Final Examination of Teaching Media Name Students ID : Lidya Velesia : 0902271 Wednesday, December 28th 2011 1.

What do you know about Edgar Dales Cone? Answer: Edgar Dales cone is a graphical representation of model of visual classification on ways of learning experiences. The theory assisted in the development of utilizing audio and visual methods of learning that were used within the instructional technology field. The cone was used to create depiction symbol of learning from the most concrete level of experience that located in the top of cone. it is also implemented a variation of experiences in series from the very basic to enhanced learning experiences with the intent to immerse the learner further within the subject matter in order to retain a greater knowledge of the material. Senses from movement, sight, hearing, touching are meant to utilize a variety of senses of learners at different experiences to create learning process. Edgar Dale's cone from the top to bottom of cone: Verbal Symbols Visual Symbols Radio Recordings Still Pictures Motion Picture Exhibits Field Trips Demonstrations

Dramatic Participation Contrived Experiences Direct Purposeful Experiences

"The cone of Experience" from Audio-Visual Methods in Teaching, 1st Edition, by Edgar Dale, 1969. 2. There are some understanding of instructional media that suggested by experts. Please try to give 3 examples of ideas instructional media that you know? Answer: Gagne (1970) defines that media are various components in learners environment which support the learners learn. Briggs (1970) defines media are physical means which are used to send messages to the students and stimulate them to learn. Scanlan states that instructional media encompasses all the materials and physical means an instructor and teacher might use to implement instruction and facilitate learners' achievement of instructional objectives. This may include traditional materials such as chalkboards, handouts, charts, slides, overheads, real objects, flash card and videotape or film, as well newer materials and methods such as computers, DVDs, CD-ROMs, the Internet, and interactive video conferencing. 3. There are various grouping of instructional media, some of which are grouped into visual media, etc. Please specify and describe the type of media types that included into the visual media! Answer: Visual media in General: Film, picture, video-tape, television, disc (DVD-VCD), e-learning using flash or game. Chalkboards, handouts, charts, slides, real object, graph,

Media that is not projected

Real media is a real object. The object should not be presented in the classroom, but students can see directly into the object. The advantages of this realie media are able to provide a real experience to students.

Replica. The model is a replica object in the form of three-dimensional representation or a substitute for the real thing. The use of models to address specific constraints as a substitute for realie. Graphic media classified as visual media that deliver messages through visual symbols. The function of graphic media is attracting attention, serving to clarify the lesson, and illustrate a fact or a concept that easily overlooked if only through verbal explanation. The types of graphic media are Image or photo Sketch : the most commonly used : a simple picture or rough draft that portrays the

principal without any detail. Diagram or schematic : a simple picture using lines and symbols to describe the structure of certain objects in outline. Chart : presenting an idea or concept that is difficult so it is

more easily digested students. Graph : a simple drawing using lines, dots, or verbal symbols

that describe a particular form of quantitative data.

Media projections Media transparency: invaluable tool to teach the true face to face, because the layout of classrooms remain as usual, teachers can meet with students (without having to back to the students). Film frames or slides are transparent films that generally measure 35 mm and a framed 2x2 inches. In one package containing several film frames are separated from each other. 4. Madame Cempaka is a biology teacher in the one of Senior High School that located in the centre of the city. The existence of the school that situated in the centre of the city often make it difficult for her to give a real experience to their students about it materials to conveys. In example when she explain an alternative source of protein for human fulfilment. She wants to explain one of the fulfilments of protein that obtained from a type of snail. Probably for students that lives in the village, snail is not a weird

