Assignment no 2 By saliha Khalid Sociolinguistics Presented to Miss Afsheen

Q2.Communication takes place both linguistic and non linguistically and nonlinguistically.discuss in detail and come up with some innovative insights about nonlinguistic communication.go in the field and collect data to discuss different varieties of non linguistic communication.

***What is non linguistic communication

Non linguistic communication is usually understood as the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages .Such messages can be communicated through gesture; bodylanguage or posture; facial expression and eye contact; object communication such as clothing, jewellery, hairstyles, and other accessories. When we rely solely on verbal communication, we often have problems in communicating. I can never clearly say to you what is completely going on inside me. And the same applies to you when you speak to me.It is only when all my senses perceive information through verbal and nonverbal communication that Im close to understanding and comprehending what youre feeling and then I can comprehend the feelings and emotions you have. There is nonverbal communication in the clothes we wear, the styles and colors. In touching, tasting and smelling, the sounds we hear and the signs and symbols we see. Our dreams are full of nonverbal messages that we seldom understand. We encounter nonverbal communication in all aspects of life, in nature and the environment. In reality, the things we speak or read ultimately take a back seat to the vast and incredible world of nonverbal communication. Most of what we know of our world and people is nonverbalyet we pay little attention to it There are some groups of people who, for centuries, have relied on their nonverbal awareness to describe the conduct and behavior of individuals and the characters in their novels and stories by describing their nonverbal action. Writers, poets, playwrights and philosophers have studied and written about human conduct that reflected a range of emotions, atti-tudes and feelings through their nonverbal movements. Non verbal cues are critical.i would like to throw light on some innovative insights about nonlinguistic communication in my assignment.let us discuss all elements briefly. ***Sounds and silence People use silence to convey meaning.This is true in business, as well as romance. Philip Knight, the founder and chairman of athletic apparel giant Nike is famous for answering ques-tions from his executives with silence. On a more common level, anyonewhos been through a romantic breakup knows how much the silent treatment from a spouse or lover can convey. The human body contributes many sounds. Burping, coughing, sneezing, belching, choking, gagging, blowing the nose, swallowing, snoring, gasping for air, passing gas and others all convey their msg correctly. There are human sounds made that express our feelings and attitudes, like a man whistling to a pretty woman or the satisfied sounds a person makes

stretching or exercising. Those sounds are made to communicate a personal feeling and emotion without using the spoken language. They are totally nonverbal There are human sounds made that express our feelings and attitudes, like a man whistling to a pretty woman or the satisfied sounds a person makes stretching or exercising. Those sounds are made to communicate a personal feeling and emotion without using the spoken language. They are totally nonverbal If beauty is in the eye of the beholder, the beauty of a certain sound is in the ear of the listener. Nervous Tics, Stammers and Lies Perhaps the most important sounds in nonverbal communication arethose that occur near and in midst of verbal communication.Modern vernacular speech is full of sounds, noises, asides, exclamations meaningless filler sounds(including um,ah,,hmm,er , etc.), that blur a speakers meaningand often convey more about his intention, attitude or mental state than anything he actually says. Now, in the 21stCentury, voiceprint has been accepted throughout the world as a reputable means of identifying individuals and is used not only by intelligence agencies, but also in law enforcement and business situations.Another nonverbal detection device is the polygraph, whats commonly known as a lie detector. When the device is used, rubber tubes are placed on a persons chest andabdomen, as well as blood pressure cuffs on the arms and metal platesattached to the fingers to monitor the subjects galvanic skin response, blood pressure and respiration Responding to Sounds and Noises A person who masters nonverbal communication doesnt rush to respond to distracting sounds and noises. Instead, keep these points in mind: Dont rush to judgment or reaction to a noise you hear. Listen care-fully and investigate before you draw any conclusions about whatyouve heard.Try to identify the person or thing making noise. Often, this is biggest part of responding appropriately. The bloodcurdling scream that youheard outside could be two eight-year-olds having fun.Assess the environment around you and the noisethe temperature,location, time. Consider the normal sounds in this environment.Check your emotions, as much as possible. Many people have trigger noises, which cause extreme emotional reactions in them. If the sound of a baby crying or the screech of a cars brakes upsets you, realizethis and try to curb your emotions until you know more. Using Silence as a Tool

