Low Solubility Equilibrium Level 2 Serial Multiple Choice The next 2 questions deal with the following reaction:

2 H+(aq) + 2 CrO4-2(aq) Cr2O7-2(aq) + H2O. (yellow) (orange) 126. Which of the following is false? 1) The addition of H+(aq) changes the color from yellow to orange. 2) The addition of OH-(aq) changes the color from orange to yellow. 3) At equilibrium, the Cr2O7-2(aq) concentration is constant. 4) When CrO4-2 ions are removed by precipitation with Ba+2, the Cr2O7-2 ion concentration is increased. 5) none of these. ANS: 4 127. If a few drops of Ba(NO3)2 solution are added to the equilibrium mixture, a yellow ppt. forms. What happens when a few drops of HNO3 are then added? 1) More BaCrO4(s) forms. 3) The solution turns yellow. 2) Some BaCrO4(s) dissolves. 4) A ppt. of Ba(NO3)2 forms. 5) A ppt. of Cr(NO3)2 forms. ANS: 2 The next 3 questions refer to the following experiment. To find the Ksp of AgBrO3 a student prepared one liter of a saturated solution of this salt at 30 0C. He found that a copper wire left in the solution overnight became covered with silver crystals. The wire was cleaned, dried, and found to weigh 0.82 grams less than it did originally. The silver crystals cleaned and dried weighed 2.81 grams. Copper (II) ions were also formed. 128. The approximate number of moles of Cu which reacted was 1) 0.0002 mole. 3) 0.0065 mole. 2) 0.0041 mole. 4) 0.013 mole. 5) 2.4 moles. ANS: 4 129. The [Ag+(aq)] in the original saturated solution must have been 1) 0.0002 M. 3) 0.0062 M. 2) 0.0041 M. 4) 0.013 M. 5) 0.026 M. ANS: 5 130. The Ksp for AgBrO3 as calculated from the above data is about 1) 6.7 x 10-5. 3) 6.8 x 10-2. 2) 1.7 x 10-4. 4) 6.8 x 10-4. 5) 4.0 x 10-6. ANS: 4

The next 3 questions relate to the solubility tables of your text. You are given an unknown solution which could contain the sodium salt of any one of the following anions: I. III. SO3-2 III. SO4-2 IV. CO3-2 V. PO4-3

131. A few drops of 0.1 M Ba(NO3)2 solution are added to the unknown and a white ppt. is formed. Which of the five anions might be present? 1) I or II only 3) III only 2) II or III only 4) II, III, IV or V 5) any of them ANS: 4 132. A few drops of 0.1 M Mg(NO3)2 solution are added to a fresh sample of the same unknown. A white ppt. is formed. Which of the five anions might be present? 1) II only 3) I, II, or III only 2) II or III only 4) III, IV or V only 5) II, IV or V ANS: 5 133. A few ml of HNO3 when added dissolves the Mg ppt. and releases a colorless, odorless gas. On the basis of this additional information, which one of the five anions is surely present in the unknown sample? 1) I 2) II 3) III 4) IV 5) V ANS: 4

The next 4 questions refer to the following experiment. In order to find Ksp of AgBrO3, a student prepared one liter of a saturated solution of this salt at 300C. He found that a copper wire left in the solution overnight became covered with silver crystals. The wire was cleaned, dried, and found to weigh 0.41 g. less that it did originally. Copper (II) ions were also formed. 134. The approximate number of moles of Cu which reacted was 1) 0.0002 mole. 3) 0.0065 mole. 2) 0.0041 mole. 4) 0.013 mole. 5) 24.4 mole. ANS: 3 135. The [Ag+(aq)] in the original saturated solution must have been 1) 0.0002 M. 3) 0.0065 M. 2) 0.0041 M 4) 0.013 M. 5) 0.026 M. ANS: 4 136. The Ksp for AgBrO3 as calculated from the above data is about 1) 6.7 x 10-5. 3) 6.8 x 10-2. -4 2) 1.7 x 10 . 4) 5.8 x 10-4. 5) 4.0 x 10-6. ANS: 2 137. To find [BrO3-(aq)] needed for the Ksp calculation, one must assume each of the following except that 1) nearly all Ag+ ions in the original solution were converted to silver metal. 2) the copper equation was Cu(s) + 2Ag+(aq) 2 Ag(s) + Cu+2(aq). 3) some undissolved AgBrO3(s) stayed in contact with the solution while Cu was reacting. 4) equilibrium had been established. 5) AgBrO3(s) dissolves to give one BrO3(aq) ion for every Ag+(aq) ion. ANS: 3

