Ceresit Thermal Insulation

Ceretherm SYSTEM
We guarantee the Warmth

External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems by Ceresit
Contents
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. XII. XIII.
About the Henkel Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Why should buildings be thermally protected? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Relevant regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calculation of thermal insulation requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selection of suitable insulation materials and systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ceresit Ceretherm ETICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ceresit Plasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ceresit Paints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Insulation of buildings with Ceretherm Systems Step by step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What are the most common mistakes in ETICS application? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ceresit renovation systems for ETICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ceretherm ETICS Specific technical solutions for architects and designers . . . . . . . . . . . . Ceresit Ceretherm Systems Product by product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 8 18
28 34 52 78 84 112 114 122 132
Contents
Contents
22
Environmental awareness
About the Henkel Group
The Henkel Group is a leader with brands and technologies that make peoples lives easier, better and more beautiful. As many as 50,000 people in 125 countries work for the Henkel Group in four strategic business sectors: Consumer & Craftsmen Adhesives, Laundry & Home Care, Cosmetics/Toiletries and Henkel Technologies. Integral parts of the Consumer & Craftsmen Adhesives Division are the segments Tiling, Waterproofing, Flooring and External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems.
Our long-term experience, extensive know-how, highly innovative products, superior technologies and system solutions help professionals and all our customers to be more successful and efficient while saving our natural resources. Quality from Henkel to guarantee Your professional success.
As a global company, Henkel recognizes its responsibility to society. Its objective is to continuously improve environmental and consumer protection and to play an internationally leading role in this respect. Henkel was one of the first companies to endorse the Business Charter for Sustainable Development of the International Chamber of Commerce, to commit to its principles and to those of the international Responsible Care Program. This endorsement expresses Henkels will to make constant improvements in all areas of environment, safety, and health protection, pursuing the same goals all over the world. In order to meet this challenge, Henkel has established an efficient and integrated management system: SHEQ (Safety, Health, Environment and Quality).
This management system combines customer orientation, quality, environment, safety and health, and each business sector is responsible for its implementation. In addition, nearly all Henkel adhesive production sites have been certified to ISO 9001 and EMAS/ ISO 14001. These certifications are pursued on a worldwide scale. Product users can rest assured that Henkel makes safety a priority for them and for our environment.
Innovations
Professional know-how
Ceresit Ceretherm ETICS
Knowledge of our products and system solutions is a major key to the professionals success on site. Henkel therefore offers training courses for knowledge transfer & product application in its worldwide Training Centres. Henkel is one of the most globally oriented companies. Extensive research and development generate a constant flow of innovative products and system solutions based on new technologies. Henkels technical experts are always able to support and provide solutions throughout project realization. Whenever a question, problem or complaint comes up, Henkels technical advisors are there to offer expert advice.
Ceresit Ceretherm ETIC systems ensure the long-lasting and excellent thermal insulation of buildings. The parameters of the products offered within Ceresit Ceretherm systems are mutually compatible in terms of physical and chemical properties. Only this compatibility among the different layers and coatings applied can ensure the durable performance of the whole system.
Innovative, application-related research and development are key features of Henkels business operations. Understanding the needs and concerns of our professional users is a central factor in product and system solution development. To fulfill these needs, Henkel strives to develop and implement new technologies and to share these solutions across all business sectors.
The Henkel Groups strength is its vast knowhow. Henkel is the partner of professionals, supplying excellence and high-performance products, system solutions and know-how based on many years of experience.
The history of CERESIT, one of the Henkel Groups main brands, began a hundred years ago with the foundation of Dattelner Bitumenwerke and the development of Ceresit waterproofing products. In 1970, the product range was extended by mortars, plasters and paints. After having been registered in 1971, the trademark Ceresit VWS System was launched in spring 1972. Since then, ETIC systems by Ceresit have been used to protect and decorate the facades of buildings all over the world.
Better thermal insulation of walls is the basic operating principle of Ceresit ETIC systems. While protecting the building against the loss of heating or cooling energy, they at the same time provide the facade with an aesthetic coating. Ceresit ETIC systems cut down on energy costs, improve the living comfort by providing a pleasant microclimate and contribute to the protection of our environment. On the other hand, they have a decorative function and ensure the attractive appearance of the facade through a wide choice of plasters and paints. Ceresit ETIC systems can be applied to the facades of both new buildings and old buildings in need of thermal renovation. No matter what type of building it is whether a multi-flat building or a single-family house. The product portfolio includes: special mortars suitable for different insulation materials plasters and paints (mineral, acrylic, silicone and silicate) primers polystyrene, mineral wool insulation boards and supplementary elements
The quality of the buildings thermal insulation determines the monthly operating costs (cost of heating and hot water supply). In the future (once energy certification of buildings has been introduced), it will also determine the monthly rental amount as well as the buildings market value. The energy performance of a building with respect to its thermal insulation is indicated by the buildings annual consumption of energy. It depends on the amount of heat lost through walls, windows, roof etc. and the ventilation system. But it also depends on the efficient use of solar radiation, the effectiveness of the heating system and on the type of hot water supply used. Among the reasons for a buildings high energy consumption we can count first and foremost excessive heat loss due to insufficient insulation. Other main reasons are the low effectiveness of heating installations and the absence of a heating cost allocation system in multi-family buildings (hence no motivation to save on energy costs). Consequently, there is a high need for us to ensure the optimum thermal and acoustic insulation of partition walls and to intelligently design their vapour permeability.
The following diagrams illustrate the percentage amounts of heat lost through the building envelope. Single-family house
ventilation 15 % roof 20 %
walls 40 %
windows 15 %
basement 10 %
Multi-family house (10-floor blocks of flats built of large precast concrete slabs)
ventilation 30 % roof 6 %
walls 37 % Whenever a building wall separates zones of different climatic conditions (e.g. a frosty January morning outside and cosy +21C inside the building), the wall is an area subject to various processes of transition and transport. Heat always permeates from areas of higher temperature to cooler zones. In winter, heat flows from the heated inside to the cold outside of the building. In summer, with higher outdoor temperatures, heat flows to the inside of the building. The external building envelope is responsible for the heat flowing from the warm inside to the cold outside not only through the walls and the roof, but also through the window frames and doors as well as via the ventilation system. In addition, one must also consider the heat lost via floor slabs, foundations and the cellar in case one exists.
windows 24 %
Why should buildings be thermally protected?
basement 3 %
The thermal protection of buildings is a complex challenge which requires a profound analysis of the following aspects: building physics, economy of execution, use of the building and ecology. Buildings which we live and work in need to have a safe and pleasant climate, independent of the actual weather conditions outside.
We expect the walls that surround us to ensure not only a stable temperature and moisture level, but also the lowest possible noise level. Naturally, we expect these criteria to be fulfilled in a permanent way and without incurring substantial costs.
The above diagrams clearly show that the buildings external walls contribute significantly to its total heat loss, regardless of the type and size of the building. For this reason, efficient thermal insulation of the facade walls is absolutely essential, especially of projecting parts (such as balconies), by making use of external thermal insulation compound systems. ETICS are able to reduce the intensity of the heat flow through the walls. They can also limit and compensate temperature changes within a building and of equal importance within the structural layers of the wall itself.
II
If the temperature on wall surfaces is kept as constant as possible, this will result in a higher living comfort inside not only by reducing the moisture (no vapour condensation and thus no chance for mould to grow), but also by decreasing the intensity of convection current inside rooms.
wall surface
+10C
outside
inside
+20C
Walls without thermal insulation have a high heat loss, caused by the lower outside temperature. The wall surface inside the room always feels cold.
-10C
wall surface
+18C
outside
inside
+20C -10C
If the wall has been thermally insulated, the heat lost through this wall is much lower. As a result, the internal wall temperature is much higher than for a nonprotected wall.
The upper diagram shows the temperature gradient for a wall without thermal insulation: inside the building the air temperature is +20C, whereas the outdoor temperature is a frosty -10C. The diagram shows that the internal wall surface has a temperature of +10C, which is much lower than the temperature inside the room.
This causes a perceptible, unpleasant air movement. The amount of energy needed to maintain a sufficiently high temperature inside the room is quite substantial. If, however, the wall has been thermally insulated (2nd diagram), the difference between the air temperature and that of the internal wall surface is much lower. In a thermally insulated wall a rapid drop in temperature takes place in the area where the insulation material has been installed.
Whether you heat the building or cool it down both processes are invariably associated with costs. These costs are caused by the initial investment in and installation of suitable equipment (heating system, air conditioning etc.) as well as by its operation. The consumption of energy needed for the proper operation of heating or air conditioning systems does not only cause economic costs, but also means wasting our limited ecological resources. It has been known for a long time now that excessive emissions of CO2 produced by burning all types of fuel cause the greenhouse effect and lead to global warming an imminent danger for all of us. Is each of us aware of the fact that the heating of buildings causes as much as 30-35 % of global carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere?
If, however, we limit the energy consumption of our homes, e.g. by installing ETIC systems, we will be able to cut down on the amount of energy consumed, to slow down the depletion of our natural resources, and to limit the emission of greenhouse gases.
10
11
II
The effect of thermal insulation on a buildings external walls is visible in the two thermographic pictures above. In the left picture, the colours yellow and orange mark areas of visible heat loss that can be avoided. Heat flows from the inside of the building, thus raising the temperature of the facade walls. The right picture shows a building whose facade has been thermally insulated. The areas are identical, but they now appear in a blue colour, i.e. they have a much lower temperature due to their thermal insulation. Heat is prevented from flowing from the inside to the outside.
Why ETICS?
Within the ETIC systems, thermal insulation boards are fixed with a special mortar to the outside wall, their surface strengthened with a mortar and reinforced with a glass fibre mesh and finally coated with a thin layer of decorative plaster. Buildings that have been equipped with this kind of thermal protection comply with the requirements for high thermal comfort inside buildings. In addition, ETIC systems help avoid environmental pollution while at the same time giving the facades an attractive and individualized appearance.
Depending on the structure of the external building wall, it is possible to achieve a higher or lower degree of thermal insulation for the building envelope expressed by the heat flow or U-value. A low U-value, however, does not always imply successful insulation. The walls of our buildings are not homogeneous. They are disturbed in many ways by window openings, door frames and their lintel beams, floor coping slabs, projecting loggia and balcony slabs, terraces and plinths. All these elements as well as deflections, quoins, contact points of walls and roof disrupt the single-direction flow of the heat passing through the partitions. The negative effect of these disruptions can be noticeably reduced by installing thermal insulation layers on the outside of buildings. These envelope not only the wall surfaces, but also the above-mentioned structural components. ETIC systems have been designed for these particular applications. They allow the creation of a continuous warm envelope around all quoins and edges of the building, including the balcony slabs, bridging gaps and joints between large slabs, and sealing both linear and spot-like thermal bridges.
The growing popularity of ETICS is based on the numerous advantages that this technology offers. They include: effective increase of wall insulation and elimination of thermal bridges thanks to thermal insulation of structural elements which are used to vary the facade design such as balconies, loggias, pilasters and plinths complete renovation of the facade and maintaining or changing the buildings appearance depending on the investors or architects instructions lightweight system which, as rule, does not affect the buildings structure so that it can be applied on almost every facade possibility to improve the buildings geometry by masking the existing curves and wall cracks of the facade the easy workability of the thermal insulation material facilitates the imitation of rustication, the decoration of window frames etc. easy installation of effective and aesthetic thermal insulation, combined with an attractive price and long-term durability over decades
ETICS have been designed as jointless systems. This means that they provide a continuous protective layer on the surface to be insulated which can subsequently be covered with a thin plaster. Such a finish ensures very effective protection of the thermal insulation layer against corrosion caused by the influx of water and against exposure to sunlight (especially UV radiation).
12
13
II
Single-layer wall of cellular concrete blocks with an intense visible heat outflow through the joints.
Three-layer wall of a building made of large prefabricated concrete slabs with an intense visible heat outflow through the structural joints.
Three-layer wall of a building made of large prefabricated concrete slabs with an intense visible heat outflow through interlayer fasteners.
Two-layer wall with thermal insulation produced by using dry technology, with an intense visible heat outflow caused by air flowing through the insulation layer ineffective wind insulation.
Alternative methods of thermal insulation
Among other methods aimed at providing sufficiently high wall insulation, two main groups can be distinguished: those that are applicable exclusively while the structure is being erected and those that may also be used in the subsequent stage. In the first group worthy of attention are systems of single-layer walls of lightweight cellular concrete blocks or hollow bricks of porous ceramics. They combine two properties: on the one hand they are load-bearing, on the other hand they provide thermal insulation. Owing to thermomechanical differences between the blocks and the masonry mortar, the heat flowing through such walls or cracks varies and constitutes a serious technical problem. The pictures included in this brochure show thermal images of the analyzed buildings. In conformity with the temperature scale visible on each of the images, lighter areas indicate places with a higher temperature and darker areas those with a lower temperature. When photographed from the outside, a heated building should ideally have a stable and homogeneous facade temperature in a period of cold weather. All lighter-coloured areas in a thermogram indicate spot-like and linear thermal bridges, i.e. places where excessive amounts of heat are released.
Another solution that is only feasible while erecting a building are three-layer walls. A crosssection of such a wall shows that it consists of a load-bearing layer made of concrete or brick, an insulation layer made of various foamed or fibrous thermal insulation materials, and a top layer consisting of similar materials as the loadbearing layer. There is one disadvantage that both methods have in common: a considerable part of the wall mass is exposed to marked changes in temperature and humidity (including the alternate freezing and thawing of water). This causes the structure to age prematurely. With three-layer walls it is necessary to mechanically join the top and the load-bearing layer. Metal anchors are used for this purpose which unfortunately produce thermal bridges.
The second solution is applicable on finished structures and during thermal renovation. It involves the installation of additional thermal insulation materials on an already existing load-bearing layer of the wall. If such materials are installed on the correct side of the wall, i.e. the external one, the entire load-bearing layer is thermally protected against adverse weather conditions. This ensures a substantial increase in the structures durability. Depending on the selected method of execution, various thermal bridges can be eliminated as is clearly visible in the thermal image of the building.
All thermal insulation materials used in the solutions presented here have low resistance to direct climatic impact (such as sunlight or humidity). As a result, they need to be protected, e.g. by installing a curtain layer. Top layers are divided into those produced in the wet method and those installed using the dry method. They are available in a light and a heavy variant. The lower the weight of the top layer, the better and the easier to fasten it safely and permanently to the wall. Top layers installed using the dry method require a large number of mechanical fasteners that puncture the insulation layer and constitute thermal bridges. Their installation requires utmost precision otherwise even small mistakes would be already visible from a large distance.
14
15
II
Gable walls of buildings made of large prefabricated concrete slabs. The picture clearly shows that the installed external thermal insulation system has a strong impact on the heat outflow.
Why Ceresit Ceretherm Systems?

