals allowed him to travel
very quickly to wherever a god might send him. He was the god of travellers and tradesmen

VESTA
She was the goddess of the hearth and home. She was very important to Romans. In her temple
a flame was always kept burning as in the 'hearth of Rome' the flame should never go out.

AER
Wales. Goddess of war and revenge. Goddess of the River Dee.

AINE
Ireland. Moon Goddess and patroness of crops and cattle. Associated with the Summer Solstice.

ANDRASTE
Britain. A war and nature Goddess. Associated with the hare And Ostara.

ARADIA
Italian: Queen of the Witches, daughter of Diana. Aradia is an extremely powerful entity and a
protectress of Witches in general.

ARIANRHOD
Welsh; Goddess of the stars and reincarnation. Call on Arianrhod to help with past life
memories and difficulties as well as for contacting the Star People.

ARTEMIS
Greek; Goddess of the Moon.

ASTARTE
Greek; Fertility Goddess. Whether you wish to bear children or have a magnificent garden,
Astarte will assist in your desire.

BADBH: Ireland, Gaul. In Gaul known as Cauth Bodva. War Goddess. Part of the triple
Goddess aspect with Anu and Macha. Asscoaited with cauldrons, ravens, life and wisdom.
BAST
Egyptian; Goddess of Protection and Cats. Bast is great for vehicle travel as well as walking
down a dark alley. Call on her essence in the form of a giant panther to see you through to your
destination.

KALI
Hindu; Creative/Destructive Goddess. Protectress of abused women. Kali-Ma should be called
if a woman is in fear of physical danger. Her power is truly awesome.

THE PHILOSOPHERS AND ITS CONTRIBUTIONS

PHILOSOPHER: DEMOCRITUS
Birth: ca. 460 BCE
Death: ca. 370 BCE
School/Tradition: Pre-Socratic Philosophy
Main Interests: Metaphysics / Mathematics / Astronomy
Notable Ideas: Atomism, Distant Star Theory
CONTRIBUTION:
His exact contributions are difficult to disentangle from his mentor Leucippus, as they
are often mentioned together in texts. Their hypothesis on atoms is remarkably similar to
modern science, and avoided many of the errors found in their contemporaries. Largely ignored
in Athens, Democritus was nevertheless well-known to his fellow northern-born philosopher
Aristotle. Plato is said to have disliked him so much that he wished all his books burnt. Many
consider Democritus to be the "father of modern science".

QUOTE: "Everything existing in the universe is the fruit of chance and necessity.""

PHILOSOPHER: PLATO
Birth: c. 424–423 BC, Athens
Death: c. 348–347 BC, Athens (aged 76 approx)
School/Tradition: Platonism
Main Interests: Rhetoric, Art, Literature, Epistemology, Justice, Virtue,
Politics, Education, Family, Militarism
Notable Ideas: Platonic realism

CONTRIBUTION:
Plato's sophistication as a writer is evident in his Socratic dialogues; thirty-five dialogues
and thirteen letters have traditionally been ascribed to him, although modern scholarship
doubts the authenticity of at least some of these.[3] Plato's writings have been published in
several fashions; this has led to several conventions regarding the naming and referencing of
Plato's texts.

QUOTE: "The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by
evil men."

PHILOSOPHER: LAOZI
Birth: unknown
Death: unknown
School/Tradition: Taoism
Notable Ideas: Wu wei
CONTRIBUTION:
According to Chinese tradition, Laozi lived in the 6th century BC. Historians variously
contend that Laozi is a synthesis of multiple historical figures, that he is a mythical figure, or
that he actually lived in the 4th century BC, concurrent with the Hundred Schools of Thought
and Warring States Period.[1] A central figure in Chinese culture, both nobility and common
people claim Laozi in their lineage. Zhuangzi, widely considered the intellectual and spiritual
successor of Laozi, had a notable impact on Chinese literature, culture and spirituality.
Throughout history, Laozi's work was embraced by various anti-authoritarian movements.

QUOTE: "Knowing others is intelligence; knowing yourself is true wisdom.

Mastering others is strength; mastering yourself is true power. If you
realize that you have enough, you are truly rich."

PHILOSOPHER: GAUTAMA BUDDHA (Known for Founder of Buddhism)

Born: 563 BCE (Lumbini, Nepal)
Died 483 BCE (Kushinagar, India)
Cause of death: Food poisoning
Occupation: Prince, Spiritual Teacher
Home Town: Kapilavastu
Predecessor: Kassapa Buddha
Successor: Maitreya
CONTRIBUTION:
Gautama, also known as Śākyamuni or Shakyamuni ("sage of the Shakyas"), is the key
figure in Buddhism, and accounts of his life, discourses, and monastic rules are believed by
Buddhists to have been summarized after his death and memorized by his followers. Various
collections of teachings attributed to Gautama were passed down by oral tradition, and first
committed to writing about 400 years later. Early Western scholarship tended to accept the
biography of the Buddha presented in the Buddhist scriptures as largely historical, but
currently "scholars are increasingly reluctant to make unqualified claims about the historical
facts of the Buddha's life and teachings."
QUOTE: “All that we are is the result of what we have thought. If a man speaks or
acts with an evil thought, pain follows him. If a man speaks or acts with a
pure thought, happiness follows him, like a shadow that never leaves
him.”

PHILOSOPHER: HIPPOCRATES
Born: ca. 460 BC (Kos, Greece)
Died: ca. 370 BC (Larissa, Greece)
Occupation Physician
CONTRIBUTION:
He is referred to as the "father of medicine"in recognition of his lasting contributions to
the field as the founder of the Hippocratic school of medicine. This intellectual school
revolutionized medicine in ancient Greece, establishing it as a discipline distinct from other
fields that it had traditionally been associated with (notably theurgy and philosophy), thus
making medicine a profession. In particular, he is credited with greatly advancing the
systematic study of clinical medicine, summing up the medical knowledge of previous schools,
and prescribing practices for physicians through the Hippocratic Oath and other works.

QUOTE: "Life is short, [the] art long, opportunity fleeting, experiment treacherous,
judgment difficult."

References: Wikipedia
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