The next 2 questions deal with calculations involving the solubility product constant. The Ksp for some silver salts at room temperature are given below: AgI = 1 x 10-16 AgCl = 1 x 10-10 -14 AgBr = 1 x 10 AgIO3 = 3 x 10-8 AgCH3COO = 2 x 10-3 138. Ten ml each of 0.1 M solutions of NaCH3COO, NaIO3, NaBr and NaI are placed in a beaker and thoroughly mixed. One drop of 0.01 M AgNO3 is added to the mixture. A precipitate of only one of the anions remains after equilibrium is reached. The ppt. is 1) AgI. 3) AgCl. 2) AgBr. 4) AgIO3. 5) AgCH3COO. ANS: 1 139. The [Ag+] in a saturated solution of AgCl at room temperature is 1) 1.0 x 10-20 M. 3) 2.0 x 10-10 M. -10 2) 1.0 x 10 M. 4) 0.5 x 10-5 M. 5) 1.0 x 10-5 M ANS: 5

The next 2 questions refer to the following system. A solution is known to contain nitrate ions and 0. M concentrations of Mg+2, Ba+2, Pb~2, and Fe+2. Based on the solubility charts, a technique of separation is devised employing selective precipitation. A negative ion is added to solution causing precipitation of one positive ion. This solid is separated by filtration and the filtrate is then treated with another negative ion followed by filtration until all the ions are separated. 140. Which one of the following negative ions would precipitate out only one of the positive ions listed above? 1) I2) NO33) SO4-2 4) PO4-3 5) S-2 ANS: 1 141. Using the anions listed in the question above (in any order), the cations could be separated singly in which one of the following orders? 1) Pb+2, Fe+2, Mg+2, Ba+2 3) Fe+2, Mg+2, Ba+2, Pb+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 2) Ba , Pb , Fe , Mg 4) Mg+2, Pb+2, Fe+2, Ba+2 5) Pb+2, Ba+2, Fe+2, Mg+2 ANS: 5 The next 2 questions relate to the following table of solubility product constants for silver salts. silver chloride = 1.7 x 10-10 silver bromide = 5.0 x 10-13 -3 silver acetate = 4.0 x 10 silver iodate = 4.0 x 10-8 silver bromate = 6.0 x 10-5 142. Of the silver salts listed above, which is the most soluble? 1) AgCl 3) AgBr 2) AgCH3COO 4) AgIO3 5) AgBrO3 ANS: 2 143. What is the oncentration of the BrO3-(aq) in a saturated solution of AgBrO3? 1) 6.0 x 10-10 M 3) 7.7 x 10-3 M -5 2) 3.0 x 10 M 4) 4.2 x 10-2 M 5) none of these ANS: 3

For the next 2 questions use the solubility product constants listed below: silver bromate = 6 x 10-5 silver bromide = 5 x 10-13 silver chloride = 2 x 10-10 silver acetate = 4 x 10-3 silver iodate = 4 x 10-8 144. A solution contains equal concentrations of BrO3-, IO3-, Br-, CH3COO- and Cl- ions. If a solution of 0.01 M AgNO3 is added drop wise, which silver salt will precipitate first? 1) AgBr 3) AgCl 2) AgCH3COO 4) AgIO3 5) AgBrO3 ANS: 1 145. What is [Ag+(aq)] in a saturated solution of AgIO3? 1) 1.6 x 10-16 M 3) 4.0 x 10-8 M -8 2) 2.0 x l0 M 4) 7.0 x 10-3 M ANS: 5