It is wise to remember that silence can convey confidence, honesty,forthrightness, strength, loyalty and dedication; but it can also convey in-decision, lack of interest or ignorance. Which traits it signals may be determined by other nonverbal cuessuch as facial expressions, gesturesand posture.If youre going to use silence as a nonverbal cue, make sure that youstand tall. Literally. And dont frown or wince. If you appear steady and determined, your silence will be interpreted as strength. ***Facial expressions: the faces you make when you speak or listen can tell anobservant person more about you than any words you say. And, if youare an observant person, you can glean this information from anyone whos speaking to you. The best advice: be careful of the looks you giveand pay attention to the looks others give you. Facial expressions are a familiar theme in Western literature.Shakespeare wrote, Your face, my thane, is as a book where people may read strange matters. Here are some other tips and tells to consider: Follow their eyes. Peoples eyes travel to good news and flee from bad news. People usually cant help but stare at good news; they literally turn away from bad news. If you follow their eyes, you can sometimes see what people think are their strongest tools.Look for darting eyes, which mean anxiety. People usually get anxious when they are confronted or expect confrontation. As Ive mentioned before, psychologists call this the fight or flight response.Someone who wont challenge you looks calm; the one who might fight looks nervous.Look for blinks. People blink more often when they are excited than when they are calm. (This is the main reason that professional poker players wear sunglasses when they play.) But remember that the blinking doesnt mean nervousness or anxietyit just as often means happi-ness and positive excitement Look for blushes. No other part of the body reacts more dramaticallyto a flow of blood than the face. Simply said, when a person is ner-vous or embarrassed, he will blush. Some simply blush more notice-ably than others. However strong or weakly a person blushes, themeaning is the same: Hes anxious about somethingWatch changes in posture. Some people are so unaware of their posture that they let it betray their thoughts. Their shoulders drop or slumpwhen they are not confident; conversely, the same person may be-come attentive and sit in an erect position when thinks hes strong.Watch for inversion. You may also notice that a person whos bluffingor exaggerating his position will lean forward in a confrontational way.This posture is part of the bluffstrong is weak; weak is strong.Dont read too much into a single expression. By itself, a twitching eye or a flared

nostril may not mean anything. And, sometimes, its an act designed as part of a bluff. What you should be looking for is patterns of expression or behavior; these are the best indicators. Practice studying people: Another essential part of mastering the power of nonverbal communication is to take the time, on a regular basis, to practice studying people.Practice looking at peoples facial gestures while they talk. Do they roll their eyes? Look around rapidly?Look at the ground while speaking? Do they bite their lips?Sigh a lot? Smile or frown? About eyes it is common knowledge that, when a person sees some-thing that is attractive or pleasing, his pupils will dilate. We all have different blink rates and when we are in a stressful situation,lying, or very insecure, the blink rate always increases. The nonverbal message in the blink rate is also a clue when a person arrives from an overseas trip in the United States goes through customs.The first question a person is asked when reaching the customs inspector is, Do you have anything to declare? Considering that you have already completed a customs declaration form and have it in your hand, the question appears to be foolish. However, it is asked for a specific purpose: To see how you react to it. If a persons blink rate increases immediately after the question is asked, the customs inspector will thoroughly search every piece of baggage you have. If however, your blink rate remains constant, you will most likely pass you through without any further search. Police inspectors and interrogators also ask a lot of questions to thosewho are under investigation. And they always look for a change in the blink rate that might signify areas where the person is trying to cover some-thing up or might be lying. And psychiatrists are also aware of the signifi-cance of the blink rate when they attempt to get personal disclosure froma patient who is trying desperately to conceal it from them Where to Look for Facial Cues Experts in nonverbal communication pay particular attention to move-ments in the following parts of the human face:chin bosseye apertureeye cover foldglabellainfraorbital furrowlower eyelid furrownasolabial furrownostril wingsphiltrumroot of nosesclera