Why ETICS?
Henkel has now more than 35 years of experience with ETIC systems. Up to now, a few thousand buildings all over the world have been insulated with the help of our systems. Proper thermal insulation generates a good microclimate inside the building. In winter, the wall surface does not excessively cool down, and on hot summer days thermal insulation ensures that the building is pleasantly cool inside. In addition, the building structure is not subject to stress caused by temperature fluctuations. Corrosion processes, e.g. of the metal anchors used in three-layer walls, are slowed down. The advantages of ETIC systems are, of course, also noticeable when erecting new buildings. The walls only need to have minimum thickness as thermal comfort is ensured by the use of light-weight thermoinsulation materials. As a result, the building is much lighter and cheaper in operation. Costs incurred for installing an external thermal insulation system already pay off after only a few years since the heating bills for the building may go down by as much as 30 %. Within Ceresit Ceretherm Systems we offer: A wide range of solutions Our systems have been designed to thermally insulate buildings that are different with respect to their size, age, location, operating conditions, technical requirements, legal regulations and architectural style. Excellent compatibility and durability of the products within a system The products within one system are perfectly compatible with respect to their physical and chemical properties. This compatibility does not only guarantee full and durable thermal protection. but also the reduction of energy costs and a pleasant climate inside the building. High and warranted quality Our products are subject to constant quality control which includes the following steps: research and development, raw materials selection, product formulation, prototype tests, compatibility of the system materials, production, introduction into the market and operation. Our systems are constantly supervised concerning their compliance with international standards such as ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 18001, AQUAP by the Quality Control Department and our own Central Research Laboratory, and they have been certified according to ISO/IEC 17025.
Lightweight top layers produced with ETICS are an optimum solution, because their small mass and thickness facilitates fastening, does not overload the wall and the thermal insulation material on which it is installed, and helps to avoid the occurrence of thermal bridges in the insulation layer.
Compliance with the highest technical requirements Our systems meet requirements that have been set either internationally or locally by Technical Construction Institutes or other authorities in the building sector. Ceresit Ceretherm VWS Classic System has recently obtained the European Technical Approval (ETA). Constant improvement of the offered solutions Research and Development work on constant improvements to the existing products. In addition, they introduce innovative solutions based on new raw materials, technological progress, improvements made in the application of ETICS, and on cosumer insights. Aesthetics A large portfolio of plasters and paints with different textures and grain sizes as well as an extensive range of colours provide unlimited choice. Support in terms of project design and realisation Our technical experts are at your disposal and able to give advice at every stage of the project no matter whether design or realisation. Professional training Comprehensive product application training and system solution knowledge transfer is organized in our Training Centres, combined with authorization programs for construction companies that have successfully finished the training and have proven their competence in cooperation with our technical advisers.
16
17
II
Relevant regulations
ETIC system tests carried out on a wall inside a climatic chamber.
Being a structural element of a buildings facade, it goes without saying that ETICS needs to comply with the overall safety requirements of the building, of its residents and of its surroundings. This is why the technical properties and the durability of the system need to be properly tested and approved before the system can be applied on any facade.
Declaration of Conformity together with technical specification is a document which confirms that the given ETIC System can be sold on the market and used in buildings construction. It can cover the whole system or can be issued for each of system's components separately. Declaration of Conformity is always issued by the organisational unit which is system offerer/collector. The technical specification usually means national or European technical approval or national or European standard.
In Poland, Technical Approvals are issued by the Instytut Techniki Budowlanej (ITB) [Institute of Construction Technology], based on the principles contained in documents ZUAT-15/V-03 (for systems based on foamed polystyrene) and ZUAT-15/V-04 (for systems based on mineral wool). Each of the Ceresit Ceretherm VWS, WM Systems obtained the Technical Approval of the Instytut Techniki Budowlanej. These approvals were given in recognition of the positive evaluation of the systems. They specify in a detailed way the requirements that the individual system components are expected to meet. Any external thermal insulation composite system applying for European Technical Approval (ETA) needs to have a durability of at least 25 years. ETAs are granted by special research institutes which are recognized by the European Commission. The tests performed by these institutes conform with the guidelines of ETAG 004:2002 (European Technical Approval Guidelines for External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems with Rendering). In addition, the European Standards EN 13499 and EN 13500 apply in EU member states and in some countries associated with the European Union. These standards relate to systems based on foamed polystyrene and mineral wool. The research methods used to conform with the above documents differ in details, but they always deal with the same properties: effectiveness, durability and safety. Each method
covers procedures that define: the mechanical properties of the tested system (interstitial adhesion, resistance to impact, denting or puncture) the transport properties (thermal resistance, vapour permeability or diffusion resistance, water absorbability) durability and strength (various climatic examinations are followed by tests that examine the adhesion of the plaster layer to the insulation material) reaction to fire The Ceresit Ceretherm VWS Classic system obtained the European Technical Approval No. ETA 06/0260. This is granted as soon as the conformity of the system with the requirements specified in the Recommendations for Granting the European Technical Approval ETAG 004: 2002 has been proved. The provisions stipulate that the system conforms with the following six Essential Requirements (specified according to the European Parliament and Council Directive No. 89/106): mechanical resistance and stability (ER1) safety in the case of fire (ER2) hygiene, health and environment (ER3) safety in use (ER4) protection against noise (ER5) energy economy and heat retention (ER6) and additional important aspects of durability and service ability.
18
19
III
Contrary to other documents mentioned above, this certification requires intense testing of the systems durability at a scale of 1:1 and not only on small models with an area size of 0.04 to 0.25 m2 as specified in the majority of local standards. These tests take place in so-called climatic chambers. Such a climatic chamber resembles a house that has been turned inside out with one of the walls being replaceable. This wall is thermally insulated with the system to be tested. A rectangular opening (see figure below) is left in the thermal insulation system to increase the likelihood of defects (each corner is a type of notch that disturbs the protective layer). For every system to be tested one research wall is used where not more than two plasters are applied (when testing two plasters on one wall, two openings must be provided). Walls for tests with one or two plasters.
The figures below show schematic research cycles which are used to determine the materials resistance to different weather conditions:
watering and drying at high temperature (80 cycles),

