Subject Outline

Subject Name: Subject Code: Human Biological Science 1 BIOH111 / HBS1 Bachelor of Health Science (Naturopathy) Bachelor of Health Science (Acupuncture) Award(s): Bachelor of Health Science (Nutritional Medicine) Bachelor of Health Science (Western Herbal Medicine) Bachelor of Health Science (Musculoskeletal Therapy) Bachelor of Health Science (Homeopathy) Core/Elective: Pre/corequisites: Student Workload: Core - 4 credit point subject None 6 Timetabled hours per week 4 Personal study hours per week 10 Total hours per week Face to face Delivery Mode: 2 x 2 hours lecture 2 x 1 hour tutorial E-learning Narrated PowerPoint Asynchronous tutor moderated discussion forums and activities

Student Handouts, Web based resources Full Time Part Time Subject Coordinator Jenny Yeeles

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This subject aims to provide students with an introduction to the concepts of human anatomy and physiology, including homeostasis, the body as a whole organism and the characteristics of life, particularly those of control, growth, development, replacement, structure and movement. The scientific concept of the cell, its function and how it is organised with in the body to allow for complex functions to occur is introduced and explained. Additionally the subject provides students with opportunities to further understand these concepts through dissemination of the nervous, endocrine, reproductive, skeletal and muscular systems in terms of their components, structure and functions and how these systems integrate to maintain homeostasis within the body. BIOH111 is the first of two subjects of study exploring the concepts of human anatomy and physiology along with BIOH122. On completion of these two subjects, students are expected to have a comprehensive knowledge of all systems of the human body and their interactions for maintenance of homeostasis. This subject is a pre-requisite for the following subjects generically BIOH122 Human Biological Science 2

Subject Rationale:

Learning Outcomes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Identify the different levels of organisation of the human body from cell to system(s) and coordinate how their individual functions contribute to the performance as a whole. Identify and apply appropriate anatomical terminology to describe each of the different systems of the human body. Explain the concept of homeostasis in relation to self-regulatory mechanisms of the body and the importance of the systems of control (nervous and endocrine). Describe and explain in detail the biology of the cell and relate how this is adapted within different cell types. Explain and classify the inter-relationship between the structure and function of cells and tissues to the organs and systems of the human body. Describe and interpret the detailed structure and function of the nervous, endocrine, reproductive, skeletal and muscular systems. Analyse the role of the nervous system in the regulation of the bodys homeostasis and the control of other systems of the body. Analyse the role of the endocrine system along with the nervous system in the regulation of the bodys homeostasis. Apply knowledge of the systems to problem solving clinical issues.

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Content: Week 1. Topics Lecture 1 Introduction (Subject Outline/Subject Aims/Assessment/Teaching Resources) An Introduction to the Human Body Organisation, characteristics and control On Campus Tutorial Activities Activities are developed to allow the students to explore relevant concepts, expand on ideas and have peer and lecturer interaction. Activities also allow for formative assessment and feedback General topics for the week Discussion of the role of medical terminology in reading and writing science information Practising the use of and interpretation of medical terminology through worksheets in class Online Tutorial Activities Activities are developed to allow the students to explore relevant concepts, expand on ideas and have peer and lecturer interaction through the use of the discussion forum. Activities also allow for formative assessment and feedback General topics for the week Engagement with the importance of the role of medical terminology in reading and writing science through the provision of a workbook. Students respond to reading materials by practising with the use and interpretation of medical terminology Guidance provided by tutor

Lecture 2 The Cellular Level of Organisation The plasma membrane and transport across it Cellular selectivity General topics for the week Group discussion on the importance of cellular selectivity to the normal functioning of a cell. Interactive worksheets reviewing the role and varieties of Cellular selectivity Osmosis/ Diffusion experiments

General topics for the week Forum discussion on the importance of cellular selectivity to the normal functioning of a cell. Interactive worksheets reviewing the role and varieties of Cellular selectivity Osmosis/ Diffusion experiments