***Touch
Haptics is the study of touching as nonverbalcommunication. Handshakes, holding hands, kissing (cheek,lips, hand), back slap, high five, shoulder pat, brushing arm,etc. Tips for Touching Other People

avoid touching someones face, head, chest or stomach;keep eye contact as much as possible when touching someone; maintain physical contact only long enough to give a quick nonverbal cue, then step back and let the person re-establish personal space.You can use physical touch to convey important nonverbal cues: wel-coming, inclusion, sympathy, etc. You just want to make sure that youdont surprise anyone in a bad way. A person who understands nonverbal communication can recognize the signs that someone is willing to lower ordinary inhibitions about physical contact. These signs can include open or upturned palms, a slow head tilt, a slight shrug of the shoulders, a raised eyebrow and eye contact with a smile. ***Gestures and postures If what the British psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen alleges is true,humans have 412 distinct emotions. Complicating that number, the book Mind Wide Open by Steven Johnson suggests every emotion is connected to its own emotional toolbox, which contains scores of representative words, sounds, expressions, gestures and images.So, the possibility of connecting a specific emotion to its own gesture or posture seems very remote.We equate a bowed head with solemnitybut it can also mean exhaustion or despair. To some people, a hand to the heart means fearto others it means excitement. And those are just two emotional gestures. Scratching a spot on face When an itch occurs on the face that needs to be scratched, a person usually uses the fingers in an intense rubbing manner. That is to say, they scratch the spot that itches rapidly and with vigor. However, when there is no itch and the gesture represents concerns, doubt, suspicion, concern, etc., the persons hand movement will be slower and less vigorous. Gestures that nonverbally communicate confidence. Seminar attendees often ask how to identify specific gestures that nonverbally communicate confidence.1.)They are told about the so-calledsteepling gesture, in which the fingers of the hands are joined together to form a triangle, or the shape of a church steeple. The gesture might also be called a teepee or tent like gesture.It is not unusual to see a person using a steepling gesture when speakingcomfortably about a subject she knows very well. Politicians, teachers, professors, accountants and attorneys are very fond of using the gesturewhen they speak.2.)People who are truly confident seldom bring their hands or fingers to their lips. Confident people may do nothing with their handsjust leaving them at their sides or folded in theirlaps. But, in most cases, even confident people like to find some activity for their hands.

At other times, you notice the change in confidence by the height at which the steepling gesture is made. Some individuals place their hands so high that, when they speak to you, they look at you through the triangle formed with their hands. And later, as their confidence subsides, the hands are lowered Implication of Thumbs up gesture Most of the world meansO.K.*In Iran meansextremely obsceneor rude.*In Nigeria Good luck.*In Japan meansfive.*In Turkey meanspolitical rightistparty. significance of locked ankles Another important nonverbal observation we can discover is the significance of locked ankles. We can see that individuals who were not revealing information often locked their ankles and, when they allowed the emotions to flow, they would unlock their ankles. Confrontational Gestures There are various gestures that send a threatening message, such as:thrusting the forefinger at someone and using as if it were a dagger, fist-like gestures waved in air,flipping an extended thumb out from the chin or front teeth,using the index finger in a throat slitting sign,grabbing the crotch,closing the hand and jerking the forearm upward while the other handis holding on to the inside of the elbow. Joined index finger tip with thumb In Pakistan and most of the countries, This gesture in which tips of the index finger and thumb aare joined with the other three fingers upwards commonly meanseverything is allright or perfect.* In France meansworthless.* In Japan means money.*In German means rude