Watering Temperature[C] Humidity[%]
Time [h]
freezing and thawing very rapid changes of temperatures (5 cycles with temperature differences of 70C),
Temperature[C] Humidity[%]
Time [h]
Temperature[C]
Seasoning 28 days
to reach temp +20C
According to the Building Code, renovation of a facade that affects the appearance in comparison to the surrounding buildings of the town is subject to obtaining a special approval for construction. In such an event, it is also necessary to submit a construction plan.
20
21
III
frost resistance (30 cycles with temperature differences +20 20C).
In addition, one should bear in mind that the Technical Approval, European Technical Approval, Certificate of Conformity always concern the entire system, and not its individual elements. All system components must be fully compatible, i.e. mutually matched. Any unauthorized omission or replacement of particular system components is therefore not admissible. The application, installation or use of elements not included in the system, or execution of the thermal insulation in a way or under conditions that fail to comply with ... results in their exclusion from the Technical Approval and from the warranty issued by the manufacturer.
Both European Standards EN 13499 and EN 13500 as well as ETAG 004 are based on average values derived from local requirements of the member states. Therefore there are situations when local requirements regarding certain parameters in the given country are different then those common for the whole EU. Acc. to Directive 98/106/EEC, while introducing a product to the given market, it has to fulfill more rigorous standards (either local or those of the EU). A good example are the differences in fire safety: in some countries the requirements to be met are more rigorous than those of the EU. By contrast, there are some countries where the relevant regulations are more liberal, and then the EU regulations are binding and must be respected.
The basic building regulations of a binding nature are technical requirements for buildings and their situation. When issued as an Ordinance, they define among others the upper limit of the seasonal heat demand Eo for residential buildings. This value, which is expressed in kWh/(m3 year), changes depending on the proportion of the total surface of the envelopes of all heated internal walls of a building to the cubage of this building (e.g. in Poland it amounts to 29 to 37 kWh/ (m3 year). The Ordinance also specifies maximum values of the heat transition coefficient Umax of particular envelopes, including also facade walls of a building. In Poland, for example, this value for layer walls in one-family housing amounts to 0.30 W/(m2 K). For public utility buildings the value of Umax ranges from 0.45 to 0.65 W/(m2 K), depending on whether the wall contains windows, doors or balcony doors. Also of importance is the requirement to the design of partitions: at computational temperatures and relative air humidity, the temperature on the internal wall surface must be at least 1C higher than the temperature of water vapour condensation. The Ordinance also specifies 25 m as the maximum level at which flammable materials must be used on external building walls. In addition, it is allowed to install thermal insulation made of foamed polystyrene for walls in 11-floor buildings erected before 1 April 1995, provided that the thermal insulation method applied does not allow the propagation of fire. After testing the fire behaviour of Ceretherm VWS and Ceretherm WM Systems, they obtained the required classification of materials that do not cause fire to spread. Additionally, the Ceretherm WM Classic System was classified as a nonflammable material, allowing its application on structures higher than 25 m and on public utility buildings which require the more effective protection of facilities and people against the risk of fire.
How is a buildings energy saving calculated?
Calculation of thermal insulation requirements
Thermal resistance is indicated in m2 K/W. If the building envelope consists of several layers of materials with different coefficients l, their respective thermal resistance values are summed up. The equation for calculating the thermal resistance of a partition is as follows:
The basic function of thermal insulation systems is not their improvement of a buildings appearance, but much more their improvement of the heat and vapour transmission properties of the buildings facade walls. These can be calculated in an objective way.
Before selecting the proper type and the details of thermal insulation for an existing or newly designed building, it is therefore recommended that the hygrothermal properties of its envelope be analyzed.
In the so-called heat transfer resistance values Rsi and Rse are taken into account (for a buildings external wall they amount to 0.13 and 0.04 m K/W resp.), it becomes possible to calculate the heat transition coefficient U (formerly k) for a particular building envelope:
In winter, the amount of heat lost through 1 m2 of an insufficiently insulated wall may equal the amount of energy consumed by a 60-watt light bulb. The calculated value of the heat transition coefficient Uk must be compared with the value of Umax which takes into account the type of building and type of envelope. If the Uk value is known for a particular building envelope as well as its area, average temperature difference and the length of the heating season, also taking into account losses caused by ventilation and heat gains resulting from the insulation and use of facilities it is possible to determine a buildings heat demand Q for the entire heating season. This value (related to 1 m cubage of the heated building) is the seasonal heat demand ratio E expressed in kWh/(m year). The calculated value of the ratio E must be compared with the limiting value of Eo. The seasonal heat demand ratio E is a parameter which affects the market price of buildings. Naturally, the lower the E value the better. It shows that the building has a positive energy balance.
22
Calculations for thermal insulations
23
IV
Building materials differ very much with respect to their ability to prevent heat losses. A parameter which characterises materials in this respect is the coefficient of thermal conduction coefficient l given in W/mK. The coefficient indicates the amount of heat flowing during one second through 1 m2 material of 1 m thickness when the temperature difference on its surface amounts to 1C. For example, the l value of concrete is 1.7 W/mK, for a wall of full ceramic bricks 0.77 W/(mK). Materials that are used for thermal insulation have a much lower thermal conductivity: the value of foamed polystyrene is 0.040 W/(mK), and for mineral wool it is 0.042 W/(mK). The thermal resistance of material R can be expressed as the relationship between its thickness d (expressed in meters) and the lambda value:
The heat transition coefficient U is expressed in W/(m K) and indicates the heat loss during one second through 1 m envelope at a temperature difference of 1C. The lower the U value, the better the thermal insulation of the wall. Based on the U value, it is possible to select a suitable material for thermal insulation. As the insulation layer may not be completely tight, for example due to the use of mechanical fasteners that cause thermal bridges, it is also necessary to take corrections of DU into account. Consequently, the heat transition coefficient of the entire building envelope is calculated as follows:
Ceresit Konstruktor 3.7
With the Konstruktor 3.7 program, Ceresit offers a precise and practical calculation tool. The program has been developed for designing the envelope of a building according to the laws of building physics. The program is based on the theory of onedimensionally stable heat and moisture transport Ficks law. In order to carry out the necessary calculations, the following standards were used among others: PN-EN ISO 6946 Building components and building elements. Thermal resistance and heat transition coefficient. Calculation methods
PN-91/B-02020 Thermal protection of buildings. Requirements and calculations PN-EN ISO 13 788 (CEN Draft) Hygrothermal performance of building components and building elements. Estimation of internal surface temperature to avoid critical surface humidity and calculation of interstitial condensation. Calculation method
The program is very easy to use as the necessary data can be taken from extensive libraries for materials and climatic data:
24
25
IV
The program is able to perform and create the following calculations and diagrams: calculations of thermal and diffusion resistance of particular homogeneous layers of a given structural envelope diagrams of distribution of temperature over the envelope thickness calculations of heat transition coefficient for the envelope, if needed taking into account the adjacent soil, diagrams of partial water vapour pressure distribution and water vapour saturation
pressure over the envelope thickness including marking possible zones of vapour condensation for the least favourable weather conditions, calculations of hygrothermal conditions for 12 months of year, starting in October, for mean monthly climatic conditions, determination of condensation zones in particular months and delimitation of mass of water evaporated from the envelope.mass evaporated from the barrier
The calculation results include the coefficient U of the designed partition, diagrams of temperature and water vapour pressure in the entire partition section at assumed least favourable temperature and air humidity values on both sides of the partition.
The program also allows an analysis of the hygrothermal condition of the envelope for each of the 12 months of the year.
Apart from the features above, the program offers the following benefits: development of a library of building materials including their parameters (relative diffusion resistance coefficient) and l (coefficient of heat conductivity of a material), possibility of setting up a library of own materials including their parameters, automatic calculations of air layer resistance depending on the thickness of the layer and on heat flow direction, possibility of export to and import from a library of any building envelope constructed by the user.
26
27
IV
Most important properties of foamed polystyrene
Selection of suitable insulation materials and systems
Foamed polystyrene or mineral wool?
The heat conductivity coefficients for both materials are similar. Savings in energy consumption would consequently be the same if thermal insulation boards had the same thickness. Which system should be chosen? Should it be based on foamed polystyrene or on mineral wool?
Both solutions have their advantages. Both can be applied on new buildings as well as on buildings in need of renovation. Yet, there are differences between foamed polystyrene and mineral wool, which can influence the final choice of system.
Foamed polystyrene is not capable of absorption and does not lose its thermal insulation properties under the impact of humidity. The occasional condensation of water vapour which may occur along the thickness of the foamed polystyrene does not pose a major problem. Although this plastic material is obtained from processing crude oil, it does not contain any substances injurious to health. Foamed polystyrene is very light and has good mechanical properties (tearing strength approx. 80 kPa, and compressive strength approx. 130 kPa). Sound insulation is not particularly high. The water is vapour transmission coefficient is also quite low: approx. 12 10 -6 g/(mhPa). Temperatures above +80 C cause damage to foamed polystyrene as do most organic solvents. In the ETIC systems it is possible to use foamed polystyrene that fulfills the requirements of standard EN 13163:2004 for product CS(10)70 or CS(10)80 (a 10 % deformation of foamed polystyrene is caused by stresses of at least 70 or 80 kPa). The material therefore conforms with the former classes EPS 15 or EPS 20 (thickness of foamed polystyrene in the range of 15 to 20 kg/m). Furthermore, the material must not cause the propagation of fire, i.e. it must be selfextinguishing and must have the dimensional stability declared by the producer (after a suitable seasoning time). Foamed polystyrene panels cut of seasoned blocks (usually after period of 6-8 weeks) remain flat and do not change their dimensions. It is permissible to use panels not larger than 120 60 cm.
Examples for the classification of individual boards: EPS-EN13163-T2-L2-W2-S2-P3-BS112CS(10)70-DS(N)2-DS(70,-)2-TR100 or EPS-EN13163-T2-L2-W2-S2-P4-BS125CS(10)80-DS(N)2-DS(70,-)2-TR100, in which: EPS is an abbreviation for expanded polystyrene (foamed polystyrene) EN 13163 number of the relevant European standard which is a document of relation T2 indicates the thickness tolerance class (admissible thickness shortage -1 % or -1 mm; admissible thickness surplus +3 mm) L2 symbol of the board length class (2 mm) W2 symbol of the board width tolerance class (2 mm) S2 symbol of the board rectangularity tolerance class (2 mm) P4 symbol of the board flatness tolerance class (5 mm) BS125, BS112 indicate the boards bending strength level (125 kPa, or possibly 112 kPa) CS(10)70, CS(10)80 indicates that the value of compressive stress at 10 % relative deformation is at least 70 or 80 kPa DS(N)2 confirms the dimensional stability in standard climatic conditions (temp. 23C, relative humidity 50 %); this means that changes in linear dimensions do not exceed 0.2 % in such conditions DS(70,-)2 confirms the dimensional stability in predefined climatic conditions (temp. 70C, soaking heat 48h); this means that changes in linear dimensions do not exceed 2 % in such conditions TR100 indicates the tensile strength in a perpendicular way to the butting face of at least 100 kPa
28
29
Most important properties of mineral wool
Mineral wool is resistant to high temperature. Wool fibres produced of natural rock start to melt after being exposed for two hours to a temperature above 1000C. The thermal resistance (when used as a binder) and the hydrophobic property (when used as an additive) are slightly less favourable. Mineral wool is classified as non-flammable/non-combustible material. It also has considerable resistance to the majority of chemical substances. The water vapour transmission coefficient is very high with approx. 48010-6 g/(mhPa). This ensures the absence of water vapour transmission. The hydrophobic property of mineral wool prevents the rise of capillary moisture and the absorption of water vapour contained in the air. Mineral wool boards have a considerable weight, low rigidity and relatively low strength. Stresses of approx. 40 kPa cause a 10 % deformation. Yet it is the fibrous structure of the board that ensures good acoustic insulation of walls. The mineral wool used in ETIC systems must conform with the requirements of standard EN 13162:2004 for product CS(10)40 (a 10 % deformation of mineral wool is caused by a stress of least 40 kPa). Two types of mineral wool boards may be used in ETIC systems. The first one is mineral wool with a disturbed fibre structure (density 120 to 160 kg/m, strength at break perpendicular to the board surface >10 kPa), on boards with dimensions of 50-60 cm 100-120 cm. The second one is a board with a laminar parallel fibre structure, placed perpendicular to the wall surface (density 80 to 120 kg/m). Owing to their oblong shape (dimensions in general 20 120 cm), these boards are frequently called lamella boards.
30
31
Examples for the classification of individual boards: MW-EN13162-T5-CS(10)40-TR15-WS-DS(TH)MU1, in which: MW is an abbreviation for mineral wool, EN 13162 number of the relevant European standard T5 indicates the thickness tolerance class T5 (admissible thickness shortage -1 % or -1 mm; permissible thickness surplus +3 mm) CS(10)40 indicates that the value of compressive stress at 10 % relative deformation is at least 40 kPa TR15 indicates the tensile strength in a perpendicular way to the butting face of at least 15 kPa DS(TH) confirms the dimensional stability in standard climate conditions (temp. 70C, relative humidity 90 %); this means that changes in linear dimensions do not exceed 1 % in such conditions MU1 refers to the permeation of water vapour (dimensionless coefficient of relative diffusive resistance for H2O < 1)
Conclusions
Properties Suitability for mechanical processing (cutting, drilling, lapping) Suitability for surface levelling by grinding Fire classification Resistance to natural ageing factors Resistance to microorganisms Permissible height of application on construction sites Health hazard
Foamed polystyrene very good
Mineral wool good
very good
limited
not spreading fire limited
non-flammable/non-combustible good
good depends on local regulations*
very good depends on local regulations**
not hazardous
possibility of hazard from dust created during processing full resistance approx. 30
Resistance to organic solvents Weight of 1 m thermal insulation at 10 cm thickness of thermal insulation material (adhesive mortar and mineral plaster) [kg] Surface finishing
no resistance approx. 15
acrylic plaster, silicate plaster, silicone plaster, silicone-silicate plaster, mineral plaster
mineral plaster, silicate plaster
Mineral wool based ETIC systems are also recommended for buildings with a high degree of humidity inside (e.g. catering kitchens, laundries and dry cleaners, water treatment plants, carwashes, public baths etc.) provided that suitable vapour barriers and hydroinsulation materials have been installed. This is due to the fact that the condensation of water vapour poses a hazard for mineral wool as it decreases its thermal insulation capacity. Although the walls of wet facilities are generally covered with ceramic tiles, the materials selected for this kind of environment should be analyzed as to their hygrothermal behaviour. The selection of a mineral wool based system is also recommended for buildings located in a zone of high noise pollution. Boards made of lamella wool are both handy and flexible and thus ideally suited for buildings with a curved outline.
* according to Polish regulations: limited to 11th floor or 25 m height ** according to Polish regulations: no limitations
32
33
A comparison of technological and building properties of foamed polystyrene and mineral wool
When selecting the thermal insulation system for a building, fire safety is an important issue. For this reason, systems based on mineral wool should be used for the following cases: high buildings (the max. height of a building that can be thermally insulated with a system classified as not spreading fire depends on the local regulations, e.g. in Poland 25 m), buildings with a higher hazard classification (e.g. hospitals, schools, entertainment halls and other public facilities), and storage facilities for flammable materials.
ETIC systems are most frequently used for the thermal insulation of new buildings, but also for the thermorenovation of existing residential housing as well as for individual investment projects. Among others, this is due to economic reasons. Facade wool is more expensive than foamed polystyrene. Foamed polystyrene, which is almost ten times lighter is more convenient for transport and storage. Also the mechanical fixing is cheaper as it can be done entirely with plastic fasteners (for mineral wool anchors with metal spindles are required). EPS boards are much easier to process and can be cut and polished without major problems. Contrary to mineral wool fibres, foamed polystyrene particles do not cause any irritation of the skin and mucous membranes for the product users when installing the thermal insulation. As a result, labour costs for wool based systems are higher by at least 20 to 30 %. One should bear in mind that during the time that EPS boards have been in general use for ETIC systems (mineral wool has been in use for a much shorter time), no cases of fire propagation caused by ETICS have been recorded. When choosing foamed polystyrene, there is no danger of excessive load to the building wall. One square meter of a foamed polystyrene based system with a board thickness of 10 cm weighs not more than 11-15 kg. By contrast, a system based on facade wool of similar thickness weighs more than 30 kg. Hence the application of wool for thermal insulation of multilayer walls necessitates the use of sufficiently long anchor fasteners.
Ceresit Ceretherm ETICS Ceretherm VWS Popular

Ceretherm VWS Popular
1. Fixing 2. Insulation material 3. Reinforced layer 4. Priming paint 5. Plaster 6. Paint
Scope of use
For insulating newly constructed buildings and those subject to thermal renovation Recommended for small and medium-sized buildings in residential housing and public building construction (up to 12 m height above ground level) Economical solution Resistant to microbiological contamination (mould and algae) Impact-resistant Resistant to weather Low absorbency Fire classification: B1 according to EN 13501-1 (non-fire spreading) Choice of different textures of mineral, acrylic, silicone-silicate plasters to choose Wide standard colour range of plasters and paints available (163 colours)
1. Fixing
Properties
Adhesive mortar Ceresit ZS or mortar Ceresit ZU Plastic anchors Ceresit CT 330 or CT 335 with a steel core Use of fasteners is obligatory when fixing the boards with adhesive mortar Ceresit ZS and in the facade edge zones Number of fasteners and their arrangement should be determined by an architect, based on the substrate analysis and load calculations Styrofoam boards Ceresit CT 315, or a comparable product, classified as EPS-EN13163-T2-L2-W2-S2-P3-BS112-CS(10)70-DS(N)2-DS(70,-)2-TR100, or EPS-EN13163-T2-L2-W2-S2-P4-BS125-CS(10)80-DS(N)2-DS(70,-)2-TR100 Thickness up to 20 cm With a flat of shaped end face Glass fibre fabric Ceresit CT 325 with a density of 145 g/m and above Universal mortar Ceresit ZU Acrylic Ceresit CT 16 for mineral, acrylic, silicone-silicate plasters Mineral plasters (coloured or paintable): Ceresit CT 35 rustic, Ceresit CT 137 stone, Ceresit CT 36 mix Acrylic plasters: Ceresit CT 63, CT 64 rustic; Ceresit CT 60 stone Silicate-silicone plasters: Ceresit CT 175 rustic; Ceresit CT 174 stone Mosaic plasters Ceresit CT 77, CT 177 (for platforms and small details of the facade) Acrylic paint: Ceresit CT 42 Silicate paint: Ceresit CT 54 Sections CT 340 (for use on platforms, corners and windows)
2. Insulation material
Appearance
3. Reinforced layer
Application System elements easy to prepare or ready to use Wide range of supplementary materials Numerous solutions of details available All brick and concrete structures with a bearing surface It is recommended to analyze the thermal and heat-humidity properties of the partition, e.g by means of the program Ceresit Konstruktor 3.7 Temperatures in the range of +5C to +25C Humidity below 80 %
4. Priming paint 5. Plaster
Conditions of application
6. Paint
7. Supplementary elements
34
35
VI
Substrates
Ceretherm VWS Classic
Ceretherm VWS Classic

