GAS PROdUCT SOLUTIONS

GT24/GT26 SEQUENTIAL COMBUSTION GAS TURBINES

POWER

Welcome to Alstom
Alstom is a global leader in power generation with a portfolio of products covering all fuel types. From fossil and biomass to nuclear and renewables, close to 25% of the worlds power production capacity depends on Alstom technology and services. Whether in design, manufacture, procurement or servicing, Alstom is setting the benchmark for innovative technologies that provide clean, efcient, exible and integrated power solutions. Alstom can supply anything from single components to complete turnkey power plants. Our Plant Integrator approach and power automation and control solutions ensure the optimisation of all elements to derive the maximum lifetime value from all our customers investments. Alstom has more than 100 years of experience in engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) of new power plants. But our engineers are also experts in retrotting, modernising and servicing existing plants. With operations in 70 countries, Alstom is close to customers all over the world, ensuring rapid responses and service excellence at all times.

A WIdE PORTfOLIO fOR GAS POWER SOLUTIONS:

percent of the worlds power production capacity depends on Alstom technology

25

employees around the world in 70 countries

52,000 100

With our recognised expertise all over the power generation market, we are able to nd solutions to the challenges of today.
CLEAN POWER TODAY!

GAS TUrbINeS GENERATORS HEAT ExCHANGERS PUMPS AUTOMATION ANd CONTROL SERvICES

years of industry leading expertise

We recognise the need to improve the environmental balance of legacy plants while increasing adoption of new clean energy solutions.

Alstoms gas turbines stand out for their high overall efficiency, superior availability and enhanced flexibility

GT24/GT26 Gas turbines in a class of their own

The GT24 and GT26 solutions represent an exceptionally successful approach to heavy-duty combined-cycle
technology: many of their major components and subsystems have performed outstandingly for years in a number of applications, ranging from electrical power generation in base load, intermediate or peak duty, to industrial use such as in paper mills, district heating or desalination plants.

Utilities, independent power producers and merchant power generators have to face
unprecedented change, from deregulation to tougher competition, shifting consumption trends and more stringent emissions legislation. They also need to ensure reliability of supply yet reduce the cost per kilowatt hour of producing electricity. Raising efficiency remains a constant challenge. Finally, flexibility to fuel gas composition must be included in times of global transport of fuel gas. Alstom has addressed all of these challenges. The result is the compact GT24 (60 Hz) and GT26 (50 Hz) sequential combustion gas turbines, solutions that lower the kilowatt-hour cost combined with high availability by raising the efficiency in combined-cycle operation.

Environmental emissions are optimised thanks to Alstoms unique, sequential combustion technology,
which burns the fuel in two, dry low-NOx combustor stages. The GT24/GT26 can do all this with conventional firing temperatures and burners that are robust enough to cope with the wide fuel gas compositions now seen. Whats more, in addition to increasing their efficiency levels and power density, the operational flexibility of GT24/GT26 gas turbines is significantly improved and their turndown capability is unique, making them ideally suited to todays markets.

GT24/GT26

Right technology,

Key benefits
Competitive kilowatt hour
In combined-cycle applications, the GT24/GT26 is capable of producing high efficiency over a wide load range, using proven gas turbine technology.

Operational flexibility
Sequential combustion means unrivalled operational flexibility, including the ability to handle wide fluctuations in gas compositions. With an operating range down to 20%, lowload operation and low NOx emissions, the plant can meet all power demands. And the GT24/GT26 is capable of switching online between performance-optimised and maintenance-costoptimised modes.

High availability
Conventional turbine inlet temperatures, a uniform annular temperature profile, a maintenance-free, welded rotor and a simple and robust EV burner all help to reduce maintenance needs and therefore improve availability.

Clean Power
Sequential combustion technology is the industrys most innovative platform for clean power generation, resulting in gas turbines with low emissions and high efficiency.

High power density

High power density designs lead to smaller components. Compared with Alstoms medium-class gas turbines, the GT24/GT26 provides up to 60% more output for the same footprint.

The highly efficient GT24/GT26: the result of extensive experience and evolutionary development.
04

right product

Higher Performance, Cleaner Power The CHALLENGE

Industry has always sought to develop a gas turbine
with higher efficiency. The traditional solution is to raise the firing temperature at the turbine inlet.