***Smells
Perfume is a nonverbal sign of esteem and welcome to visitors in Arabian homes. When guests arrive, they are sprinkled with rose water as sign of hospitality and care for them. Then when they leave, the men will have their beards and garments sprayed with incense as a nonverbal sign of partingand best wishes for their journey In India, perfume also plays an important nonverbal part in ceremonies. During Hindu marriages brides are rubbed with scented oils by the handmaid and later the married couples will sit beneath a sandalwood scented silk canopy Nonverbal Meanings of Fragrances

People who work in the cosmetics and beauty supply industries work with fragrances everyday, developing perfumes for women and colognes(or, more recently, body sprays) for men. Most agree that the basic fragrance compoundsand there arent as many as you might think thatmake up perfumes and colognes do convey rather consistent personalitytraits. Here is a brief, simple description of these:

Traits intelligence, alertness kindness, calm humor, playfulness reliability frank

Fragrances that convey them cedar, juniper, orange, lime, rosemary, cinnamon, peppermint chamomile, vanilla, jasmine, clary sage, lemongrass pepper, marjoram, basil, mint, juniper, tangerinesafety,chamomile, orange, jasmine, sandalwood, incense

**** Signs, Symbols and Colors

Symbol Theory There is a fashionable academic term that describes communication through means of signs and symbols: semiotic. There are some signs and symbols that have the same meaning worldwide such as the skull designating poison, the Red Cross (or RedCrescent), etc. Many Americans are unaware that, in the early years os the U.S.,the eagle was nearly replaced as the nations symbol. Benjamin Franklin argued the eagle should be replaced with the rattlesnake. He felt that a rattlesnake was a better symbol because it gives a warning signal to an enemy before it strikes; and Franklin believed this was an important quality of the young countrythat it wouldnever start a fight but would always be ready to defend itself Business Symbols There are other symbols like the compass and the ruler that designate the Masonic Order. It is being reported they also have secret hand gestures and handshake that only members use and understand.There are also occupations that use symbols to identify their craft, like pharmacists

who use the mortar and pestle, and barbers whose place of business is easily identified by the red and white pole. Delta Airlines logo consists of a triangle that is the Greek letterDelta and looks like a futuristic flying wing aircraft. Thesymbol also nonverbally communicates that the company isat the cutting edge of technology. The bottom portion of the Delta logo appears like a mountain thatcommunicates the company can take you to great heights. And when thetwo parts are put together, it is an impressive design and company brand Nonverbal Cues from Colors The color black has historically been a color that communicates nega-tive images about things, people and feelings.In most cultures, white communicates purity, innocence, chastity, spirituality, goodness, etc. However, besides these sublime human quali-ties, the color white also has connotations of a saintly image.Blue symbolizes calm water, quiet temperament, femininity, and illumination to the written word. New age color specialists say it indicates sweetness, emotional contentment and resolve. However, other shades of blue are different.Dark blue is especially favored by overweight people trying to lose weight. It often represents contentment and fulfillment. In some cultures, dark blue also conveys notions of truth and trust, love and dedication, surrender and devotion.Color experts say that yellow is often the opposite of bluein terms of the messages they convey. To Asian spiritualists, yellow often meansthe search for a way out of difficulties, the lack of emotional fulfillmentthat situations demand and a restless search for some solution.To those experts, green conveys pride and strength. Alternative healthexperts will argue that green rooms can alleviate the pain of gastric ulcers and digestive upsetsespecially when associated with worryover possible loss of personal failures and finances. For many color experts, the color red signifies an urge to achieveresults, to win and a great desire for success. Red is impulse and allforms of vitality and power from sexual potency to revolutionary trans-formation. It is the impulse towards active sports, struggle, competition and enterprising productivity.Red is the impact of will or force of will as distinct from the greenelasticity of will.