1. Fixing 2. Insulation material 3. Reinforced 4. Priming paint 5. Plaster 6. Paint
Scope of use
For insulating newly constructed buildings and those subject to thermal renovation For the construction of residential, public and industrial buildings Maximum height of application depends on local fire regulations (e.g. in Poland 25 m) Well-proven and durable solution Resistant to microbiological contamination (mould and algae) Resistant to stronger impacts Resistant to weather Low absorbency Fire classification: B1 according to EN 13501-1 (non-fire spreading) Meets the requirements of ETAG 004, European Standards EN 13499 and EN 13500 Choice of different textures of mineral, acrylic, silicate, silicone, silicate-silicone plasters to choose Wide standard colour range of plasters and paints available (163 colours) Non-standard colours can be provided on special request. System elements easy to prepare or ready to use Wide range of supplementary materials Numerous solutions of details available All brick and concrete constructions with a bearing surface It is recommended to analyze the thermal and heat-humidity properties of the partition, e.g. by means of the program Ceresit Konstruktor 3.7 Temperatures in the range of +5C to +25C Humidity below 80 %
1. Fixing
Properties
Styrofoam boards Ceresit CT 315, or a comparable product classified as EPS-EN13163-T2-L2-W2-S2-P3-BS112-CS(10)70-DS(N)2-DS(70,-)2-TR100, or EPS-EN13163-T2-L2-W2-S2-P4-BS125-CS(10)80-DS(N)2-DS(70,-)2-TR100 Thickness up to 25 m With a flat or shaped end face Glass fibre fabric Ceresit CT 325 with a density of 145 g/m and above VWS mortar Ceresit CT 85 Silicate Ceresit CT 15 for silicate plasters Acrylic Ceresit CT 16 for mineral, acrylic, silicone, silicone-silicate plasters Mineral plasters (coloured or paintable): Ceresit CT 35 rustic, Ceresit CT 137 stone, Ceresit CT 36 mix Acrylic plasters: Ceresit CT 63 rustic, CT 64; Ceresit CT 60 stone Silicate plasters: Ceresit CT 73 rustic; Ceresit CT 72 stone Silicone plasters: Ceresit CT 75 rustic; Ceresit CT 74 stone Silicate-silicone plasters: Ceresit CT 174 stone; Ceresit CT 175 rustic Mosaic plasters: Ceresit CT 77, CT 177 (for platforms and small facade details) Acrylic paint: Ceresit CT 42, CT 44 Silicone paint: Ceresit CT 48 Silicate paint: Ceresit CT 54 Sections CT 340 (for use on platforms, corners and windows)
Appearance
3. Reinforced layer
4. Priming paint
Application
5. Plaster
Substrates
6. Paint
36
37
VI
Adhesive mortar Ceresit CT 83 or VWS mortar Ceresit CT 85 Plastic anchors Ceresit CT 330 or CT 335 with a steel core Use of anchors is obligatory when fixing boards with adhesive mortar Ceresit CT 83; in the facade edge zones, and when the system is applied at a height of more than 12 m Number of anchors and arrangement should be determined by an architect, based on the substrate analysis and load calculations
Ceretherm VWS Classic Winter
Ceretherm VWS Classic Winter

1. Fixing 2. Insulation material 3. Reinforced layer 4. Priming paint 5. Plaster
Scope of use
Designed for low-termperature application For insulating newly constructed buildings and those subject to thermal renovation For the construction of residential, public and industrial buildings Maximum height of application depends on the fire regulations (e.g. in Poland 25 m) Well-tested and durable solution Complete winter variant of the insulation system Resistant to microbiological contaminations (mould and algae) Resistant to stronger impacts Resistant to weather Low absorbency Fire classification: B1 according to EN 13501-1 (non-fire spreading) Choice of different textures of acrylic plasters to choose Wide standard colour range of plasters available (163 colours) Non-standard colours can be provided on request System elements easy to prepare or ready to use Wide range of supplementary materials Numerous solutions of details available All brick and concrete constructions with a bearing surface It is recommended to analyze the thermal and heat-humidity properties of the partition, e.g. by means of the program Ceresit Konstruktor 3.7 Temperatures in the range of 0 to +20C (8 hours after the application temperature drops to 5C are permitted) Humidity up to 90 %
1. Fixing
VWS mortar Ceresit CT 85 Winter Plastic anchors Ceresit CT 330 or CT 335 with a steel core; mechanical fixing is obligatory Number of anchors and arrangement should be determined by an architect, based on the substrate analysis and load calculations
3. Reinforced layer
Glass fibre fabric Ceresit CT 325 with a density of 145 g/m and above VWS mortar Ceresit CT 85 Winter Acrylic Ceresit CT 16 Winter* Winter variant of acrylic plasters: Ceresit CT 63, CT 64 rustic; Ceresit CT 60* stone Sections CT 340 (for use on platforms, corners and windows)
Appearance
Substrates
* Soon available as part of the standard range.
38
39
VI
Application
Proper
Styrofoam boards Ceresit CT 315 or comparable products, EPS-EN13163-T2-L2-W2-S2-P3-BS112-CS(10)70-DS(N)2-DS(70,-)2-TR100, or EPS-EN13163-T2-L2-W2-S2-P4-BS125-CS(10)80-DS(N)2-DS(70,-)2-TR100 Thickness up to 25 cm With a flat or shaped end face
Ceretherm VWS Premium
Ceretherm VWS Premium

1. Fixing 2. Insulation material 3. Reinforced layer 5. Plaster 6. Paint
Scope of use
Enables quicker completion of insulation works For insulating newly constructed buildings and those subject to thermal renovation For the construction of residential, public and industrial buildings Maximum height of application depends on the fire regulations (e.g. in Poland up to 25 m) Safe and reliable solution of highest quality Especially resistant to microbiological contamination (mould and algae) Resistant to strong impacts Especially resistant to weather Particularly low absorbency Fire classification: B1 according to EN 13501-1 (non-fire spreading) Choice of different textures of mineral, acrylic, silicate, silicone and silicate-silicone plasters to choose Wide standard colour range of plasters and paints available (163 colours) Non-standard colours can be provided on request System elements easy to prepare or ready to use Wide range of supplementary materials Numerous solutions of details available All brick and concrete constructions with a bearing surface It is recommended to analyze the thermal and heat-humidity properties of the partition, e.g by means of the program Ceresit Konstruktor 3.7 Temperatures in the range of +5C to +25C Humidity below 80 %
1. Fixing
Styrofoam boards Ceresit CT 315, or a comparable product, classified as EPS-EN13163-T2-L2-W2-S2-P3-BS112-CS(10)70-DS(N)2-DS(70,-)2-TR100, or EPS-EN13163-T2-L2-W2-S2-P4-BS125-CS(10)80-DS(N)2-DS(70,-)2-TR100 Thickness up to 25 cm With a flat or shaped end face Glass fibre fabric Ceresit CT 325 with a density of 145 g/m and above White adhesive-rendering mortar Ceresit CT 87* 2 in 1 N/A Mineral plasters (coloured or paintable) Ceresit CT 35 rustic; Ceresit CT 137 stone; Ceresit CT 36 mix Acrylic plasters: Ceresit CT 63, CT 64 rustic; Ceresit CT 60 stone Silicate plasters: Ceresit CT 73 rustic; Ceresit CT 72 stone Silicone plasters: Ceresit CT 75 rustic; Ceresit CT 74 stone Silicate-silicone plasters: Ceresit CT 174 stone; Ceresit CT 175 rustic Mosaic plasters: Ceresit CT 77, CT 177 (for pedestal zones and facade details of small areas) Acrylic paint Ceresit CT 42, 44 Silicone paint Ceresit CT 48 Silicate paint Ceresit CT 54 - Sections CT 340 (for use on pedestals, corners and windows)
Appearance
3. Reinforced layer
4. Priming paint Application 5. Plaster
Substrates
6. Paint
* Soon available as part of the standard range.
40
41
VI
Properties
Adhesive mortar Ceresit CT 83 or white adhesive rendering mortar Ceresit CT 87* 2 in 1 Plastic anchors Ceresit CT 330 or CT 335 with a steel core The use of fasteners is obligatory when fixing the boards with Ceresit CT 83 mortar; in the facade edge zones, and when the system is applied at heights above 12 m Number of fasteners and their arrangement should be determined by an architect, based on the substrate analysis and load calculations
Ceretherm VWS Ceramic
Ceretherm VWS Ceramic

1. Fixing 2. Insulation material 3. Reinforced layer 5. Ceramic tiling 6. Tiles
Scope of use
For insulating newly constructed buildings and those subject to thermal renovation, finished with ceramic tiles For the construction of residential, public and industrial buildings Maximum height of application depends on the fire regulations (e.g. in Poland up to 25 m) Durable and aesthetic solution of highest quality Especially resistant to microbiological contamination (mould and algae) Resistant to strong impacts Especially resistant to weather Particularly low absorbency Especially easy to keep clean Fire classification: B1 according to EN 13501-1 (non-fire spreading) Depends on which type of ceramic tile and grout colour is chosen System elements easy to prepare or ready to use Wide range of supplementary materials Numerous solutions of details available All brick and concrete constructions with a bearing surface It is recommended to analyze the thermal and heat-humidity properties of the partition,n e.g. by means of the program Ceresit Konstruktor 3.7
1. Fixing 2. Insulation material
VWS mortar Ceresit CT 85 Styrofoam board Ceresit CT 315 or a comparable product, classified as: EPS-EN13163-T2-L2-W2-S2-P3-BS112-CS(10)70-DS(N)2-DS(70,-)2-TR100, or EPS-EN13163-T2-L2-W2-S2-P4-BS125-CS(10)80-DS(N)2-DS(70,-)2-TR100 Thickness up to 25 cm With a flat or shaped end face Two layers of glass fibre fabric Ceresit CT 325 with a density of 160g/m and above The 1st layer must be additionally fixed by anchors with a steel core (Ceresit CT 335) Number of fasteners and their arrangement should be determined by an architect, based on the substrate analysis and load calculation (recommended: min. 8 fasteners/m) VWS mortar Ceresit CT 85 N/A Adhesive mortar: Ceresit CM 17 or Ceresit CM 18 Tiles: water absorbency low, (E 3 % class 1 according to EN 176), dimensions 3030cm and weight 40 kg/m2 Grout: CE 43, min. width 6mm Filling: polyurethane sealant Ceresit CS 29 Support: round foam section (bead) whose diameter corresponds to the selected width of the grout (=120 %d) Professional expansion sections with EPDM filled section Sections CT 340 (for use on platforms, corners and windows)
3. Reinforced layer
Appearance Application
4. Priming paint 5. Ceramic tiling
Substrates
6. Tiles
Conditions of application Temperatures in the range of +5C to +25C Humidity below 80 %
42
43
VI
Properties
Ceretherm VWS Express
Ceretherm VWS Express

Scope of use
Superfast application and durable highest quality solution For insulating newly constructed buildings and those subject to thermal renovation For the construction of residental, public and industrial buildings Maximum height of application 25 m Especially resistant to microbiological contamination (mould and algae) Resistant to strong impacts Especially resistant to weather Particularly low absorbency Very high vapour permeability Fire classification: B1 according to EN 13501-1 (non-fire spreading) Choice of different textures of mineral, acrylic, silicate, silicone and silicate-silicone plasters to choose Wide standard colour range of plasters and paints available (163 colours) Non-standard colours can be provided on request System elements easy to prepare or ready to use Wide range of supplementary materials Numerous solutions of details available All brick and concrete constructions with a bearing surface It is recommended to analyze the thermal and heat-humidity properties of the partition, e.g by means of the program Ceresit Konstruktor 3.7 Temperatures in the range of +5C to +25C (the application of the coloured mineral plasters is permitted over +9C) Humidity below 80 %
1. Fixing
Polyurethane adhesive for foamed polystyrene boards Ceresit CT 84 Express Plastic anchors Ceresit CT 330 or CT 335 with steel core Number of fasteners and their arrangement should be determined by an architect, based on the substrate analysis and load calculations Styrofoam boards Ceresit CT 315; EPS-EN13163-CS(10)70 or EPS-EN13163CS(10)80 Thickness up to 25 cm With a flat or shaped and face profiled butting Glass fibre fabric Ceresit CT 325 with a density at least 145 g/m2 White adhesive-armouring mortar Ceresit CT 87 2 in 1 Not applicable Mineral plasters (coloured or for painting): Ceresit CT 137 stone; Ceresit CT 35 rustic; Ceresit CT 36 mix Acrylic plasters: Ceresit CT 60 stone; Ceresit CT 63 rustic; Ceresit CT 64 rustic Silicate plasters: Ceresit CT 72 stone; Ceresit CT 73 rustic Silicone plasters: Ceresit CT 74 stone; Ceresit CT 75 rustic Silicate-silicone plasters: Ceresit CT 174 stone; Ceresit CT 175 rustic Acrylic paint Ceresit CT 42, CT 44 Silicone paint Ceresit CT 48 Silicate paint Ceresit CT 54 Sections CT 340 (for use on pedestals, corners and windows); angles and pins for fixing foamed polystyrene in critical places
Properties
3. Reinforced layer
Appearance
Application
Substrates
6. Paint
44
45
VI
Ceresit CT 84 Express the innovative adhesive for foamed polystyrene

Ceresit CT 84 Express is ready-for-use polyurethane adhesive for foamed polystyrene. It is applied with a convenient gun, thus fixing the panels is fast, efficient and clean. Moreover, Ceresit CT 84 binds quickly and is resistant to humidity and low temperature. The reinforced layer may be executed only 2 hours after placing foamed polystyrene. The result? Faster work with thermal insulation, lower effort, and extended time for other works. during the same day it is possible to apply adhesive, insert anchors and place the reinforced layer, thus reducing the time for insulation work even by 5 days High adhesion to mineral substrates and foamed polystyrene adhesion to mineral substrates, wood, metals and plastics is better compared to cement mortars strength growth of the connection is definitely faster Very good insulation properties very low value of the thermal conductivity index l = 0,035 W/mK the adhesive layer under foamed polystyrene panels additionally improves the effect of heat protection for the building no risk for any occurrence of thermal bridges due to penetration of adhesive between insulations panels Enables managing of the works in low temperatures and high humidity wide range of application conditions: temperature of use: 0C to +40C air humidity: even above 90% high humidity does not slow down the process of hardening (it quickens the process) at the temperature of 0C, curing time is only ca. 3 hours at +40C, complete fixing is achieved as fast as after ca. 10 minutes Low-pressure stable dimensions expansion of adhesive is very fast and its voluminous effect is very limited after fixing the panels to the facade, adhesive is not expanding any more (deformations <1 mm) Water-resistant adhesive has structure with closed pores and includes water-repellent agents absorbability below 1% vol. condensation of vapour within the adhesive layer does not weaken the connection, unlike with regular cement mortars CFC-free ecological recipe prevents the ozone hole and greenhouse effects.
Comparesement of insolation time consuming between two systems:
Traditional system with cement adhesive Day gluing panels grinding panels anchoring panels armouring layer priming rendering Ceresit VWS Express Day gluing panels CT 84 Express grinding panels anchoring panels armouring layer CT 87 2 in 1 priming none rendering 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Advantages of Ceresit CT 84 Express