The SOLuTION
There is another way. By injecting fuel into two
combustion systems in series, it is possible to increase output and cycle efficiency without significantly increasing the emissions at full and part load, since the firing temperature in the first combustor can be kept relatively low, and the second combustor does not make a substantial contribution to the level of engine NOx emissions. This is called sequential combustion.

This has drawbacks, however: it increases emissions

into the atmosphere and subjects the entire gas turbine system to higher temperatures and thermal stresses.

The usual result is more frequent maintenance and reduced availability defeating the initial objective. For decades conventional wisdom has decreed that efficiency cannot be increased in any other way.

For more than 50 years, Alstom has been a pioneer

in sequential combustion technology. Over the years, we have made major system and component innovations, introduced incrementally, with successive gas turbine models. These include our industry-leading EV burners, annular combustion design and solid welded rotor. In so doing, we have succeeded in uncoupling emissions and efficiency through an inventive yet basic application of elementary thermodynamics.

CLEAN POWER TODAY!

05

Alternative approach,

Sequential

Sequential combustion can be visualised as a gas turbine comprising two combustor-turbines in series, where the exhaust gases from the first turbine feed the combustor of the second. An efficient 22-stage subsonic compressor feeds combustion air into the first combustor. Fuel is mixed with the high-pressure air and burns in the first combustor the annular eV combustor. The hot gases drive the single-stage high-pressure turbine. Unlike conventional turbines, fuel is then injected into a second burner set and spontaneously ignites in the following annular combustion zone, the SeV (Sequential eV) combustor, thereby reheating the air and further expanding it through four low-pressure turbine stages. The temperature of the eV combustor is maintained at a nearly constant level, resulting in lower NOx emissions and cleaner power.

Industry-leading burners
1st-stage EV combustor
The EV combustor has an annular burner arrangement. The GT24/GT26 gas turbines are fitted with retractable EV burners. Compared with other combustor arrangements, the annular combustor distributes the hot gas, circumferentially, at a much more uniform temperature.
Combustion air Spray evaporation Vortex breakdown

Lean Premix Gas Rich Premix Gas Premix Gas

Lean Premix Gas injection holes

Ignition

Flame front

Radial temperature uniformity is accomplished by pre-mixing compressor air with the fuel in the EV burner, and by the absence of film cooling in the convection-cooled combustor walls. This produces a single, uniform flame ring in the free space of the EV combustion zone. A key benefit is that the flame has no contact with the walls of the burner. These design features distinguish the EV combustor significantly from other combustion systems.

06

combustion:

optimised design

Like all the best ideas, sequential combustion is based on a simple concept: the reheat principle.

2nd-stage SEV combustor

In the annular SEV combustor, the combustion process is repeated as in the EV namely, vortex generation, fuel injection, pre-mixing and flame stabilisation in a vortex. The SEV combustor contains SEV burners distributed in a ring, followed by an annular combustion zone surrounded by convectioncooled walls. Exhaust gas from the high-pressure turbine enters the SEV combustor through the diffuser area. Combustion temperature uniformity in the SEV, as in the EV, is achieved by the uniform premixing of fuel with air in a swirling flow with high mixing intensity. Each SEV burner contains four delta-shaped vortex generators on each burner wall in order to form four pairs of vortices in the combustion air.

Fuel is then injected through an air-cooled fuel lance, distributed with four jets into the vortex pairs such that it forms a perfect fuel/air mixture prior to combustion. The fuel jet is surrounded by cool carrier-air that delays spontaneous ignition until the fuel/air mixture has reached the combustion zone. Here, the mixture ignites spontaneously and, as in the EV combustion occurs in a single, stable flame ring, operating across its entire load range. The EV and SEV do not require any parts replacement prior to HGPI (Hot Gas Path Inspection), C inspection. This mechanical simplicity determines the high reliability and availability of the GT24/GT26 design.

07

Its beauty lies

High power density

The sequential combustion concept results in a gas turbine with extremely high power density enabling the smaller blade dimensions of GT24/GT26 machines. The five rows of turbine blades are anchored in fir-tree slots. Air from the compressor cools the high-pressure turbine stage and the first three low-pressure turbine stages utilising a combination of film- and convection-cooling techniques.