2. Lecture 1 The Cellular Level of Organisation The Cytoplasm and Nucleus Transcription and translation

General topics for the week DNA structure Interactive worksheets reviewing the structure of DNA

General topics for the week DNA structure Interactive worksheets reviewing the structure of DNA

Lecture 2 The Cellular Level of Organisation Cell division Mitosis and meiosis

General topics for the week Mitotic cell division Use of Interactive worksheets and computer animations comparing the process of Mitosis and meiosis Online interactive activity

General topics for the week Mitotic cell division Use of Interactive worksheets and computer animations comparing the process of Mitosis and meiosis Online interactive activity

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3.

Lecture 1 The Tissue Level of Organisation Tissue types and their organisation o Epithelial tissue organisation

General topics for the week Aging and the Tissues Group discussion on the effect that aging has on tissue functioning Epithelial micrographs

General topics for the week Aging and the Tissues Tutor directed forum discussion on the effect that aging has on tissue functioning Epithelial micrographs

Lecture 2 The Tissue Level of Organisation Tissue types and their organisation o Connective tissue organisation Overview of muscle and nervous tissue

General topics for the week Aging and the Tissues Group discussion on the effect that aging has on tissue functioning Group discussion on how the tissues work together to form the organs Connective Tissue & Muscle Tissue Micrographs

General topics for the week Aging and the Tissues Tutor directed forum discussion on the effect that aging has on tissue functioning Tutor directed forum discussion on how the tissue work together to form the organs Connective Tissue & Muscle Tissue Micrographs

4.

Lecture 1 The Skeletal System Bone physiology Gross structure and histology of bone Bone formation, growth and remodelling Aging and bone tissue

General topics for the week Exercise and bone formation Group work using learning activity worksheets Interactive worksheet on bone repair Online activity

General topics for the week Exercise and bone formation Review of the lecture through the use of learning activity worksheets Online activity

Lecture 2 The Skeletal System Organisation of the skeletal system Types of bones and their markings Major bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton

General topics for the week Components axial and appendicular skeleton Practical Tutorial Use of the skeletons, bone and joint models plus learning activity worksheets Formative (practice) Quiz (lecturers 1-6)

General topics for the week Components axial and appendicular skeleton Use of computer animations plus learning activity worksheets Tutor feedback provided

5.

Lecture 1 The Skeletal System Classification of joints The synovial joint and types of movements Types of synovial joints and their range of motion Ageing and joints

General topics for the week The synovial joint Practical Tutorial Use of the skeletons, bone and joint models plus learning activity worksheets

General topics for the week The synovial joint Use of computer animations plus learning activity worksheets Tutor feedback provided

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Lecture 2 The Muscular System 6. Overview of muscle tissue types Skeletal muscle histology Contraction and relaxation The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction

General topics for the week Sliding Filament theory Group work involving the use of computer animations plus learning activity worksheets Use of online animations

General topics for the week Sliding Filament theory Use of computer animations plus learning activity worksheets Tutor feedback provided

Lecture 1 The Muscular System Skeletal muscle metabolism Control of muscle tension Types of skeletal muscle fibres Comparison of muscle tissue types Aging and muscle tissue

General topics for the week Comparison of muscle types Group discussion and debate on the similarities and differences between different muscle types Comparison of muscle fibre types Exercise physiology experiment

General topics for the week Comparison of muscle types Tutor directed forum discussion on the similarities and differences between different muscle types Comparison of muscle fibre types Exercise physiology experiment

Lecture 2 The Muscular System How muscles produce movement Major muscles and their groups 7. Lecture 1 The Nervous System Overview to the major components and organisation of the nervous system Histology of nervous tissue Neurons, neuroglia and myelination

General topics for the week Levers and joint movement Practical Tutorial Use of the skeletons and joint models plus learning activity worksheets

General topics for the week Levers and joint movement Use of computer animations plus learning activity worksheets