Easy dosing, convenient in use and extremely efficient does not require effort in transport and preparation precise dosing allows accurate application of adhesive negligible weight and plastic consistency increase comfort of work weight of the complete package including the application gun: only ca. 1 kg extremely efficient: the 750 ml package sufficient for about 6 m2 of foamed polystyrene (a 25 kg bag of typical mortar adhesive for only 5 m2). Superfast enables fast progress of work adhesive hardens after ca. 20-30 minutes from application after ca. 2 hours, the fixed foamed polystyrene panels may be ground, fixed with anchors, and then the reinforced layer may be executed using Ceresit CT 87 2 in 1 mortar
Ceresit VWS Express - advantages:

Express thermal insulation shortening time of application of the thermal insulation system by as many as 5 days. Lower cost of 1 m2 of the system with the innovative adhesive Ceresit CT 84 Express and the Ceresit CT 87 2 in 1 white adhesive armouring mortar lower costs of materials, labour, renting scaffolding and transport. Better durability of the whole system of thermal insulation with higher resistance to: mechanical damages (impact, perforation) formation of scratches and micro-cracks from high contents of organic modifiers and fibres in Ceresit CT 87 2 in 1 difficult weather conditions (sudden changes and high amplitudes of temperature) by reducing
absorbability of the Ceresit CT 87 2 in 1 mortar by 50% and reduction of absorbability of the whole system as compared with standard requirements by 65% biological contamination (fungus, algae) with minimised absorbability of Ceresit CT 87 2 in 1, optimum properties of Ceresit CT 72, CT 73 silicate plasters soiling with minimised absorbability of Ceresit CT 87 2 in 1 and the appropriate selection of the final plaster(silicone Ceresit CT 74, CT 75 plasters are especially recommended). Full compliance with the highest standards of the European Union it meets the ETAG 004 requirements (European Technical Approval Guidelines for thermal insulation systems (ETICS).
46
47
VI
5 days faster!!!
Ceretherm WM Classic
Ceretherm WM Classic
1. Fixing 2. Insulation material 3. Reinforced layer 4. Priming paint 5. Plaster 6. Paint
Scope of use
Properties
Safe and reliable solution Resistant to microbiological contamination (mould and algae) Resistant to stronger impacts Resistant to weather Low absorbency Very high vapour permeability Fire classification: A1 according to EN 13501-1 (non-flammable, if covered with mineral plaster) Choice of different textures of mineral and silicate plasters to choose Wide standard colour range of plasters and paints available (163 colours) Non-standard colours can be provided on request System elements easy to prepare or ready to use Wide range of supplementary materials Numerous solutions of details available All brick and concrete constructions with a bearing surface Wood and wood-based structures Frames and other structures with low diffusion resistance It is recommended to analyze the thermal and heat-humidity properties of the partition, e.g. by means of the program Ceresit Konstruktor 3.5 Temperatures in the range of +5C to +25C Humidity below 80 %
Ceresit CT 320 mineral wool with a disturbed fibre layout or Ceresit CT 320 mineral wool with lamella fibre layout (so-called lamella wool) or a comparable product, classified as MW-EN13162-T5-CS(10)40-TR15-WS-DS(TH)-MU1 Glass fibre fabric Ceresit CT 325 with a density of 145 g/m and above WM mortar Ceresit CT 190 Silicate Ceresit CT 15 for silicate plasters Acrylic Ceresit CT 16 for mineral plasters Mineral plasters (coloured or paintable) Ceresit CT 35 rustic; Ceresit CT 137 stone; Ceresit CT 36 mix Silicate plasters: Ceresit CT 73 rustic; Ceresit CT 72 stone Silicone paint Ceresit CT 48 Silicate paint Ceresit CT 54 Sections CT 340 (for use on platforms, corners and windows)
3. Reinforced layer
4. Priming paint
Application
6. Paint
Substrates
48
49
VI
Appearance
5. Plaster
For insulating newly constructed buildings and those subject to thermal renovation For the construction of residential, public and industrial buildings For buildings with strict fire requirements, including highrises (no limits with respect to the height of application) and public buildings (schools, hospitals, shopping centers, gyms, entertainment centers, etc.) For damp buildings For facilities with increased air humidity (swimming pools, laundries, kitchens, bathrooms)
1. Fixing
WM mortar Ceresit CT 190 Anchors with a steel core Ceresit CT 335 The use of fasteners is obligatory in the case of boards with a disturbed fibre structure; in the facade edge zones and when the system is applied at heights above 12 m Number of fasteners and their arrangement should be determined by an architect, based on the substrate analysis and load calculations
Ceretherm WM Premium
Ceretherm WM Premium
Scope of use
Properties
Safe and reliable solution of highest quality Especially resistant to microbiological contamination (mould and algae) Resistant to strong impacts Especially resistant to weather Particularly low absorbency Very high vapour permeability Fire classification: A1 or B1 according to EN 13501-1 (depending on the type of plaster applied) Choice of different textures of mineral and silicate plasters Wide standard colour range of plasters and paints available (163 colours) Non-standard colours can be provided on request System elements easy to prepare or ready to use Wide range of supplementary materials Numerous solutions of details available All brick and concrete constructions with a bearing surface It is recommended to carry out a thermal and heat-humidity analysis of the partition, e.g. by means of the program Ceresit Konstruktor 3.5 Temperatures in the range of +5C to +25C Humidity below 80 %
Ceresit CT 320 mineral wool with a disturbed fibre layout or Ceresit CT 320 mineral wool with lamella fibre layout (so-called lamella wool) or a comparable product, classified as MW-EN13162-T5-CS(10)40-TR15-WS-DS(TH)-MU1 Glass fibre fabric Ceresit CT 325 with a density of 145 g/m and above White adhesive rendering mortar Ceresit CT 87* 2 in 1 N/A Mineral plasters (coloured or paintable) Ceresit CT 35 rustic; Ceresit CT 137 stone; Ceresit CT 36 mix Silicate plasters: Ceresit CT 73 rustic; Ceresit CT 72 stone Silicone paint Ceresit CT 48 Silicate paint Ceresit CT 54 Sections CT 340 (for use on platforms, corners and windows)
3. Reinforced layer
Appearance
6. Paint
Application
*Soon available as part of the standard range.
Substrates
50
51
VI
Enables quicker completion of insulation works For insulating newly constructed buildings and those subject to thermal renovation For the construction of residential, public and industrial buildings For buildings with strict fire requirements, highrises (no limits with respect to the height of application) and public buildings (schools, hospitals, shopping centres, gyms, entertainment centres, etc.) For damp buildings For facilities with increased air humidity (swimming pools, laundries, kitchens, bathrooms)
1. Fixing
WM mortar Ceresit CT 190 or white adhesive rendering mortar Ceresit CT 87* 2 in 1 Anchors with a steel core Ceresit CT 335 The use of fasteners is obligatory when fixing boards with a disturbed fibre layout; in facade edge zones and when the system is applied at heights above 12 m. Number of fasteners and their arrangement should be determined by an architect, based on the substrate analysis and load calculations
Ceretherm ETIC Systems

ELEMENT Fixing thermal insulation boards Insulation material Anchors Supplementary sections Protection layer ZU Priming paint Facade lining: mineral acrylic CT 35, 36, 137 CT 60, 64 CT 35, 36, 137 CT 60, 64 CT 16 VWS Popular ZS*, ZU VWS Classic CT 83*, 85 VWS Classic Winter CT 85 Winter* VWS Premium CT 83*, CT 87 2 in 1 Styrofoam CT 315
Ceretherm ETIC Systems

ELEMENT Fixing thermal insulation boards Insulation material Anchors Supplementary sections Protection layer CT 87 2 in 1 VWS Ceramic CT 83* CT 85*** Styrofoam CT 315 VWS Express CT 84 Express* WM Classic CT 180*, 190** WM Premium CT 190**, CT 87 2 in 1** MW boards
Styrofoam CT 315
Styrofoam CT 315
Styrofoam CT 315
Styrofoam CT 315
MW boards
CT 330, 335 CT 340
CT 330, 335 CT 340
CT 330, 335 CT 340
CT 330, 335 CT 340
CT 335 CT 340
CT 330, CT 335 CT 340
CT 335 CT 340
CT 335 CT 340
Mesh CT 325, density 145g/m or more CT 85 CT 15, 16 CT 85 Winter CT 16 Winter
2 x Mesh CT 325, density 160g/m or more CT 85
Mesh CT 325, density 145g/m or more
CT 87 2 in 1
CT 190 CT 15, 16
CT 87 2 in 1
Priming paint Facade lining:
CT 60 Winter, CT 64 Winter
CT 35, 36, 137 CT 60, 64
mineral acrylic silicate silicone silicate-silicone mosaic **** Optional paint coating:
CT 35, 36, 137 CT 60, 64 CT 72, 73 CT 74, 75 CT 174, 175 CT 77
CT 35, 36, 137
CT 35, 36, 137
CT 72, 73 CT 74, 75 CT 174, 175
CT 72, 73 CT 74, 75 CT 174, 175
silicate silicone silicate-silicone mosaic **** Optional paint coating: acrylic silicate silicone Tiles
CT 72, 73 CT 74, 75 CT 174, 175 CT 77
CT 72, 73 CT 74, 75 CT 174, 175 CT 77
CT 72, 73 CT 74, 75 CT 174, 175 CT 77
CT 42, 44 CT 54 CT 48
CT 42, 44 CT 54 CT 48
CT 42, 44 CT 54 CT 48
acrylic silicate silicone Tiles
Water absorption low (E 3 % class 1 according to EN 176), dimensions 3030 cm and weight 40 kg/m CM 17, 18
CT 42, 44 CT 54 CT 48
CT 54 CT 48
CT 54 CT 48
Ceramic tiling/ Adhesive mortar Grout PU sealant
Ceramic tiling/ Adhesive mortar Grout PU sealant
CE 43 CS 29
* **
Additional mechanical fixing is obligatory. Additional mechanical fixing is obligatory when using boards with a disturbed structure.
*** Obligatory use of additional mechanical fasteners to fix the first layer of the mesh. **** For finishing the pedestal zones of the building and small facade details.
52
53
VI
European standards of the EN 1062 series define the following values for thermal insulation systems: absorbency water vapour permeability self-cleaning ability The systems are also classified according to their water permeability coefficient:
Water permeability coefficient W [ kg/m x h0.5 ] below 0.1
Classification of facade materials according to their Sd coefficient:

