SUBJECT: Video Engineering EXPERIMENT NO.

TITLE: To study the Working of operating unit and Tuner Section. DATE: REV. NO.: 1.01

DOC. CODE: AITS/ECD/EXPT/602

Experiment No. 2

Aim: - To study the Working of operating unit and Tuner Section. Apparatus :
1. Operating unit and electronic tuner section 2. Pattern Generator and D.M.M. 3. Connecting wires and Power Supply

Theory: (A) TUNER: The electronic tuner consists of RF amplifier local oscillator and mixer. IT receives RF input signal from the antenna via balun (a matching transformer with a ferromagnetic core upon which four tightly coupled and evenly spaced windings are connected to provide an impedance transformation from 300 ohm balance-source to a 75 ohm unbalanced load) at the input socket. The RF amplifier: It selects signal of desired channel and provides signal amplification at a point where signal strength is minimum and feds to mixer stage. The local oscillator stage : It provides a frequency to the Mixer stage that can be heterodyned with signals. In TV receivers the oscillator frequency is kept above the incoming RF frequency and is equal to sum of RF frequency and receiver IF frequency. The mixer stage: It receives signals from both the RF amplifier and from the local oscillator circuit and gives IF output which is given to VIF section. Suppose the RF tuner is tuned at channel 4. The carrier frequencies for audio and video signal are 67.75Mhz and 62.25 MHz respectively. At channel 4 the frequency of local oscillator is 101.15 MHz. The carrier and oscillator frequencies beat together to produce sum and difference carrier frequencies 9 in MHz of (67.75 + 101.15), (62.25 + 101.15), (101.15 67.75) and (101.15 62.25). These difference frequencies of 33.4 MHz and 38.9 MHz are called intermediate frequency (IF) signals for audio and video respectively. Tuner AGC signal is also given to the tuner from VIF section to control its gain. AFT signal is given to tuner from VIF section for automatic fine-tuning. +12.0 V is supplied to the tuner pin 4. The desired band of the tuner is selected by giving. LB. HB and UB voltage from operating unit form the selection Band I, Band III and Band UHF respectively. Also tuning voltage (TU) is given from the RR for tuning the desired channel in the selected band. C101, C102, C103, are decoupling capacitors for +12.0 V and AGC signals respectively. The RF input comes to RF amplifier via Antenna and Balun transformer. The RF amplifies this signal with maximum signal to noise ratio. Local Oscillator generates the sine wave oscillation of the frequency equal to RF channel frequency (higher side) plus 33.15 MHz. This local frequency and RF signal from the RF amplifier is heterodyned in mixer stage to produce IF signal. E.g. for channel no.5 (174MHz to 181MHz) local osc. Frequency is 181+33.15 = 214.15 MHz. Picture carrier frequency = 174.00 + 1.25 = 175.25 MHz. ______________________________________________________________ Atmiya Institute of Technology & Science, Rajkot

SUBJECT: Video Engineering EXPERIMENT NO. 2

TITLE: To study the Working of operating unit and Tuner Section. DATE: REV. NO.: 1.01

DOC. CODE: AITS/ECD/EXPT/602

Sound carrier frequency = 175.25 + 5.50 = 180.75 MHz. By heterodyning in mixer, output frequency of mixer are 214.15 MHz 175.25 = 38.9 MHz (picture I.F.) and 214.15 MHz 180.75 = 33.4 MHz (sound I.F.). The composite I.F. signal is produced at the output of tuner. Twin Lead 300 Antenna Input Circuit RF Amplifier Filters & Traps

Mixer

Oscillator

IF O/P

Block diagram of RF Tuner

Channel No. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 (B) Video Carrier MHz 48.25 55.25 62.25 175.25 182.25 189.25 196.25 203.25 210.25 217.25 224.25 Audio Carrier MHz 53.75 60.75 67.75 180.75 187.75 194.75 201.75 208.75 215.75 222.75 229.75 Band width MHz 47 to 54 54 to 61 61 to 68 174 to 181 181 to 188 188 to 195 195 to 202 202 to 209 209 to 216 216 to 223 223 to 230

OPERATING UNIT (PROGRAM SELECTOR) (O.P.U.) : The circuit diagram O.P.U. is shown in the Fig 4.1 It receives following signals :1. +33 V from SMPS section to give it to tuning voltage (TU) after selection. 2. 12.0 V to give +B supply to the Band I, and III and UHF Tuner section in the tuner i.e. LB, HB and UB respectively after selection by band selection unit.

First channel position is selected by one of the eight switches of switch control unit. It is made of eight, two pole 2 way inter-connected switches. When any of the eight switches is ______________________________________________________________ Atmiya Institute of Technology & Science, Rajkot

SUBJECT: Video Engineering EXPERIMENT NO. 2

TITLE: To study the Working of operating unit and Tuner Section. DATE: REV. NO.: 1.01

DOC. CODE: AITS/ECD/EXPT/602

pressed 1st pole will connect 12.0 V supply to the Band I, Band III and UHF tuner section depending upon the band selector position and LED will be ON for the corresponding switch. It will drop 2 to 3 volts. +12.0V supply is given to LB, HB or UB. 2 nd pole will connect tuning voltage from band control to tuner (TU). After selecting the channel position, SW on the band control is put at Band I, III or UHF as required e.g. to select channel No. 2 to 4, put band SW to Band I, channel No. 5 to 12 put band SW to Band IIII, channel No. 21 to 68 put band SW to UHF. This will connect +B supply to corresponding band to tuner. Then change the tuning pot of the corresponding channel position to select desired channel in the selected band. The tuning pot will vary the tuning voltage, which is given to the varacter diode in the tuner.

Reading: All voltage are DC voltage measured by DMM except mentioned.

(1) Main voltages:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. +115V Output from SMPS +18V Output from SMPS +12V Output from EHT +25V Output from EHT +150V Output from EHT Q714 (BF393) Collector +60V +330V DC at fuse F 802 with reference to bridge rectifier ground.

(2) Voltage of Tuner section: AFT AFT SW UB LB TU HB TU AGC +12V IF O/P 5.2V 10V when AFT SW in ON 10.6V if Band UHF selected 10.6 if Band I selected 0 to 33 depending upon the channel selected 10.6V if Band II selected 2.7 to 8.2 12.1 5.06

______________________________________________________________ Atmiya Institute of Technology & Science, Rajkot

SUBJECT: Video Engineering EXPERIMENT NO. 2

TITLE: To study the Working of operating unit and Tuner Section. DATE: REV. NO.: 1.01

DOC. CODE: AITS/ECD/EXPT/602

Conclusion: -

Grade

Lab-In-Charge

H.O.D.

______________________________________________________________ Atmiya Institute of Technology & Science, Rajkot