Using Darcy-Weisbach

2
2 5 4
8
f
l
Q L K
h
g D D t
( | | | |
= +
| |
(
\ . \ .

5 4
8 f
l
g h
Q
L K
D D
t =
( | | | |
+
| |
(
\ . \ .

f l m i nor
h h h = +

4 2
2
8
D g
Q
K h
minor
t
=
2
2 5
8
f
f
L Q
h
g D t
=
2
2 5 4
8
f
l
Q L K
h
g D D t
( | | | |
= +
| |
(
\ . \ .

5 4
8 f
l
g h
Q
L K
D D
t =
( | | | |
+
| |
(
\ . \ .

2
2 5
8
f
f
L Q
h
g D t
=
The friction factor doesnt vary greatly
If Q is known assume f is 0.02, if D is known
assume rough pipe law
Use Darcy Weisbach and minor loss equations
Solve for Q or D
Calculate Re and c/D
Find new f on Moody diagram
Iterate

The friction factor doesnt vary greatly
If Q is known assume f is 0.02, if D is known
assume rough pipe law
Use Darcy Weisbach and minor loss equations

Calculate Re and c/D
Find new f on Moody diagram
1 3 . 7
2 lo g
f
D
c
| |
=
|
\ .
DATA INPUT
Kb
0
o
rad 0.131 x q
0.660
Weir 0 903.29 0 0.00 0.00000
0+100 10.00 676.73 16.00 0.28 0.05645
0+200 12.00 676.46 8.00 0.14 0.03572
0+300 24.00 676.19 42.00 0.73 0.10672
0+400 6.40 675.92 36.00 0.63 0.09640
0+500 5.00 675.65 53.00 0.93 0.12443
0+600 7.40 892.06 53.00 0.93 0.12443
Total Length 2435.06 0.54415
Total Kb = 0.54
Select Entrance type Perpendicular square Entrance
Entrance Loss, Ki = 0.5
Select Outlet Type Submerge outlet
Outlet Loss, Ko = 1
Losses due to sudden contractions
D
1
/D
2
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Kc 0 0.25 0.35 0.40
Where D
1
/D
2
is the ratio of the larger diameter to that of the smaller diameter
If D
1
/D
2
is not found in the table
By interpolation
D
1
= 1.86
D
2
= 1.86
D
1
/D
2
Kc
Higher value 1.5 0.25
Your value 1 0
Lower value 1 0
D
1
= 1.86
D
2
= 1.86
D
1
/D
2
Kc
Higher value 1.5 0.25
Your value 1 0
Lower value 1 0
Sudden Contraction
Loss, Kc = 0
Losses through fully opened valves
Select Type of Valve GATE
Kv = 0.1
Total Value of K = 2.14
Minor Headloss Coefficient Computation
Point Location Elevation
Deflection angle
Pipe length
SOURCE OF INFORMATION
"Study of Bend Losses in Large Pipes" (SML)
From AWWA M11 Manual:
Inlet losses
Perpendicular square Entrance 0.5
Inward Projecting Inlet 0.8
Slightly Rounded 0.2
Bell Mouth Inlet 0.1
Outlet loss
Submerge outlet 1 `
Drop outlet 0
Losses through fully opened valves
TYPE Kv
SPHERICAL 0
GATE 0.1
BUTTERFLY
(t/D = 0.2) 0.3
Minor Headloss Coefficient Computation
Inputs: Source of Information:
Diameter 1.61 m
Water Level at Desander 903.29 mASL
Headrace Pipe Top Elevation 892.06 mASL
Pipe Length, L 2,435.06 m
Headloss 11.23 m
Gravitational acceleration, g 9.810 m
2
/s
Pipe Centerline at Surgetank 889.833 mASL
Pipe submergence 1.48 m
Calculation:
A.1 Assume Turbulent flow, compute for f:
Pipe Roughness, 2.5000 mm
Friction factor, f 0.1286 m
Minor Headloss Coefficient, K 14.45
(K/D
4
) 2.15 m 3.40
(fL/D
5
) 28.95 m 7.8273562
Actual Headloss, Hl
actual
11.23 m 11.229981
Discharge Capacity 2.090530876 m