Class I Sd [m] below 0.14 Type of material mineral, silicone and silicate-organic materials acrylic materials with reduced binder contents acrylic materials with high binder contents
II
0.14-1.4
Class
Classification
III
over 1.4
Ceresit Plasters
II III IV
0.1-0.5 0.5-2.0 over 2.0
water repellent water limiting water permeable
Apart from improving a buildings insulation properties, thermal insulation can also ensure its proper protection against the penetration of water and provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance. It is a well-known fact that the location of a building, i.e. its geographical location and orientation with respect to the points of the compass, determines the climatic conditions that the building is exposed to. Consequently, the buildings location has a decisive influence on the durability of the facade. The extent of fluctuations in temperature and air humidity, the quantity and intensity of rain, the distribution of wind direction and speed,
the buildings location in the vicinity of forests, rivers, lakes or artificial open water reservoirs, its proximity to transport routes with heavy traffic, industrial plants etc. all these factors have an impact on the degree of contamination and moisture that the facade is exposed to. If the building is located in an area of intensive wind blowing from suitable directions, the drying process of the facade is accelerated. In less favourable conditions, when the wind blows from the direction of water reservoirs, forests or industrial areas, the facade is more likely to be contaminated by pollen, spores, fungi, algae and dust from other sources. In moist weather, these contaminants tend to settle on the surface much more easily and tenaciously.
The diffusivity of a facade system is determined by: Coefficient of relative diffusion resistance stating how many times water vapour diffusion resistance in the coat exceeds water vapour diffusion resistance in still air gap/layer of the same obstacle to thickness than temperature Sd Relative diffusive resistance, i.e. thickness of still air gap, which constitutes the same obstacle to water vapour permeation than the given material [m] d Layer thickness [m] Sd = x d [m]
Type of coating system Silicate-organic system Silicone system Acrylic system
Loss of whiteness degree [%] 0.11
Sprinkling angle [ ] 79
0.19
120
2.12
104
54
Ceresit Plasters
55
VII
Ceresit Plasters
resistant to water
In normal conditions, the resistance of the facade plaster layer to dirt is of particular importance. These values are determined by measuring the plasters or paints loss in the degree of whiteness. It was found that the angle at which the coat is sprinkled with water is a parameter that determines its susceptibility to soiling. The bigger it is, the higher are the hydrophobic properties of the coat. At a bigger angle, water carrying dirt cannot penetrate too easily into the base structure, and so the facade remains cleaner.
What are the basic differences of materials that are based on different binders, i.e. mineral, acrylic, silicate and silicone ones? The different types of plasters include mineral plasters which are based on a cement binder, acrylic plasters with a polymer-based binder (acrylic resins), silicate plasters which are based on water solutions of potassium silicate and polymer dispersions, and silicone plasters with a binder that combines silicone resins with acrylic resins or acrylic-styrene resins. The essential differences between particular types of plasters can be described as follows: Mineral and silicate plasters are characterised by a relatively low diffusion resistance as compared to acrylic and silicone plasters. Acrylic and silicone plasters have a low absorbency as compared to mineral and silicate plasters. These parameters are clearly related to the modifier content (including synthetic resins) in the plaster mass. The resin content in mineral plasters is several times lower than in acrylic, silicone and silicate plasters. Consequently, the plaster parameters differ as described above, which is obviously due to the polymer content.
Apart from polymers, the following modifiers can be used as plaster additives: synthetic fibres (used to prevent shrinkage during initial setting) densifiers (used to influence the water detention as well as the consistency and workability of the plaster during application) deaeration of the plaster before application due to entrapped air during the mixing process; also used to improve the workability of the applied mass pigments (used to determine mass colour) special admixtures to anchor inorganic pigments on the phase boundary, using resin as filler grain (these are specially selected minerals of natural origin) hydrophobic substances (used to reduce surface and capillary absorbency) surface active agents dispersants (used to improve the homogenization and workability of the ready plaster) coalescent systems (used to allow application of the plaster at temperatures close to zero) biocides (used to protect the stored plaster before application and the finished plaster against biological corrosion and microorganic growth after application)
Due to their increased polymer content, acrylic and silicone plasters (CT 60, CT 63, CT 64, CT 74, CT 75) have the following properties that distinguish them from mineral and silicate plasters (CT 35, CT 36, CT 137, CT 72, CT 73): Larger binding shrinkage (organic bonds occur, and not mineral organic ones as in mineral and silicate plasters) is compensated by a considerably increased flexibility (acrylic and silicone plasters are characterised by much lower shrinkage deformations in the stage of initial setting). Lower absorbency Acrylic and silicone plasters contain more polymers which help seal the system, while mineral and silicate plasters are additionally sealed using hydrophobic additives. This also leads to better frost corrosion resistance in the winter period. Better resistance to dirt Acrylic and silicone plasters are subject to natural surface contamination which results from environment pollution and deposits formed by small dirt particles such as silt and dust on their surface. The polymer system is sealed, so during precipitation no migration of dirt takes place into the plaster structure. By contrast, mineral and silicate plasters are not only subject to surface but also to structural contamination. Ease of use Concerning the facade contamination mentioned above, acrylic and silicone plasters can be cleaned of dirt accumulated on the facade surface by applying hydrodynamic washing. Mineral and silicate plasters can only be restored by repainting. Resistance to colour changes As acrylic, silicone and silicate plasters do not contain any cement or lime, the facade is not subject to efflorescence in the event of adverse atmospheric conditions (high relative air humidity). Mineral plasters are susceptible to this type of discoloration. Large variety of colours Acrylic, silicate and silicone plasters can be tinted in a virtually unlimited number of colours. Mineral plasters are only available in white and a limited range of light pastel shades.
Colour durability Acrylic and silicone plasters have a better colour preservation than mineral and silicate ones due to their much lower alkalinity (pH close to neutral), Higher susceptibility to microorganic growth and biodegradation Acrylic and silicone plasters have a relatively high content of organic components which are a nutrient medium for fungi, mould, moss and algae. In particularly favourable conditions, these can grow on the facade, despite the biocide additive contained in the plaster. Highly alkalines surfaces such as mineral and silicate plasters (pH = 12-13) form a barrier for the growth of microorganisms. Lower durability over time Compared to mineral plasters, acrylic, silicone and silicate plasters are expected to decompose more quickly. Under the influence of UV radiation, resin plasters undergo slow destruction whereas the surface of mineral plasters gradually hardens thanks to the progressive carbonatisation. However, this process takes place over decades rather than years. Better resistance to thermal impact It goes without saying that the facade of each building undergoes changing thermal conditions (insolation, periods of low temperatures etc.), and consequent impact of stresses caused by linear deformations. The resulting stresses cause linear deformations. The higher flexibility of acrylic and silicone plasters mentioned above (organic intermolecular bonds) facilitates the compensation of theses stresses. In many cases, a network of microcracks can be avoided that tends to appear over time. The silicate-silicone plasters CT 174, CT 175 are hybrids that are based on silicone and silicate binders. Thanks to their formulations, they feature a lower diffusive resistance than typical silicone plasters, combined with a lower absorbency compared to silicate plasters. Their increased alkalinity helps to ensure long-lasting protection against biological impact. Silicate-silicone plasters are characterized by a high resistance to contamination and are very easy to clean and maintain.
56
Ceresit Plasters
57
VII
Ceresit Plasters
The selection of a suitable plaster also depends on the desired appearance of the final surface. Among others, modifiers can be used to adapt the material properties to the respective application and to the used tools. The grain size of a plaster determines the texture of a facade and can provide a rough or more delicate appearance. In addition, it influences the amount of material used per m.
III.Mixed textures
Rustic textures
I.Rustic textures
With mixed textures it is possible to create either horizontal or vertical lines, depending on the direction of the float movement. This is due to the aggregate contained in the plaster, similar to rustic textures. The spaces between the lines convey the appearance of dense aggregate grains, similar to the stone texture.
Rustic texture produced with Ceresit CT 35 mineral plaster, grain size 2.5 mm, obtained by circular floating with a plastic float.
Rustic texture produced with Ceresit CT 64 acrylic plaster, grain size 2.0 mm, obtained by floating with a plastic float in one direction.
IV.Textures of mosaic plasters