Maximised performance
The cooling air for the hot gas path components is taken from four extraction points along the compressor. Air from two of these secondary airflows is used directly, while the two other streams are cooled by heat exchangers (once-through coolers) before entering the hot gas path components. The heat rejected is recovered in the water-steam cycle, which maximises the performance of the GT24/GT26 in combined cycle applications. In simple cycle applications, the cooling is achieved by quenching water, which is introduced directly into the secondary air stream.

08

in its simplicity

Maintenance-free welded rotor

There is no need to destack and re-stack during the rotor lifetime. Alstoms welded rotor was first introduced in 1929 for steam turbines and the concept has been used successfully in Alstom gas and steam turbines ever since. The welded rotor design eliminates maintenance work such as restacking and disk replacement during the service life of the rotor in any major overhaul of the gas turbine.

09

Performance

Efficiency only equaled by its reliability

Although a large amount of the total unit fuel is burned in the SEV combustor, very little additional NOx (at 15% O2) is formed in the SEV combustor, mainly due to the low oxygen content of the incoming air. At full load, approximately half of the total amount of fuel is burnt in the first-stage EV combustor. Initial expansion occurs in the single-stage high-pressure turbine (HPT). The high-pressure turbine exhaust gas enters entirely into the second combustor. The remaining fuel is introduced and burnt in the second reheat combustor (the SEV combustor). The second expansion occurs in a four-stage low-pressure turbine (LPT). At over 600C, the exhaust gas temperatures are ideal for combined cycle applications. The GT24/GT26 achieves low NOx emission levels, not only at full load, but also down to low-part loads. This is due to the operation concept that maintains the EV combustor temperature at a nearly constant level. Furthermore, the SEV combustor produces only little additional NOx. The EV/SEV burners also enable dry low NOx combustion with different grades of natural gases, and the use of liquid fuel as back-up.

10

with unique track record

Performance and operational flexibility, with a unique track record

Alstom is the pioneer of operational flexibility. We are the pioneer in introducing the low load concept, which means that the plant can be parked at 20% load during periods of low demand during part-load operation. Efficiency of our plant stays virtually constant from 100% down to 80% load and even at the lowest load, emissions stay within statutory limits. The proven output and efficiency are being offered from an existing and well-proven technology platform. This gas turbine technology has over 15 years operating experience with more than 4.5 million operating hours. The GT24/GT26 gas turbine is still the only advanced-class turbine with sequential combustion and proven technology to deliver: Low Cost of Electricity High All-round Efficiency Exceptional Operational Flexibility

11

The Alstom

Powertrain
4

2 1

Powertrain arrangements
Alstom has extensive experience with both single- and multi-shaft powertrain arrangements, in all types of operating regimes from base load to daily start & stop.

[1] STEAM TURBINE Alstom steam turbines offer:

P turbine shrink-ring design for sustained efficiency and H fast start-up welded rotor design for fast start-up and low maintenance ingle-bearing design for compact arrangement s ingle axial and lateral-exhaust designs also available for lower s foundations and lower first costs.

[3] GAS TURBINE

Alstom gas turbines - the core of any combined cycle plant.

[4] HEAT RECOvERy STEAM GENERATOR (HRSG) Alstoms range of HrSGs provides:
both drum type and once-through technology optimised cold-end.

Performance for maximised combined-cycle efficiency

high thermal flexibility for fast start-up highly modularised design for fast site erection.

[2] TURBOGENERATOR
Alstom turbogenerators demonstrate high efficiency, reliability and availability with low maintenance requirements. According to plant size and arrangement, both air-cooled TOPAIR and hydrogen-cooled TOPGAS generators are available.

12

Optimised design

Alternative approach, additional advantages

How it works
1 2 5

[1] COMPRESSEd AIR

is fed into the EV burner, creating a homogeneous, lean fuel/air mixture. The vortex flow, induced by the shape of the burner, breaks down at the EV burner exit into the combustion zone, forming a central recirculation zone.

[2] THE MIxTURE

ignites to form a single, low-temperature flame ring. The inner recirculation zone stabilises the flame in the free space within the combustion zone, avoiding contact with the burner wall.

[3] THE HOT ExHAUST GAS,

low in oxygen content, exits the first combustor and moves through the high-pressure turbine stage before entering the SEV burner.

[4] vORTEx GENERATORS

in the SEV burner enhance the mixing process, while carrier air, injected with the fuel at the SEV fuel lance, delays spontaneous ignition until the mixture enters the annular SEV combustion chamber.