3
/s
Velocity 1.026868786 m/s
A.2 Compute final friction factor using initial diameter:
Kenimatic Viscocity 0.000001007 m
2
/s
Reynolds Number 1,641,766.38
Type of Flow Turbulent
New Friction Factor 0.021977844
A.3 Recompute final diameter using new friction factor:
(fL/D
5
) 4.95 m
Dischargecap 4.38 m
Velocity, V 2.149426576 m/s
Pipe Roughness, 0.0025 m
Pipe Length, L 2,435.06 m
Minor Headloss, hm 3.40 m
Friction Headloss, hf 7.83 m
Friction Loss, Hlactual 11.23 m
Reynolds Number, Re 3,433,455.37
Friction Factor, f 0.02202
Discharge Capacity 4.37 m
3
/s
Velocity, V 2.15 m/s
Checking Swamee-Jain Limits:
Check: /D 0.001552795 >> OK 10
-6
< /D < x10
-2
Check: Re 3,433,455.4 >> OK 5000<Re<10
8
A. Darcy-Weisbach Equation:
B. Swamee-Jain Equation:
Discharge Computation
Goal Seek
From To From To
Brass and Glass pipe 0.009 0.013 0.009 0.011
Asbestos-cement pipe 0.010 0.012
Wrought-iron and weleded steel pipe 0.010 0.014 0.011 0.013
Wood stave pipe 0.010 0.014 0.011 0.013
Clean cast-iron pipe 0.010 0.015 0.011 0.013
Concrete pipe 0.010 17.000
very smooth 0.011 0.012
"wet mix", steel forms 0.012 0.014
"dry mix", rough forms 0.015 0.016
with rough joints 0.016 0.017
Common-clay drainage tile 0.011 0.017 0.012 0.014
Vitrified sewer pipe 0.010 0.017 0.013 0.015
Riveted-steel pipe 0.013 0.017 0.015 0.017
Dirty or tuberculated cast-iron pipe 0.015 0.035
Corrugated-iron pipe 0.020 0.022
pg 199.., HYDRAULICS By H.W. King, C.O. Wisler, J.G. Woodburn
Viscocity Table
Type of channel and description Min. Normal Max. T
A. Closed conduits flowing partly full 0
A-1. Metal 5
a. Brass, smooth 0.009 0.010 0.013 10
b. Steel 15
1. Lockbar and welded 0.010 0.012 0.014 20
2. Riveted and spiral 0.013 0.016 0.017 25
c. Cast-iron 30
1. Coated 0.010 0.013 0.014 35
2. Uncoated 0.011 0.014 0.016 40
d. Wrought iron 45
1. Black 0.012 0.014 0.015 50
2. Galvanized 0.013 0.016 0.017 55
e. Corrugated metal 60
1. Subdrain 0.017 0.019 0.021 65
2. Strom drain 0.021 0.010 0.030 70
75
80
85
90
95
100
References
Grade Input Values
Values of n to Be used with the Manning Formula
Values of the Roughness Coefficient, n (Chow, 1959)
Kind of Pipe
Variation Use in Designing
ASTM Material Designation Grade Minimum
Yield
Strength
ksi (MPa)
Minimum
Tensile
Strength
ksi (MPa)
A139 B 35 (242) 60 (415) B
C 42 (290) 60 (415) C
D 46 (315) 60 (415) D
E 52 (360) 66 (455) E
55
A36/A36M 36 (248) 58 (400) 60
A516/A516M 55 30 (205) 55 (380) 65
60 32 (220) 60 (415) 70
65 35 (240) 65 (450)
70 38 (260) 70 (485)
Steel Sheet (Flat Coil)
Steel Plate
Moody Diagram
Viscocity Table
kinematic viscosity (m
2
/s)
0.000001792
0.000001519
0.000001308
0.000001141
0.000001007
0.000000897
0.000000804
0.000000727
0.000000661
0.000000605
0.000000556
0.000000513
0.000000477
0.000000444
0.000000415
0.00000039
0.000000367
0.000000347
0.000000328
0.000000311
0.000000296
References