A rustic texture is obtained by floating the surface with a plastic float. During this process, aggregate grains contained in the material roll and scratch the plaster depending on the floats direction of motion. Thanks to various floating techniques (vertical, horizontal, circular) the plaster can be textured according to individual wishes. Depending on the grain size, the texture can be fine or coarse.
II.Stone textures
Ceresit CT 177 and CT 77 plasters are applied and smoothed with a metal float. Depending on the grading fraction, it is possible to produce a smoother or more intricate surface. Transparent resins are used a s a binder whereas coloured grit is used as a filler. After setting, the surface has a glassy colourful appearance which is easy to keep clean. Mosaic plasters are recommended for use on building pedestals, on the surface of balustrades as well as on window and door reveals and frames.
Rustic texture produced with Ceresit CT 35 mineral plaster, grain size 2.5 mm, obtained by floating with a plastic float in one direction.
Rustic texture produced with Ceresit CT 64 acrylic plaster, grain size 2.0 mm, obtained by circular floating with a plastic float.
Materials with a high grain content of the same fraction ensure a more homogeneous appearance. When using a plastic float, they obtain the texture of dense aggregate, the socalled stone texture. This plaster provides an elegant surface. When choosing an appropriate grading, the plaster can reinforce the buildings architectural style. Rustic texture produced with Ceresit CT 35 mineral plaster, grain size 3.5 mm, obtained by floating with a plastic float in one direction. Rustic texture produced with Ceresit CT 63 acrylic plaster, grain size 3.0 mm, obtained by floating with a plastic float in one direction.
58
Ceresit Plasters
59
VII
Ceresit Plasters
IV
Colour combinations for CT 77 mosaic plaster
Rustic texture produced with Ceresit CT 35 mineral plaster, grain size 3.5 mm, obtained by circular floating with a plastic float.
Stone texture produced with Ceresit CT 137 mineral plaster, grain size 2.5 mm, obtained by floating with a plastic float. 10M 14
II
Stone textures
III
Mixed textures
11M
15
Stone texture produced with Ceresit CT 60 acrylic plaster, grain size 1.5 mm, obtained by floating with a plastic float.
Mixed texture produced with Ceresit CT 36 mineral plaster. Depending on the direction of the float movement, either horizontal or vertical lines are produced due to the aggregate contained in the plaster, similar to rustic textures. Spaces between the lines convey the lines obtain the appearance of dense aggregate grains, similar to stone textures.
12M
16
Stone texture produced with Ceresit CT 137 mineral plaster, grain size 1.5 mm, obtained by floating with a plastic float. 13M 20
60
Ceresit Plasters
61
VII
Ceresit Plasters
21
25
32
40
22
26
33
41
24
31
35
43
62
Ceresit Plasters
63
VII
23
30
34
42
Ceresit Plasters
44
52
60M
63
45
53
61
64M
51
55M
64
Ceresit Plasters
65
VII
50M
54M
62M
65
Ceresit Plasters
Ceresit CT 35, CT 36, CT 137 Mineral Plasters
Before choosing a suitable plaster, it is necessary to first analyze the differences in material, application and technical use as well as the economic properties of different plasters. These findings must then be related to the requirements of the building its structure and expected conditions of use as well as to the expectations of the investor. Ceresit offers a wide variety of colours for its acrylic, silicate and silicone plasters and paints 27 colour lines, each with 6 colours, thus allowing sufficient freedom of choice from a total of 163 standard Ceresit colours. Furthermore, we are able to fulfill individual orders for special plaster or paint colours, based on sample sets available in the market. However, Ceresit plasters do not only offer a great variety of patterns and colours. On top, these plasters ensure long-lasting durability. This durability results from their flexibility, high vapour permeability, low absorbability and resistance to biological influences. A combination of highly resistant binders and fillers and most durable pigments and modifying agents lends Ceresit plasters a durability that will last for decades to come.
CT 35 is a rustic texture plaster with a grain size of 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm. CT 137 is a stone texture plaster with a grain size of 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm and CT 36 is a structural plaster with a grain size of 2 mm and a mixed texture (combining elements of the rustic and the stone texture). Mineral plasters are produced based on cement with mineral fillers and modifiers. Due to the addition of biocides, they are efficiently and permanently protected against biological influences. The main advantage of mineral plasters is their long durability and very good water vapour permeability. Owing to their mineral character and high vapour permeability, they are recommended for application in buildings exposed to high moisture where a low diffusive resistance of the building envelope is required. When taking into account their non-flammable character and very good vapour permeability, they are especially recommended for use with Ceresit Ceretherm WM. This system makes use of mineral wool boards as insulation material.
However, it is also possible to use mineral plasters in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS systems with foamed polystyrene boards. They can also be applied as a thin plaster layer on concrete bases, traditional plasters, gypsum substrates and on chipboards, gypsum wallboards, etc. Before applying mineral plasters, the surface should be primed with CT 16. There is one exception: reinforced layers produced with Ceresit CT 87 do not need to be primed. During their useful life, the plasters can be renovated by coating them with CT 54 silicate paint, CT 48 silicone paint or CT 42/CT 44 acrylic paint. Ceresit mineral plasters CT 35 and CT 137 are available in special economical variants which need to be coated with Ceresit paint. Thanks to the large range of available colours, any desired shade can be created. To sum up, the main properties of mineral plasters are: long durability very good water vapour permeability inflammability suitability for both Ceresit Ceretherm systems (VWS and WM)
66
Ceresit Plasters
67
VII
Ceresit Plasters
Ceresit CT 60, CT 63, CT 64 Acrylic Plasters
Ceresit CT 72, CT 73 Silicate Plasters
Ceresit CT 60 stone type plaster and rustic texture plasters Ceresit CT 63 and Ceresit CT 64. Acrylic plasters are produced based on acrylic resins with mineral fillers to provide a ready-to-use paste. The CT 60 plaster has a stone texture, which is obtained by using a plastic float go convey the appearance of dense grains. CT 60 is available with a grain size of 1.5 and 2.5 mm. CT 63 and CT 64 acrylic plasters have a rustic texture CT 63 is available with a grain size of 3.0 mm and CT 64 2.0 mm. Acrylic plasters are used in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS systems with foamed polystyrene boards as insulation material. They can also be used as a thin plaster layer on concrete substrates, traditional plasters, gypsum substrates and on chipboards, gypsum wallboards, etc. Before the surface should be primed with CT 16 priming paint. There is one exception: reinforced layers produced with Ceresit CT 87 do not need to be primed.
Acrylic plasters feature, among others, a high flexibility, very low absorbency, good adhesion to the surface and effective resistance to mechanical damage. The plaster structure is closed, which ensures effective protection against climatic influences. At the same time, it considerably limits the extent of dirt deposits on the facade. Acrylic plasters generate a hydrophobic coat which is permeable for water vapour. Facades coated with acrylic plasters can be cleaned by means of low-pressure cleaning devices. The addition of biocides ensures efficient and permanent protection against biological influences. During their useful life, the plasters can be renovated by coating them with CT 42/CT 44 acrylic paint or silicone paint CT 48. Acrylic plasters are available in 163 standard Ceresit colours and can also be tinted according to the customers individual wishes. To sum up, the main properties of acrylic plasters are: low water absorbency vapour permeability hydrophobicity flexibility, resistance to substrate deformation ready to use suitability for Ceresit Ceretherm VWS systems
Ceresit CT 72 stone texture plaster with a grain size of 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm and rustic texture plaster CT 73 with a grain size of 2.0 mm and 3.0 mm. Silicate plasters are based on liquid potassium glass with mineral fillers in the form to provide a ready-for-use paste. The main advantage of silicate plasters is their excellent water vapour permeability and high alkalinity combined with reduced absorbability. The high alkalinity of this plaster greatly improves its resistance to microorganisms. The addition of biocides ensure their efficient and permanent protection against biological influences. Owing to their mineral character, improved resistance to microbiological influences and high vapour permeability, they are recommended for use in buildings exposed to high moisture where a low diffusive resistance of the building envelope is required. Silicate plasters are used in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS systems with foamed polystyrene boards and in Ceresit Ceretherm WM systems with mineral wool boards. They can also be used as a thin plaster layer on concrete substrates, traditional plasters, gypsum substrates and on chipboards, gypsum wallboards, etc. Before applying silicate plasters, the surface should be primed with CT 15 silicate priming paint. Exception: reinforced layers produced with Ceresit CT 87 do not need to be primed.
During their useful life, the plasters can be renovated by coating them with CT 54 silicate paint or CT 48 silicone paint. Silicate plasters are available in 163 standard Ceresit colours and can also be tinted according to the customers individual wishes. To sum up, the main properties of silicate plasters are: very high vapour permeability hydrophobicity resistance to microorganisms dirt resistance weather resistance ready to use suitability for both Ceresit Ceretherm VWS and WM systems
68
Ceresit Plasters
69
VII
Ceresit Plasters
Ceresit CT 74, CT 75 Silicone Plasters
Ceresit CT 174, CT 175 Silicate-Silicone Plasters
Ceresit CT 74 stone texture plaster with a grain size of 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm and rustic texture plaster CT 75 with a grain size of 2.0 mm and 3.0 mm. Silicone plasters are based on silicone resins with mineral fillers that provide a ready-for-use paste. The main advantage of silicone plasters is their excellent vapour permeability and high hydrophobicity (very low water absorption). Silicone plasters ensure long colour durability and make the facade easier to clean and maintain. When the plaster is wet, water droplets form on its surface. This effect assures effective surface protection and reduces the adherence of atmoshperic pollutants to the facade surface. The addition of biocides ensures that the facade is effectively and permanently protected against biological impacts. Silicone plasters are used in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS systems with foamed polystyrene boards as insulation material. They can also be used as a thin plaster layer on concrete substrates, traditional plasters, gypsum substrates and on chipboards, gypsum wallboards, etc. Before applying silicone plasters, the surface should be primed with CT 16 priming paint. Exception: reinforced layers produced with Ceresit CT 87 do not need to be primed.
During their useful life, the plasters can be renovated by coating them with CT 48 silicone paint. Silicone plasters are available in 163 standard Ceresit colours and can also be tinted according to the customers individual wishes. To sum up, the main properties of silicone plasters are: good water vapour permeability high hydrophobicity long colour durability resistance to UV radiation weather resistance dirt resistance ready to use suitability for Ceresit Ceretherm VWS systems
Ceresit CT 174 stone texture plaster with a grain size of 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm and rustic texture plaster CT 175 with a grain size of 2.0 mm. Silicate-silicone plasters are based on silicone resins and potassium silicate with mineral fillers that provide a ready-to-use paste. The main advantages of silicate-silicone plasters are their excellent vapour permeability and high hydrophobicity (very low water absorption). Silicate-silicone plasters make the facade easy to clean and maintain. They are resistant to dirt buildup and UV radiation. The addition of biocides ensures their effective and permanent protection against biological influences. Silicate-silicone plasters are used in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS System with foamed polystyrene boards. They can also be used as a thin plaster layer on concrete substrates, traditional plasters, gypsum substrates and on chipboards, gypsum wallboards, etc. Before applying silicate-silicone plasters, the surface should be primed with CT 16 priming paint. Exception: reinforced layers produced with Ceresit CT 87 do not need to be primed.
During their useful life, the plasters can be renovated by coating them with CT 54 silicate paint or CT 48 silicone paint. Silicone-silicate plasters are available in 163 standard Ceresit colours and they can also be tinted according to the customers individual wishes. To sum up, the main properties of silicatesilicone plasters are: good water vapour permeability hydrophobicity good resistance to dirt resistance to UV radiation weather resistance conditions ready to use suitability for Ceresit Ceretherm VWS systems
70
Ceresit Plasters
71
VII
Ceresit Plasters
Ceresit CT 77 Mosaic Plaster
Colour recommendations for the use of Ceresit CT 15, CT 16 priming paints in conjunction with Ceresit CT 60, CT 63, CT 64 acrylic plasters, Ceresit CT 72, CT 73 silicate plasters, Ceresit CT 74, CT 75 silicone plasters and Ceresit CT 174, CT 175 silicate-silicone plasters. recommended for use on internal building walls that are subject to harsh service conditions, e.g. close to entrances, in corridors, on stairways. On external building walls, the use of CT 77 is recommended for surfaces that tend to quickly become dirty, e.g. on pedestals, balustrades, on window and door reveals. It can be used on traditional plasters, concrete substrates, gypsum substrates and on chipboards, gypsum wallboards, etc. It can also be used to a limited extent as a facade top plaster on scale as facade top plaster layers on pedestals and details in ETICS which make use of foamed polystyrene panels. Before applying mosaic plaster, the surface should be primed with CT 16 priming paint. Exception: reinforced layers produced with Ceresit CT 87 do not need to be primed.
This is ready-for-use acrylic plaster for producing a decoratively coloured top plaster coat. It is particularly resistant to atmospheric influences and to scouring and is very easy to keep clean. It is produced in numerous colour shades. Transparent resins are used here as binders and coloured quartz gravels or natural crushed marble aggregates as fillers (marked with M for plaster CT 77). Basically, Ceresit CT 77 plaster differs with respect to the type and size of aggregate used. The formulations also differ with respect to the selected binder whose function is to maintain the plasters good workability. The plaster has been designed for application and smoothing over with a metal float. After setting, a colourful top plaster coat is achieved which effectively bridges any existing surface scratches. The addition of biocides ensures that the plaster is effectively and permanently protected against biological impacts. Ceresit CT 77 mosaic plaster is particularly
Colour of the priming paint CF 2 FL 2 BL 2
Recommended plaster colour
lines: DAKOTA (DK), CALIFORNIA (CF) and colours: SAHARA SH 2, SH 3
lines: MONTANA (MT), BALI (BL), AMAZON (AM) and colours: TOSKANA TK 2, TK 3, TK 4, SAHARA SH 4 lines: LAGUNA (LG), PACIFIC (PC), BALTIC (BT), ATLANTIC (AT), ALASKA (AL) lines: ETNA (ET), SIBERIA (SI), TUNDRA (TD) and colours: SAVANNE SV 5, SV 6, SAHARA SH 5, SH 6, COLORADO CO 5, CO 6, TOSKANA TK 5, TK 6, ARIZONA AR 6 lines: NEVADA (NV), TEXAS (TX), AFRICA (AF), MADEIRA (MD) and colours: ARIZONA AR 2, AR 3, AR 4, AR 5, SAVANNE SV 4, COLORADO CO 2, CO 3, CO 4 lines: POLAR (PL), PROVENCE (PR), KASHMIR (KS) line FUJI (FJ) all colours marked with no. 1, in all colour lines
PC 2 SI 2
TX 2
PR 2 FJ 2 white
72
Ceresit Plasters
73
VII
Ceresit Plasters
line: FLORIDA (FL) and colours: SAVANNE SV 2, SV 3
Comparison of physical properties of Ceresit plasters
Vapour permeability
Water nonabsorbability
UV resistance
Dirt resistance
Resistance to microbiological contamination
Durability
Mineral plasters CT 35 CT 36 CT 137 Acrylic plasters CT 60 CT 63 CT 64 Silicate plasters CT 72 CT 73 Silicone plasters CT 74 CT 75 Silicatesilicone plasters CT 174 CT 175
+++ +++ +++
+ + +
+++ +++ +++
+ + +
++ ++ ++
+ ++ + ++ +++
+ + +
++ ++ ++
+ + +
++ ++ ++
++ ++ ++
++ ++ ++
+++ +++
++ ++
+++ +++
++ ++
+++ +++
++ ++
++ ++
+++ +++
+++ +++
+++ +++
++ ++
+++ +++
++ ++
+++ +++
++ ++
++ ++
++ ++
++ ++
74
Ceresit Plasters
75
VII
Ceresit Plasters
Ceresit mineral plasters Dry mixture containing mineral fillers, binders, pigments and modifying agents Base
Ceresit acrylic plasters Water dispersion of synthetic resins with mineral fillers and pigments Base
Ceresit silicate plasters Water dispersion of potassium silicates and acrylic synthetic resins with mineral fillers and pigments
Ceresit silicone plasters Water dispersion of silicone resins and acrylic resins with mineral fillers and pigments
Ceresit silicatesilicone plasters Water dispersion of potassium silicates and synthetic-silicone resins with mineral fillers and pigments CT 174 CT 174 CT 175
Selected technical and application parameters: Grain size [mm]: Texture: rustic stone mixed mosaic Consistency: powder ready-to-use paste Colour range: pastels + white white paintable variant 162 + white 38 colour compositions Application temperature: 0 to +20C** +5C to +25C +10C to +25C +5C to +25C (+9C to +25C)***
CT 35
CT 35
CT 36
CT 137
CT 137
CT 137
CT 60*
CT 60
CT 60*
CT 63
CT 64*
CT 77
Selected technical and application parameters: Grain size [mm]: Texture:
CT 72
CT 72
CT 73
CT 73
CT 74
CT 74
CT 75
CT 75
2.5
3.5
2.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
2.0
1.42.0
1.5
2.5
2.0
3.0
1.5
2.5
2.0
3.0
1.5
2.0
2.0
+ + + + + + + +
rustic stone mixed
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
mosaic Consistency:
+ + + + + + +
powder ready-to-use paste Colour range:
+ +
pastels + white white
+ + + + + + +
paintable variant
38 colour compositions Application temperature:
+ + + +
+ + +
+ + +
0 to +20C** +5C to +25C +10C to +25C +5C to +25C (+9C to +25C)***
* Winter version available ** Referring to winter versions of plaster Ceresit CT 60 and CT 64 *** Referring to pastel colours of plaster CT 35 and CT 137
76
Ceresit Plasters
77
VII
162 + white
Ceresit Plasters
Ceresit mineral plasters Selected technical and application parameters: Grain size [mm]: Assumed consumption [kg/m]: Packaging: 25 kg bag 20 kg bucket For use with Ceretherm Ceresit VWS systems (on styrofoam) For use with Ceretherm Ceresit WM systems (on mineral wool) Paintable with silicate paint Ceresit CT 54 Paintable with acrylic paint Ceresit CT 42, CT 44 Paintable with silicone paint Ceresit CT 48
Ceresit acrylic plasters
Ceresit silicate plasters Selected technical and application parameters: Grain size [mm]: Assumed consumption [kg/m]: Packaging:
Ceresit silicone plasters
Ceresit silicatesilicone plasters
CT 35
CT 35
CT 36
CT 137
CT 137
CT 60
CT 60
CT 63
CT 64
CT 177
CT 177
CT 77
CT 72
CT 72
CT 73
CT 73
CT 74
CT 74
CT 75
CT 75
CT 174
CT 174
CT 175
2.5 2.53.0
3.5 3.54.0
2.0 2.62.9
1.5 2.02.4
2.5 3.54.0
1.5 2.5
2.5 3.84.0
3.0 3.7
2.0 2.7
0.81.2 3.0
1.42.0 4.5
1.42.0 (4.5) [5.2]
1.5 2.12.5
2.5 3.84.0
2.0 2.52.7
3.0 3.53.8
1.5 2.12.5
2.5 3.84.0
2.0 2.52.7
3.0 3.53.8
1.5 2.5
2.0 3.53.9
2.0 2.7
+ + + + + + + +
25 kg bag 20 kg bucket For use with Ceretherm Ceresit VWS systems (on styrofoam) For use with Ceretherm Ceresit WM systems (on mineral wool) Paintable with silicate paint Ceresit CT 54
Paintable with acrylic paint Ceresit CT 42, CT 44 Paintable with silicone paint Ceresit CT 48
( ) CT 77 with quartz filler [ ] CT 77 with natural marble filler
recommended application possible application
78
Ceresit Plasters
79
VII
Ceresit Plasters
The characteristic features of paint coats are: Vapour permeability Usually determined by the resistance to water vapour permeation, equivalent to the thickness of the still air gap Sd [m]. Absorbency This is measured by the coefficient of capillary water absorption w24 [ kg/m2h12]. Mechanical resistance This is expressed by the number of cycles of wet scrubbing. The low diffusion resistance of facade paints allows the surface to dry and the water vapour to migrate unhindered from the interior of the building. This migration is caused by differences in the vapour pressure between the buildings interior and its surrounding area. The biggest differences occur in the winter period where the indoor temperature differs considerably from the outdoor temperature. Facade walls with a high diffusion prevent hinder the above described migration, thus causing the humidity trapped inside the walls to rise. As a result, the facade paint starts to flake off and peel frequently already after the first year of application, in most cases accompanied by damage to the surface layer. This is the result of a high vapour pressure in the porous surface structure, caused by a rapid temperature increase on the outer wall surface in the spring and summer period. At the same time, the facade coat should have the lowest possible absorbency to prevent wetting of the walls during heavy rainfall. Absorbent facade surfaces quickly become dirty and a breeding ground for microorganisms (such as algae or mosses). In addition, they are liable to be destroyed by aggressive substances (e.g. the so-called acid rain) and by frozen water due to the increase in volume. Other favourable features of a facade paint are easy cleaning and resistance to wear and tear.
Ceresit CT 42 Acrylic Paint
Ceresit Paints
Apart from ensuring an aesthetically pleasing appearance and a stable colour coat, the function of paints is also to protect the facade against environmental influences. First and foremost, the facade needs to be protected from absorbing atmospheric moisture in the form of rain and snow. On the other hand, a good facade paint also should allow the free outflow of water vapour, migrating through the internal walls to the outside of the building. Furthermore, the paint must meet mechanical requirements as for example resistance to scratching and scouring/ washing. Good surface adhesion, vapour permeability and low absorbency assure the long-term durability of the applied paint coat.
The durability of the colour is made possible by the paints low absorbency which has been combined with the high colour stability (thanks to low light sensitivity) of pigments, binders and fillers. Similar to plasters, the biological resistance of facade paints can be improved by reducing their absorbency and by adding suitable biocides to match the individual properties of the paint.
Ceresit CT 42 is a paint that is based on an acrylic dispersion and contains mineral fillers and pigments. It has been designed for the protection of facades and building interiors. It can be used to coat thin mineral, mineral-polymer (at least 7 days old) and acrylic plasters (at least 3 days old) which have been applied on traditional surfaces. It can also be used as a component of ETICS. The paint is suitable for use on concrete (at least 28 days old), cement plaster, limecement plaster, lime plaster (at least 14 days old) and also on old paint coats which have been properly prepared and have good adherence to the substate. Plasters, gypsum plasters and gypsum wallboards must be primed with Ceresit CT 17. Facades painted with CT 42 can be cleaned with low-pressure cleaning devices. The characteristic features of CT 42 acrylic paint include low absorbency, abrasion resistance, colour durability and resistance to alkalis. The addition of biocides ensures that the painted surfaces are effectively and permanently protected against biological impacts. Ceresit CT 42 acrylic paint is easy to use and can be applied by roller, brush or spraying. If the facade is to be protected against atmospheric influences, at least two paint coats must be applied. CT 42 paint is available in 163 Ceresit colours and can also be tinted according to the customers individual wishes.
80
Ceresit Paints
81
VIII
Ceresit Paints
Ceresit CT 44 Acrylic Paint
Ceresit CT 48 Silicone Paint
Ceresit CT 44 is a paint that is based on an acrylic dispersion and contains mineral fillers and pigments. It has been designed for the protection of facades that have been coated with thin mineral plasters, mineral-polymer plasters (at least 7 days old) and acrylic plasters (at least 3 days old). It can also be used as a component of ETICS or be applied on traditional surfaces. The paint is suitable for use on concrete surfaces and interior structures. It can be applied on concrete (at least 28 days old), cement plaster, limecement plaster, lime plaster (at least 14 days old) and also on old paint coats, which have been properly prepared and have good adherence to the substrate. Plasters, gypsum plasters and gypsum wallboards must be primed with Ceresit CT 17. Advantages of the CT 44 acrylic paint are its high flexibility, very low absorbency, abrasion resistance, colour durability and resistance to alkalis. The addition of biocides ensures that the painted surface is effectively and permanently protected against biological influences. This paint is a component of the concrete repair and protection system (the Ceresit PCC system). The main difference between the two acrylic paints is their coat structure. As the coating produced with CT 44 is tighter than that of CT 42, it is recommended for use with the concrete repair and protection system.
The coat structure makes the paint tight to CO2 diffusion, thus limiting to a large degree the process of concrete carbonatisation. Acrylic paints form a hydrophobic coat which is water vapour permeable. Facades painted with CT 44 can be cleaned with low-pressure cleaning devices. Ceresit CT 44 acrylic paint is easy to use and can be apllied by roller, brush or spraying. If the facade or concrete structure is to be protected against atmospheric influences, at least two coats should be applied. Ceresit CT 44 acrylic paint effectively protects painted surfaces against atmospheric impacts and aggressive substances contained in the air. At the same time, it provides the building with a modern and decorative appearance. CT 44 is available in 163 Ceresit colours and can also be tinted according to the customers individual wishes.
Ceresit CT 48 is a new generation paint with improved technical parameters. It is based on highly modified silicone and acrylic resins. It is recommended for application on thin mineral plaster, mineral-polymer plasters (at least 7 days old), acrylic plasters (at least 3 days old), silicate plasters, silicone-silicate plasters and silicone plasters (at least 3 days old). It can be applied on traditional surfaces or as a component of ETICS. The paint is suitable for use on concrete (at least 28 days old), cement plaster, lime-cement plaster, lime plaster (at least 7 days old) and also on old paint coats, which have been properly prepared and have good adherence to the substrate. Plasters, gypsum plasters and gypsum wallboards must be primed with Ceresit CT 17. Ceresit CT 48 combines the advantages of silicate and acrylic paints. The main advantages of the silicone paint are its excellent vapour permeability and low water absorption. The coat structure allows the quick evaporation of humidity from the surface while at the same time providing efficient protection against humidity from outside. Thanks to the special binder used in CT 48, water droplets form on the wet surface. This effect ensures efficient protection and reduces the adhesion of atmospheric pollutants to the facade surface.
CT 48 is particularly recommended for the preservation of historical momuments, for use on traditional renovation and aerated plasters, as well as on all types of surfaces where high demands must be fulfilled as to aesthetic appearance and durability of the coat. The addition of biocides ensures that the painted surface is effectively and permanently protected against biological impacts. Ceresit CT 48 paint is easy to use and can be applied by roller, brush or spraying. If the facade is to be protected against atmospheric conditions, at least two paint coats must be applied. A facade coated with Ceresit CT 48 silicone paint is protected against soiling, microorganic growth and the adverse impact of aggressive substances contained in the air. Colour durability, resistance to UV radiation and other features assure the long-lasting and aesthetic protection of the painted surface. CT 48 is available in 163 Ceresit colours, and can also be tinted according to the customers individual wishes.
82
Ceresit Paints
83
VIII
Ceresit Paints
Ceresit CT 54 Silicate Paint Comparison of the physical properties of Ceresit paints
Ceresit CT 54 paint has a binder of potassium liquid glass, modified by a dispersion of synthetic resins. Ceresit CT 54 is used for painting facades and interiors. IIt can be used (already 3 days after application) to paint thin mineral plasters, mineral-polymer plasters, silicate-silicone and silicate plasters applied on traditional surfaces or as a component of ETICS. Ceresit CT 54 is suitable for use on mineral substrates, such as concrete (at least 28 days old), cement plasters, cement-lime plasters and lime plasters (at least 14 days old). Plasters, gypsum plasters and gypsum wallboards must be primed with Ceresit CT 17. The main advantages of the silicate paint are its very good vapour permeability and excellent adhesion to mineral substrates, thanks to the chemical reaction with its components. Through the chemical reaction of the liquid potassium glass with carbon dioxide from the air, the paint forms a permanent bond with the surface. The resulting coat has a very good vapour permeability. It is in particular recommended for painting new plasters as it allows the quick start of painting work without needing to be afraid that the alkalinity of the freshly produced plaster might destroy the paint coat.
Water nonabsorbability UV resistance Dirt resistance Resistance to microbiological contamination Durability
+++
+++
++
+++
As it is non-flammable and has a very good vapour permeability, CT 54 is recommended for use in the Ceretherm WM system where mineral wool boards are used as insulation material. Ceresit CT 54 silicate paint is easy to use and can be applied by roller, brush or spraying. At least two coats have to be applied to ensure the facades protection against atmospheric influences. Ceresit CT 54 is available in 163 Ceresit colours and can also be tinted according to the customers individual wishes.
++ ++ ++
++ ++ ++
++ ++ +++
+++
++
++
++
++
+++
84
Ceresit Paints
85
VIII
+++
Ceresit Paints
The biological resistance of silicate paints is based on their chemical activity (high pH reaction) and reduced absorbency. The strong alkalinity provides Ceresit CT 54 paint with bactericidal properties which to a large extent prevent the growth of microorganisms on the paint coated surfaces. The mineral nature of the paint, its bactericidal properties and matt finish make CT 54 ideally suited for the application on historical monuments as well as on traditional, renovation and aerated plasters.
Acrylic paint CT 42 Vapour permeability
Acrylic paint CT 44
Silicate paint CT 54
Silicone paint CT 48
+++
+++
Insulation of buildings with Ceretherm Systems Step by step
Permitted unevenness of the finished insulation ETIC systems is the same as for external plasters of category III. These are the permissible values: Before starting insulation work on a building, it is essential to examine the technical condition of the substrate, i.e. the facade which is to be insulated. Special attention should be paid to a number of important parameters such as load capacity of the substrate, its humidity and unevenness. The strength of the substrate, which is measured by means of the pull-off method, should be amount at 0.08 Mpa. Another reliable method for determining the load capacity of the substrate is a test where styrofoam blocks are pulled off before start of insulation work. The insulation material is supposed to be the weakest element in an external thermal insulation composite system. For the purpose of the test, styrofoam blocks of 10 x 10 x 10 cm size are fixed to the substrate with an adhesive layer of less than 1 cm.
Deviation of the plaster surface from the plane and the edge of the straight line Deviation from the perpendicular surface and edges not larger than 3 mm and not more than 3 on the controlled rule 2 m not larger than 10 mm at the height of the floor and generally not more than 30 mm at the height of the whole building not larger than 3 mm per 1 m
Deviation of the crossing planes from the angle anticipated in the documentation
86
Insulation of Buildings with Ceretherm Systems
87
IX
Insulation of buildings with Ceretherm Systems
After 3 days, the blocks should be pulled off in their entire thickness. If the block breaks in any place (at the border line with the substrate or within the structure itself), the technical condition of the substrate needs to be improved. Usually, any external or concrete or brick wall (with ceramic elements, silicate or cellular concrete) that is at least 5 years old shows a stable amount of humidity which corresponds to the ambient air humidity. In such a situation, the installation of insulation materials has a beneficial impact on amount of humidity present in the wall and reduces the risk of corrosion. When insulating a newly built house or buildings subject to renovation, it is essential to strictly coordinate all processes involved. As a rule, insulation work can start if the following conditions are fulfilled: Roofing work, assembly or replacement of windows, insulation work and the substrates of balconies and terraces have been finished or commissioned. All adjacent surfaces which will not be insulated have been properly protected against damage. Visibly damp spots on the substrate have disappeared (any wet work carried out inside the building should be finished well in advance). All flashings and horizontal surface protection of cornices, attics and other structural elements have been finished to extract any rain water that might be present in the facade.
In the case of a largely uneven substrate, it is not always possible to make sure that the geometry of the facade is compatible with the requirements mentioned above. In such cases, it is imperative to level off the wall and produce an even surface. The Ceretherm insulation systems offer different options: they vary with respect to the insulation material, adhesive mortar and facade plaster applied. However, the underlying technology is similar and it covers the following steps: Preparatory work: collection of materials and equipment assembly of scaffolding disassembly of the existing flashings Preparation of the substrate: fixing the thermal insulation boards, assembly of new flashings application of the layer reinforced with glass fibre mesh application of facade plasters disassembly of scaffolding and cleaning the area around the building Insulation work is not complicated. However, it requires the use of adequate materials and precision. The sequence of steps will be presented on the following pages.
Evaluation of substrate geometry
Preparation of the substrate
Evaluation of the existing substrate
Cleaning the substrate
Smoothing the substrate
Priming the absorbent substrate
Before start of thermal insulation work it is necessary to check the quality of the existing substrate. It must be bearing, compact, dry and free from substances that may impair adhesion such as grease, bitumen and dust. The loadbearing strength of the substrate is tested with the pull-off method (the required pull-off strength of the substrate is 0.08 MPa). Alternatively, it can be tested by fixing styrofoam blocks of 10 x 10 cm size on the substrate with an adhesive layer of no more than 1 cm thickness. If the surface quality is adequate, the styrofoam block should break when pulling it off after 3 days.
Substrates with a high absorbency, e.g. walls made of aerated concrete bricks, should be primed with Ceresit CT 17 and left to dry for approx. 4 hours. The priming coat prevents the mortar, which is used for fixing the insulation boards, from drying too fast, thus allowing it to reach its complete strength.
Any unevenness up to 1 cm should be levelled to the thickness of the adhesive mortar. Larger depressions or irregularities of the surface (up to 2 cm) should be smoothened. Any protruding elements should be eliminated (provided they have a small surface) and cavities should be filled with mortar (applied in 2 layers). Any unevenness of more than 2 cm needs to be levelled by fixing insulation boards of different thickness (one should not decrease the thickness of the boards below the value calculated in the insulation project as a minimum thickness is indispensable for fulfilling the standard requirements of the buildings thermal insulation).
88
89
IX
The existing dirt and layers with low strength should be removed, either by blasting them off with a high-pressure jet of water or mechanically by scratching, chipping, polishing. Places where algae and moss have grown should be cleaned with a steel brush and then filled with a solution of Ceresit CT 99. The adhesion of the existing plaster should be checked by knocking the surface with a hammer. A hollow sound indicates that the plaster has separated from the wall and should therefore be removed.
Prior to the application of the system, it is necessary to check the evenness of the substrate. Depending on the level of evenness, an adequately safe and economical method has to be chosen not only for fixing the system, but also for producing a facade with a smooth insulated surface.
Fixing socle sections
Fixing socle sections on uneven substrate
In the internal and external corners of the building, special attention should be paid to precisely cut the section to size and adjust it to the socle. It is recommended to cut it in such a way that the batten is fixed without breaking its external vertical fragment. In this way, not only the continuity of the line, but also the bottom edge of the insulated facade is protected.
II
Installation of the insulation boards