animal because they often to see this animal. But for the students that live between the concrete jungles in the Jakarta, the existence of this animal is very rare, perhaps even among those who had never seen it directly. So, what is Madame Cempaka do to solve the problem? With the courage she tried to borrow a copy of the television program, New Food Sources which aired by a television station. Further, by borrowing a video tape and take advantage of school owned television, Madame Cempaka and students can watch broadcast television program, New Food Sources. At first it seemed strange impression program for students, there are no interesting comments and some said better if the film aired the story, and so on. But after they were asked to discuss some of those impressions, then they realize that they are witnessed that it is the subject matter, finally they asked to shown once again. From the description: a. What the benefits that can be taken from media provided by Madame Cempaka! b. Sort by the steps undertaken by Madame Cempaka as biology teacher? Answer: a. The benefits that can be taken from the media that provided by Madame Cempaka: 1. The students that cannot ever see the snail can see the snail in very detail because in the television program usually explain the object very detail. 2. Media help instructional time effectively because teacher can get other results qualification such as in affective, cognitive and psychomotor value in the same time without being too busy. 3. The media help teacher to effective in cost because teacher is not possible to get them go to field trip in only just for observing snail, not only because the snail in not included to animal that exist in the zoo and may if teacher ask to field trip, the journey may take long time. b. As biology teacher, Madame Cempaka may use real object so that the real object representing all clearly. But since the teacher is teaches in the centre of the city, the possibility to find out the real object is small. So the teacher uses the media that represent the object clearly in their habitat. When using picture, it is may used but might not effective because Madame Cempaka will

difficult to correlate the snail to the subject matter. So the teacher using video-

tape (here is the television video) that related to the subject matter that is explaining the new food sources. 5. Ability to choose instructional media is very important to belong to teacher. a. Write and explain what are factors or aspects that must be considered to choose instructional media especially in biology subject! b. Give illustration in shape of drawings or charts linkages related to those aspects! Answer: a. Factors and aspects that must be considered to choose instructional media especially in biology subject: Access : whether the media that we require are available, easy,

and can be put to good use. Cost transparent. Technology : whether the media is easy, the technology of electricity : the fund must appropriate with need and must be

in example. Is the prudent of the media itself efficient or no. Interactivity : the media should made students interactive and

decrease fell of boring in during the class. Is the content of the material inside media that teacher used is make students interest and pay attention or may not? Organization : before the media used, is the entire teacher are capable and accept the media based from the aspect above or no? The consideration from all the people inside the school must be noted. Novelty : in other word is called the innovation of the media

itself. Is the media updated can be used in the school in sight of human resources capability? Or in sight of the quantity and quality of the school itself? Resources : is the resources from any sight is qualified with what

the target in the list in make media? Objectives : the target or aim using instructional media in biology

and the appropriateness.

b. The draw:

6. Ability or skill is required in such a basic competence can be developed through the use of learning media. Try to give an illustration (scenario learning) or the type of skills that can be expanded on student learning and relationships in biology subject. a. Competency standards : describe objects and biological problems at various levels of organizational life (molecules, cells, tissues, organs, individuals, populations, ecosystems, biomes) Answer:

Lesson Activity Core Activity : Teacher shows them flash that related to ecosystem. And teacher such as: The teacher separates the students by month they born. After that students may sit everywhere based on their month group. Teacher would ask, Which group had born at January? after teacher ask them, teacher gives them card that represent abiotic and biotic things. Students ask that people in the same group called as population. After that students had given stimulation by teacher to combine one group to another. So now there are 6 big groups. The combination of groups called as community. After community had explained, the students make group of ecosystem by unite them in one place. By this simulation, students can understand the meaning of the stage of living organization. The teacher ask them to open their e-learning and playing with the quiz that related to ecosystem.

7. Instructional video has kinds of advantages compared with another media. Explain about the properties and benefits of video? Answer: a. Greatly assist teachers in achieving learning effectiveness especially on the subjects that the majority of practices. b. Maximize the achievement of learning goals in a short time c. Stimulate interest in learning to be more independent learners.

d. Learners can discuss or ask for an explanation to her classmates. e. Learners can learn to concentrate more. f. The reason Learners are more focused and more competent. g. Learners become active and motivated to practice the exercises. h. Learners can display them at home because the material that already in the format or VCD movies. i. Meeting the demands of educational progress of time, particularly in the use of field of media technology. j. Giving more power in structure comprehension skills.