General topics for the week Neuroglia and brain function Group discussion and debate on the importance of the neuroglia to the functioning of the nervous system

General topics for the week Neuroglia and brain function Tutor directed forum discussion on the importance of the neuroglia to the functioning of the nervous system

Lecture 2 The Nervous System Electrical Signals The action potential The synapse and neurotransmitters

General topics for the week The Chemical Synapse and neurotransmitters Group work involving the use of computer animations plus learning activity worksheets

General topics for the week The chemical Synapse and Neurotransmitters Use of computer animations plus learning activity worksheets Tutor feedback provided

Regeneration and repair of the nervous system

QUIZ 1 (lectures 1-12)

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8.

MID SEMESTER BREAK Semester 1 This break aligns with the week after Easter so it may fall between weeks 6 to 8. Semester 2 Week 8

Online students Please continue studying during this week. Instead of mid-semester break you will observe your break as an extra study week after Week 13.
9. Lecture 1 The Nervous System The spinal cord (anatomy and physiology) Spinal nerves Reflex arcs General topics for the week Reflex arcs Discussion of the importance of reflexes to clinical diagnostics Practical demonstration of reflexes in the class in groups Activity worksheet on sensory and motor tracts General topics for the week Reflex arcs Engagement of students with the importance of the reflex arc in regard to clinical diagnosis through the provision of an interactive workbook. Worksheet outlining how the student can practically demonstrate the reflexs on themselves Activity worksheet on sensory and motor tracts Guidance provided by tutor

Lecture 2 The Nervous System 10. Brain organisation and protection The brain stem; structure & function The cerebellum; structure & function The diencephalon; structure & function The cerebrum; structure & function Cranial nerves General topics for the week ANS control Group work involving the use of computer animations plus learning activity worksheets General topics for the week Cranial nerves and functional neuroanatomy Group work involving the use of computer animations plus learning activity worksheets MRI radiographic interpretation

General topics for the week Cranial nerves and functional neuroanatomy The use of computer animations plus learning activity worksheets Supported by tutor MRI radiographic interpretation

Lecture 1 The Autonomic Nervous System Anatomy of the ANS Neurotransmitters of the ANS Physiological effects and control of the ANS

General topics for the week ANS control The use of computer animations plus learning activity worksheets Supported by tutor

Lecture 2 The Nervous System Sensation Somatic sensations o Somatic sensory and

General topics for the week Somatic sensory and motor pathways Use of interactive worksheets in class

General topics for the week Somatic sensory and motor pathways Use of interactive worksheets
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motor pathways

Tutor support provided

11.

Lecture 1 The Nervous System The special senses o Olfaction o Gustation o Vision o Hearing and equilibrium

General topics for the week Olfaction and gustation Practical demonstration of the location of the various types of tastebuds on the tongue. Use of aromatherapy oils and other odorants to demonstrate the sensitivity of the nose to different scents and olfactory adaptation

General topics for the week Olfaction and gustation Worksheet outlining how the student can practically demonstrate the location of the various types of taste buds on their tongues Worksheet outlining how the student can use aromatherapy oils and other odorants to demonstrate the sensitivity of the nose to different scents and olfactory adaptation

Lecture 2 Integration of the Nervous System

General topics for the week Use of activities to link the functions of the Nervous System Interactive review of the lecture material Taste test/ Eye examination test

General topics for the week Online tutor led discussion forum where students can discuss the integration of the Nervous System and its role in maintaining homeostasis Taste test/ Eye examination test

12.

Lecture 1 The Endocrine System Endocrine glands Hormone activity Hormone mechanisms and control

General topics for the week Biochemical nature of hormones Classroom led discussion where students debate the difference between the Nervous and Endocrine systems and how they contribute to homeostatic control

General topics for the week Biochemical nature of hormones Online tutor led discussion forum where students debate the difference between the Nervous and Endocrine systems and how they contribute to homeostatic control

Lecture 2 The Endocrine System Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid glands Formation, actions and control of hormone secretion

General topics for the week The chemistry of hormones Use of interactive worksheets in class

General topics for the week The chemistry of hormones Use of interactive worksheets Tutor support provided

13.