***The Things We Wear

It includes hairstyles, clothing, jewellery and other accessories. Rich woman commonly wear jewellery made of gemstones;diamonds,sapphires, emeralds, topazes and aquamarine Instead of simple metal earrings to communicate their high status. rings may also transmit nonverbal messages, especially wedding rings.

Clothing always have a nonverbal significance.An article of clothing that clearly communicates cultural origin is the burka worn by some Muslim women in Pakistan and other Muslim countries as part of their religious dress code. An attempt by Middle Eastern students in the Netherlands to wear the burka was forbidden because theschool prepares students for professions to read facial expressions. And the garment not only covers up the entire body, but also the face. Nationals of other countries are very aware that the type of clothing a person wears clearly stamps a persons national identify.. So whenever you get dressed,remember there will be many nonverbal messages in what you wear that others may read. ***Dreams:Nonverbal Cues to Yourself Our religion islam describes the importance of dreams.Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that Prophet Muhammad (Peace and Blessing be upon Him) said, "There are three types of dreams: a righteous dream which is glad tidings from Allah, the dream which causes sadness is from Satan (the devil), and a dream from the ramblings of the mind. (Related by Muslim).thus these non verbal cues which are presented by our dreams communicate very important things to us.another example is the concept of istakhara in islam,in which Allah Himself communicates his important message to us through some signs. Thus Most people have an occasional precognitive dream: A dream that tells us what will occur in the future. Some analysts believe that colors in dreams have symbolic meaning.Black represents guilt or deep emotions and white represents purity and spiritual feelings. Finally, the color green, like the Egyptians believed, represents healing and the power of nature. The Locations of your dream also can communicate symbolic mes-sages. If the dream occurs in front of your house, it represents something in the future. If it occurs at the rear, it represents something in the past.Upward or elevation represents spiritual or intellectual matters, while down or downward movement represents physical or basic elements in your life. If it is in a desert it suggests there is something within us that we have not paid much attention to; if its on or near a shore, it represents deeper levels of soul and spirit. ***Verbal/Nonverbal Congruence Whenever people speak, we combine the things we say with non-verbal messages. In every case, our verbal and nonverbal communication is either congruent or incongruent. your verbal msg may b getting through slightly,but your nonverbal msg is getting through more.this does not mean that your listener thinks u are lying ;more often it means she is confused.she may conclude that u are not sure about what you are saying. familiar expressions reflect this phenomenon:

What you are speaks so loudly, I cant hear what you say actions speak louder than words. On a more technical level, Im often reminded of Sigmund Frued

and

He that has eyes to see and ears to hear may convince him- self that a mortal cannot keep a secret. If his lips are silent, hechatters with his fingertips, betrayal oozes out of him at ev-ery pore The individuals in our society who best understand the importance of verbal and nonverbal congruence are professional actors and politicians. Without congruence, both of these professionals would fail in their attempt to persuade and convince voters or an audience of their sincerity. Example of Hitler Hitler was a masterful speaker. watching him, you have little doubt that he believed ab-solutely in what he was saying. As a listener, youre drawn into that beliefregardless of its objective truthor validity. And so were the German people drawn in.After World War II, many Germans said that when Hitler spoke theyfelt like they were held in the palm of his hand.Its been widely reported that Hitler studied gestures, facial expressions and postureincluding his own,so he also recorded himself on audio tape and film for review. When Hitler spoke about using force to accomplish his objectives,he closed his right hand and made a fist. Then, as he emphasized that action needed to be taken, he used his fist like a hammer pounding a nailand driving it home. Some tools for managing non linguistic communication through gestures: Make steady eye contact Wherever you make eye contact, keep it there. If your eyes dart aroundthe room, you will seen shifty to the audience.Dont move your head too much. Even carefully planned gestureswith the neck and head can look jerky and sudden to audiences. Suddenness (in verbal or nonverbal communication) confuses listeners.More specifically, avoid looking down (at the floor) or up (at the ceiling or lights). The first strikes most people as dishonest; the second strikes most as unprepared.Dont smile too much. Keep smiles for the first few seconds of a statement and to emphasize particular jokes or comments. Smiling constantly will seem artificial and dishonest.Use open gestures. When possible, keep your hands open and your audience. When a speakers hands are visible, audiences tend to trust him more.Dont rush. Using silenceat least occasionallydoesnt make you seem unprepared as much as staring at the ceiling does. Audiences tend to interpret a moment or