5) 2.0 x 10-4 M

The next 2 questions refer to the following experiment at 250C. About 15 grams of TlBr(s) were added to distilled water to make a liter of solution. The bottle was stoppered and thoroughly shaken from time to time during the next two weeks. Some undissolved TlBr still remained. A 500 ml sample of the solution was then evaporated to dryness. The mass of residue from this sample was 0.43 grams. 146. The solubility of TlBr calculated from the above data is: 1) 0.43 mole/liter 3) _ 1 _ x 1000 mole/liter 284 284 500 2) 0.43 x 1000 mole/liter 4) 0.43 x 1000 mole/liter 500 284 500 ANS: 4 147. The solubility product constant for TlBr is approximately 1) 2.0 x 10-1. 3) 8.0 x 10-3. -6 2) 9.0 x 10 . 4) 4.0 x 10-8. ANS: 2

5) none of these

5) 2.7 x 10-16.

The next 2 questions refer to the following reaction: Heat + NH4Cl(s) NH3(g) + HC1(g). 148. At equilibrium, which one of the statements is wrong? 1) Adding NH4C1(s) will increase the amounts of NH3 and HC1 present at equilibrium. 2) The reaction can be caused to favor products by increasing the temperature. 3) Increasing the pressure will decrease the amount of gases present at equilibrium. 4) Adding a catalyst will not affect equilibrium concentrations. 5) At equilibrium NH4C1(s) is forming and decomposing at equal rates. ANS: 1 149. The equilibrium constant expression is 1) [NH3] x [HCl] 3) _ [NH4Cl] _ [NH4Cl.]2 [NH3] x [HC1]

5) [NH3] x [HCl]

2) [NH3] x [HCl] x [NH4C1] ANS: 4

4) [NH3] x [HC1]

[NH4+] x [Cl-]

For the next 3 questions solubility tables are needed. 150. Which of the following positive ions forms a hydroxide that is very soluble in water? 1) Be+2 2) As+3 3) Ag+ 4) Cs+ 5) Fe+3 ANS: 4 151. A solution of a potassium salt that will not form a precipitate with 0.1 M Pb(NO3)2 is 1) KBr; 2) K2SO4; 3) K3PO4; 4) K2SO3; 5) KCH3COO. ANS: 5 152. When a few drops of 0.1 KOH are added to 10 ml of 0.1 M A13(SO4)3 solution, a white precipitate is formed. Which of the following best represents the net equation for the reaction? 1) 2 K+(aq) + SO4-2(aq)

K2SO4(s)

2) A12(SO4)3(aq) + 6 KOH(aq) 3) Al+3(aq) + 3 OH-(aq)

2 A1(OH)3(s) + 3 K2SO4(s)

Al(OH)3(s)

4) Al+3(aq) + SO4-2(aq) + 2 K+(aq) + 3 OH-(aq) 5) 2 Al+3(aq) + 6 K+(aq) + 6 OH-(aq) ANS: 3

Al(OH)3(s) + K2SO4(s)

2 Al(OH)3(s) + 6 K+(aq)

The next 2 questions deal with the table below which shows the results of mixing each of five ionic substances, two at a time, in all possible combinations. The ppt indicates that a precipitate formed.

153. Which of the following compounds would be correctly identified as the precipitate(s) obtained in the above experiment? 1) XCO3 only 3) XSO4 only 2) XCl2 and YNO3 4) XCO3 and XSO4 5) YNO3 and ZNO3 ANS: 4 154. Which of the following pairs of substances would you predict would not produce a precipitate when equal volumes of their solutions are mixed? 1) XCl2 and Y2CO3 3) X(NO3)2 and Y2SO4 2) YNO3 and XC12 4) X(NO3)2 and Y2CO3 5) none of these ANS: 2

The next 2 questions refer to the results of mixing each of the following ionic solutions, two at a time, in all possible combinations.

155. Which of the following compounds would form a precipitate in this experiment? 1) FN 2) CT 3) AQ 4) JP 5) HP ANS: 5 156. Which of the following would not form a precipitate? 1) GO 2) AS 3) BQ 4) HP ANS: 3 5) none of these

The next 2 questions refer to the results of mixing each of the following ionic solutions, two at a time, in all possible combinations.