Lecture 1 The Endocrine System Pancreas, adrenals and other glands Formation, actions and control of hormone secretion The Stress Response

General topics for the week Stress and disease Use of interactive worksheets in class

General topics for the week Stress and disease Use of interactive worksheets Tutor support provided

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Lecture 2 The Integumentary System Structure of the skin 14. The epidermis and dermis Accessory structures

General topics for the week Use interactive worksheets in class Structure of the skin Functions of the accessory structures QUIZ 2 (lectures 13-19) General topics for the week Functions of the Integumentary System Use of activity worksheets on burns Discussion of wound healing

General topics for the week Use of interactive worksheets Online tutor led discussion on the structure of the skin and its accessory structures

Lecture 1 The Integumentary System Functions of the skin Wound healing Aging of the Integumentary System

General topics for the week Use of activity worksheet Use of activity worksheets on burns Online tutor led discussion on the function of the skin and wound healing

Lecture 2 Review of subject material 15 16. 17 18. Integration of body systems

General topics for the week Interactive review of material Formative questions

General topics for the week Online tutor led discussion and review of subject material

Student Final Exam Study Week 1 & 2 Final Exam Period (please refer to your Campus Timetable for the exact time and day of the final exam)

Set Text Requirements: 1. Tortora, GJ & Derrickson, B 2012, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 13th edn, John Wiley. Recommended readings: 1. The Universal Features of Cells on Earth in Alberts, B et al., 2002, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4 edn, Garland Publishing, New York (Public access to this chapter is via bookshelf on www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26864/ The College is aware that there is a more recent edition but this one is included because the complete text is free online. 2. Marieb, EN 2012, Anatomy & Physiology Coloring Workbook: A Complete Study Guide, 10th edn, Benjamin Cummings Pearson. 3. Harris, P, Nagy, S & Vardaxis, N 2010, Mosbys Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing and Health Professions, nd 2 edn, Mosby Elsevier th 4. Guyton, AC & Hall, JE 2010, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12 edn, WB Saunders Company, W.A. 5. Moore, KL & Dalley, AF 2010, Clinically Orientated Anatomy, 6 edn, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, New York.
th th

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Assessments: Assessment Item 1. Quiz 1 Online (open during Week 8) Topics Directional Terms Planes of Reference Cell division Primary Tissues Skeletal System Muscular System 2. Quiz 2 Online (open during Week 13) Final Examination Nervous System 1,2,3,4,5 Weeks 7 - 11 Weeks 1 14 Week 13 25% Learning Outcomes Assessed 1,2,3,4 Week Content Delivered Weeks 1-6 Week Due Week 8 Weighting 25%

3.

Endocrine System Integumentary System Extended answer questions from all five body systems studied

1,2,3,4,5,6, 7,8,9

Exam Period

40%

4.

On campus: Tutorial Attendance Online: Participation in online discussion

80% Attendance and participation required Topics aligned with lecture material each week Directional Terms Planes of Reference Cell division Primary Tissues

1,2,3,4,5,6, 7,8,9

Every Week

10%

5.

Formative (practice) Quiz Online (open during Week 4)

1,2,3,4

Weeks 1-3

Week 4

0%

Formative assessment will be undertaken early in the subject and then on a regular basis throughout the duration of the subject to provide students and staff with feedback on the learning. It may take the form of quizzes, small group and classroom presentations, writing activities, peer review where appropriate. Early formative assessment would be used to determine any necessary intervention strategies to ensure students are able to complete the program in the normal subject duration. Feedback will also be provided on summative assessment undertaken during semester. *Online enrolled students will either nominate a suitable invigilator or apply to sit examinations on campus as per online policy and procedures

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