two of silence as thoughtfulness.Dont touch your face while youre talking. This may seem like a quibble, but this gesture is a sign of doubt. ***In public places Those in our society who are very aware of nonverbal communication in public places are the police. police are capable of monitoring places for suspicious looking individuals: say locations that might attract pickpockets who spot tourists by their nonverbal messages and relieve them of their belongings.Nonverbal signs that you are boring someone is when they pick lint of their clothes, take quick glances at their watches or inspect their fingernails. It is a nonverbal way of saying, the conversation has ended, why are you still talking? ***Space language: Each of us has a space language, just as we do a body language. This space language is crafted by our culture. We create 4 different types of space: 1. Intimate Physical contact to 18 inches. 2. Personal 18 inches to 4 feet. 3. Social 4 to 12 feet. 4. Public 12 feet to the range of seeing and hearing. In each, our communication behaviours differ and convey different meanings. For example, consider the volume of your voice when someone is 18 inches from you. Do you shout ? Whisper ? Now contrast the tone of your voice when someone is 12 feet away. Unquestionably there is a difference, just because of the distance involved. Our behaviours in each type of space are learned from our cultures. One needs to be sensitive to the spaces of others especially those from other cultures. When peoples attitudes towards space are different, their actions are likely to be misinterpreted. ***Time language There is also a time language how we give meaning to time communicates with others. How do you manage your time ? Do you arrive early for appointments ? Do you prioritise telephone calls ? Do you prepare an agenda for meetings ? Your response to time in these ways communicates to others; And, of course, others use of time communicates to you. Recognise that time orientations are not always the same especially in the cross-cultural arena but

they do communicate.* Monochronic people tend to view time as linear and always moving ahead. They expect events to happen as scheduled. *Polychronic people have a more indefinite view of time. Time orientations become parts of the messages that we send to and receive from one another. *** Body Language is the unspoken communication that goes on in every Face-to-Face encounter with another human being. It tells you their true feelings towards you and how well your words are being received. Between 60-80% of our message received is communicated through our Body Language, only 7-10% is attributable to the actual words of a conversation.Your ability to read and understand another person's body Language can mean the difference between making a great impression or a very bad one! It could help you in a job interview, a meeting, a business function, or a special date. *"An important aspect of running a successful business"*Your posture may show how you will approach a situation".* "Making little eye contact can say that the other person doesn't like you" ***non verbal communication in close relationships Nonverbal communication is the most powerful form of communication in close relationships. More than voice or even words, nonverbal communication helps ur closed ones to read ur mind and even you can express your emotions and feelings with it in front of them, which you are unable to express in words. It includes following aspects *interpersonal markers of physical attractiveness.*communicating affection.*nonverbal corelates of power& interpersonal dominance.*interpersonal deception.*conflict and disengagement. *****Non Verbal Communication in classroom Here's a list of assertive non linguistic discipline strategies that we can use as an observation checklist for any classroom to analyse whether it helps a teacher establish a positive and successful learning environment or not.these indeed prove v helpful for a teacher* Body language is so important! - students can read you. Crossing your arms a lot is seen as a negative stand and could put students on the defensive for no reason.* Be aware that your students also communicate their feelings as well as other messages through non verbal cues and signals. Listen to your students' body language.* Eye contact is the most powerful method of non verbal communication between people. Be sure to establish eye contact with your students to