157. Which of the following compounds would form a precipitate in this experiment? 1) AN 2) CT 3) YR 4) JT 5) ZD ANS: 2 158. Which of the following would not form a precipitate? 1) BM 2) ZG 3) CT 4) XD ANS: 4 5) none of these

The next 2 questions relate to the table below which shows the results of mixing a few drops of 0.2 M solutions of each of the ionic substances, two at a time, in all possible combinations. The ppt. indicates that a. precipitate formed.

159. Which of the following compounds would be correctly identified as the precipitate(s) formed in the experiment? 1) AgC1 only 3) AgCl and Ag2CrO4 2) Ag2CrO4 only 4) AgC1, Ag2CrO4, K2SO4 5) none of these ANS: 3 160. Which one of the following pairs of substances would you predict would not produce a precipitate when equal volumes of their 0.2 M solutions are mixed?

1) AgNO3 and KC1 2) Ag2SO4 and K2CrO4 ANS: 5

3) AgNO3 and K2CrO4 4) Ag2SO4 and KC1

5) AgNO3 and K2SO4

The next 2 questions deal with the table below which shows the results of mixing a few drops of 0.1 M solution of each of five ionic substances, two at a time, in all possible combinations. The ppt indicates that a precipitate formed.

161. Which of the following compounds would be correctly identified as the precipitate(s) obtained in the above experiment? 1) PbCl2 only 3) PbSO4 only 5) PbSO4, PbCl2, 2) PbC12 and PbSO4 4) PbCl2, PbSO4, & NaCH3COO and Na2SO4 ANS: 2 162. Which of the following pairs of substances would you predict not to produce a precipitate when equal volumes of their 0.1 M solutions are mixed?

1) Pb(NO3)2(aq) & Na2SO4 (aq) 3) Pb(CH3COO)2(aq) & HC1(aq) 2) Pb(NO3)2(aq) & NaCl(aq) 4) Pb(NO)3)2 & NaCH3COO(aq) ANS: 4

5) Pb(CH3COO)2 & Na2SO4

The next 2 questions relate to the table below which shows the results of mixing a few drops of 0.1 M solutions of each of five ionic substances, two at a time, in all possible combinations. Ppt indicates that a precipitate formed.

163. Which of the following compounds would be correctly identified as the precipitate(s) observed in this experiment? 1) BaSO4 only 3) BaCO3 and BaSO4 2) BaCO3 only 4) BaCO3, BaSO4 and KC1 5) none of these ANS: 3 164. Which one of the following pairs of substances would not be expected to produce a precipitate when equal volumes of their 0.1 M solutions are mixed? 1) K2SO4 and Ba(NO3)2 3) K2CO3 and Ba(NO3)2 2) K2SO4 and BaCl2 4) K2CO3 and BaC12 5) none of these ANS: 5

For the next 3 questions: A 0.1 M solution of T1OH is placed in a beaker; the solution is a good electrical conductor. H2S(g) is then bubbled slowly into the solution. A black precipitate forms, and the bulb grows dim. As H2S continues to bubble in for one minute, no more ppt. forms, and the bulb continues to glow dimly. T1OH(s) Tl+(aq) + OH-(aq) Tl2S(s) 2 Ti+ (aq) + S-2(aq) H2S(aq) H+(aq) + HS-(aq) HS-(aq) H+(aq) + S-2(aq) H2O(1) H+(aq) + OH-(aq) 165. The precipitate is probably Ksp = 2.2 x 10-2 Ksp = 5.0 x 10-7 K1 = 1.0 x 10-7 K2 = 1.0 x 10-13 Kw = 1.0 x 10-14

1) T1OH(s). 2) T12S(s) ANS: 2

3) a mixture of Ti(s) and S(s) 4) a mixture of Tl2S(s) and Ti(s).

5) a mixture of T12S(s) and T1OH(s).

166. At the time the bulb glowed most dimly 1) electrical resistance of the solution was at a minimum. 2) relatively few ions were present in the solution. 3) many ions were present in the solution. 4) the molarity of the dissolved substances was at a maximum. 5) none of these choices provide an adequate explanation. ANS: 2 167. If H2S were bubbled through for 10 more minutes 1) the solution would become strongly acidic. 2) the concentration of OH-(aq) would increase. 3) the solution would regain its high conductivity. 4) more precipitate would form. 5) none of these will happen ANS: 5