[5] IGNITION OCCURS

when the fuel reaches self-ignition temperature in the free space of the SEV combustor. The hot gas then continues its path into the low-pressure turbine.

13

Innovative concepts
Sequential combustion applications
COmbINed-CyCLe A combined-cycle power plant is an efficient and environmentally sound way to generate electrical power. Sequential combustion provides optimum exhaust temperatures for combined-cycle use, the main application for which the GT24 and GT26 have been developed. The two combustors in the GT24/GT26 sustain high efficiency and low emissions at part load operation through control of the inlet air flow by four rows of variable guide vanes. This means the thermodynamic quality of the sequential combustion combinedcycle remains nearly constant. As a result, the GT24/GT26 combined-cycle offers high efficiency over the operational load range, with virtually constant efficiency between 100% and 80% CCPP load. This maximises the long-term value of GT24/GT26 power plants by significantly broadening their operating flexibility a key success factor for todays competitive power generation market. Langage combined-cycle power plant in Devon, uK.

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

KA26
2%-4%

CCPP Relative

Single Combustor GT

Superior part-load efficiency characteristic of the KA24/KA26 CCPP. One distinct feature is the fact that the plant efficiency stays nearly constant from 100% down to 80% combined cycle, a unique capability in the market.

Typical MSL

rePOwerING wITH SeqUeNTIAL COmbUSTION GAS TUrbINeS Alstom has developed a hybrid plant concept combining conventional steam plants with the GT24/GT26. These plants combine operating and dispatching flexibility with continuous fuel optimisation, low O&M costs and moderate capital investment. The concept responds to the most critical requirements of modern power generation systems low generating costs, greater fuel mix capabilities, operational flexibility and minimum environmental impact. It also enables extraordinary design flexibility by integrating highperformance sequential-combustion gas-turbine technology with a wide range of existing or new conventional steam power plants. 14

that also lower costs

Gas turbines in action - project highlights

SHOREHAM / uK CARTAGENA / SPAIN ISLAND COGEN / CANADA

A GT26 merchant power plant application Scottish Power Ltd selected the KA26-1 standard single-shaft design to build a combined-cycle power plant at Shoreham Harbour in the United Kingdom. The plant was completed in december 2000 and is managed on a merchant plant basis. It has operated at both base load and intermediate duties.

A GT26 fast-track project in Spain The Cartagena project, a 1200 MW combined-cycle power plant consisting of three independent blocks equipped with dual-fuel GT26 gas turbines, was awarded to Alstom in december 2003 with a very aggressive timetable. The first unit was finished within 25 months, with the other units following at one month intervals. This is a repeat order for Gas Natural, which already owns and operates two other GT26 combined-cycle power plants in Spain. EL SAuZ / MEXICO

A GT24 in cogeneration application Island Cogen is a 250 MW gas-fired combined-cycle cogeneration power plant at Campbell River in British Columbia, Canada. The plant is owned by Calpine and delivers steam to an adjacent paper mill.

TARANAKI / NEW ZEALAND

LAKE ROAD / uSA

The first GT26 single-shaft power plant Contact Energy in New Zealand is the owner of an Alstom turnkey 360 MW combined-cycle power plant, featuring the GT26 sequential combustion gas turbine. Taranaki is arranged in a single-shaft configuration and represents the first standardised reference plant solution with the GT26. This triple-pressure reheat combined-cycle plant has been in continuous base load operation since July 1998.

efficiency increase by 20% Alstom won a contract with Spains ACS Group to provide power equipment and services for the El Sauz combined cycle power plant in Queretaro, one of Mexicos most industrialized states. A new GT24 gas turbine to replace the existing gas turbines and will retrofit the steam turbine at the existing El Sauz gas-fired power plant, which has been operating since 1981. This new contract will add 25 years to El Sauz combined cycle power plant and boost its efficiency by 20%.

Superior reliability & availability Road generating plant in dayville, Connecticut, U.S.A. Lake Road is a 792 MW combined-cycle generating facility based on three GT24 gas turbines. The units have exhibited good starting reliability and high availabilities during operation. The Lake Road combinedcycle generating facility features dual fuel flexibility that utilizes natural gas as the primary combustion source and distillate fuel oil as a backup. The plant entered commercial operations in May 2002.