gain their trust and make positive impressions. * Before you begin teaching/talking always "scan" the classroom and make sure "all eyes on me".* If the classroom is very noisy with students talking but they know that you want to start your lesson, one extremely effective tactic is to stand still and stare at the clock (wherever it is in the room) and wait patiently and calmly until they stop talking (do not cross your arms).*When there is silence, calmly say "You have just wasted 3,4,5, etc., minutes of my time. It is to be made up at recess". At recess, the students are to sit quietly for the amount of time they wasted and then be dismissed quietly. (No working or reading is to be done by the students during that time - you on the other hand, can mark work or do whatever).* The 5 second stare - When teaching and a student is talking, stop talking, even in mid-sentence, wait patiently staring at the student while counting to five (to yourself), and then continue teaching the lesson (stare at them, not through them - most effective).* Hold up your hand to "STOP" students from talking or doing something they shouldn't be doing.* Put your index finger to your mouth (for "Shhh") to make student(s) quiet.* Nod your head to indicate "NO", to stop them from doing something wrong and then smile and nod "yes" after they stop.* Shrug your shoulders and hand gesture to ask "What are you doing?".* Point in the direction you want a student to go to or look at.* Circulate around the room as you teach (when applicable)- you're not glued to the front of the class - too hypnotizing.* When circulating around the room and talking, touch or put your hand gently on the shoulder of the student who is not fousced and then continue walking.* Touching is a very tricky subject in today's society. Touching in any form as a behavioral deterrent must be avoided. Touching as a sign of congratulations in younger children is accepted but should be avoided for older students.* While circulating and "scanning" the classroom, as you are teaching, you notice a student who is writing or reading. Gently put their pencil, marker, or paper down on their desk and continue walking and smiling as you walk away, without losing a beat.* Frowning if you disapprove, also works well.* Lower your hand to let students know to lower their hand to ask questions later. So we can understand that non verbal communication strategies can be a very useful and powerful tool in establishing and maintaining classroom discipline in a positive motivational manner. **My collections of non verbal signs in the field

Stop

Turn right ahead

Dual carriageway ahead

End of dual carriageway

Stop ahead

Danger ahead

Traffic signal ahead

no turns

no straight way

***Conclusion: Oddities and Ends Nonverbal communication is not a mystical or magical thing. It is anaturaleven rational process by which people convey information bymeans other than words. As weve discussed in this book, these other means include everyday behaviors like posture, gestures and facial expressions. In some cases, they can include less direct behaviors, like theway a person dresses or inadvertent behaviors.Some people are more attuned to notice nonverbal communicationthan others. But dont worry, if you are not someone who naturally picksup on nonverbal cues. You can teach yourself to recognize them. This book explains some ways that you can do that.An added bonus: By training yourself to notice nonverbal cues inother people more effectively, you can also train yourself to manage thecues that you send. The great advantage in mastering nonverbal communicationis that it makes a strong impression on people around you. Byrecognizing the cues, you seem attentive and perceptive...be-cause you are attentive and perceptive. In my experience, all of this has very practical application. Specifi-cally, being keen about nonverbal cues gives you a great advantage innegotiating with other people. And, by negotiating, I mean formal busi-ness negotiations as well as informal personal negotiations the kinds of dealings that all of us have everyday. Our awareness of nonverbal communication is vital not only for our survival, but also for understanding the needs, feelings, emotions and thoughts of others. Research has revealed that messages between individuals are conveyed 55 percent from the body, 38 percent from the voiceinflection, intonation, volumeand 7 percent from the words .Considering this, it is absolutely amazing nonverbal communication is not taught in our Pakistani educational system. Every child should be given formal instruction to compliment what they already know subconsciously: Greater understanding of nonverbal communication will enhance the quality of our lives and also will give us the ability to relate to others with a greater degree of understanding, empathy, sympathy and compassion References: The Powerof NonverbalCommunication , Henry H. Calero,2005. SILVERLAKE PUBLISHING LOSANGELES, CA ABERDEEN, WA http://en.wikipedia.org www.bizmove.com http://lynn_meade.tripod.com