15

Partnership throughout

The Alstom Power Plant

Located in Birr, Switzerland, the Alstom Power Plant provides a unique environment for maintaining the incomparable advantages of the GT24/GT26 range, all within the proximity of Alstoms R&D facility, gas turbine development department, manufacturing plant and power plant. The latter is equipped with a dual-fuel GT26 gas turbine, operating in simple-cycle mode, connected directly to the 220 kV Swiss power grid. As it is an Alstom facility, the turbines can be submitted to a real-life comprehensive validation process that leaves nothing out in terms of loads, limits or duration. The GT26 is operated under real service conditions without any commercial constraints. This includes fuel switch-over operation between gas and oil. The power plant has oil storage sufficient to run the GT26 for 12 hours at full-load. Together with the Product Support organisation and the GT development department, the Power Plant means Alstom can ensure seamless implementation of evolutionary product improvements based on actual GT24/GT26 fleet experience.

In-depth service portfolio combined with broad experience

In todays power generation and industrial markets, plant owners and operators seek to establish long-term cooperation with major Original Equipment Manufacturers. They look for partners who are willing and able to develop solutions that will increase production efficiency and reduce emissions throughout the lifetime of their equipment. As part of Alstoms commitment to providing complete plant services for optimal performance, we are dedicated to supporting you to cost-effectively maintain your gas turbine and combined-cycle (GT/CC) power plants. Our flexible and customised expert services cover solutions at all stages of the plant lifecycle or if requested simply on single components including: New and improved parts Reconditioning Services Advice and operational support Field service Performance improvements Service contracts Services on other OEM gas turbines

16

the plants lifecycle

We are where our customers are

Alstoms footprint and broad industry expertise enables us to support you in an efficient and responsive manner around the world. With a network of over 60 Local Service Centres in 70 countries, there is always a dedicated Service manager close at hand and available around the clock to respond to your needs. 2 GT/CC product centres 4 GT/CC execution centres 7 GT reconditioning workshops 7 field service network

AmerICAS danville Richmond Richmond Richmond Jupiter Jupiter Jupiter Sao Paulo

eUrOPe Baden Baden Baden Ashby Birr Karlovac

mIddLe eAST / ASIA PACIFIC dubai dubai dubai Rabigh Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur

Reconditioning Workshop Execution Centre Product Centre Field Service Network

17

Services
Service Contracts
Alstoms service contracts are tailored to meet all your operational, maintenance and support requirements. whether you prefer a Long Term Agreement (LTA) or an Operation & maintenance (O&m) contract with Alstoms comprehensive, yet flexible agreements, you can be sure of a win-win situation.

Partnerships for performance

Long-term agreements are based on framework contracts that define prices and conditions in advance. Besides offering preferential conditions for high quality parts and services, the LTA reduces administrative efforts and simplifies planning. The scope of services and equipment covered, as well as the contract duration and risk sharing, can be adapted perfectly to your needs. LTAs offer many immediate advantages: Fixed preferential prices for parts and services Flexible scope to suit operative strategy Extendable scope to include almost any aspect of plant operations Alstoms operation and maintenance contracts let plant owners devise completely new management strategies by outsourcing risks and responsibilities. Take advantage of performance and availability guarantees through tailored agreements that perfectly suit your required service and equipment scope. Alstoms O&M contracts are fee-based agreements that: Mitigate risks Leverage Alstoms extensive experience in plant asset management Can be adapted to suit your business strategy

Plant Support CentreTM

expert support around-the-clock
Alstoms Plant Support Center (PSC) offers fast and comprehensive technical support solutions to keep plants competitive. Besides remote monitoring and diagnostic services, the PSC provides 24/7 operation support and direct access to a global network of technical experts who assist in troubleshooting, assessment and re-commissioning and analyse equipment trends. Besides practical experience, our plant operation experts rely on comprehensive and proprietary knowledge management tools. If required, they can also call in Alstom experts with specific engineering know-how and fleet-wide experience to assist with operational support or more detailed investigations.

18

TPW/BPROB/GSTRBN12/eng/THP/06.12/FR/7691 ALSTOM 2012. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to any particular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited. Photo credits: 2007 Bryon Paul McCartney | www.atelier-mccartney.com, Alstom and others. Layout and realisation: Les ditions Stratgiques

Alstom contributes to the protection of the environment. This brochure is printed on environmentally-friendly paper.

Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd Brown Boveri Strasse 7 CH-5401 Baden Phone: +41 56 205 6923

www.alstom.com/power