For fixing styrofoam boards as part of the Ceretherm VWS Popular system, it is possible to use adhesive mortar Ceresit ZS (or mortar Ceresit ZU). The winter variant Ceresit CT 85 Winter is used for fixing styrofoam as part of the Ceretherm VWS Winter system. Ceresit CT 83 (or mortars Ceresit CT 85 or CT 87) should be used in Ceretherm VWS systems
Preparation of the adhesive mortar
Uneven substrates may cause deformation of the fixed sections. In order to avoid this problem, it is possible to use spacer washers.
8
Fixing socle sections on the building corners
The bottom insulation edge of the building is protected by metal sections. Their horizontal location (determined by a spirit level) is very helpful when installing the insulation boards over the entire surface of the wall. They are fixed with anchors (max. distance 50 cm) which are installed at least 30 cm above the ground.
90
91
IX
(Classic, Premium). Ceresit CT 85 mortar should be used in conjunction with the Ceretherm VWS Ceramic system. Ceresit CT 180 or Ceresit CT 190 mortar is used for fixing mineral wool boards (with no loose fibres on the surface) which form part of the Ceretherm WM Classic system. In case of Ceresit Ceretherm WM Premium the Ceresit CT 190 or CT 87 2 in 1 can be used. The content of the package should be poured into the measured amount of clean water and mixed with a drill and stirrer attachment. The ready-to-use mass should be homogeneous without lumps.
2
Initial application of the mortar on the mineral wool boards
Application of the mortar on the insulation boards
Preparation of polyurethane adhesive

A thin layer of the ready-mixed mass should be rubbed into the board surface, directly before application of the adhesive mortar, in order to increase the adhesion between the mineral wool and the adhesive. Ceresit CT 180, Ceresit CT 190 or Ceresit CT 87 2 in 1 should be applied depending on the system, using a long float with a smooth edge. This step can be skipped if the boards have already been primed during the production process.
The ready-to-use mortar should be applied with a trowel along the edges of the board, a stripe of 3-4 cm width and a few spots with a diameter of approx. 8 cm. In the case of smooth substrates it it is possible to use a toothed trowel (10-12 mm toothing). In case of large objects it is helpful to use special aggregates for machine application of adhesive mortars.
In Ceresit Ceretherm VWS Express System EPS insulation boards are fixed using Ceresit CT 84 Express PU- adhesive. Shake Ceresit CT 84 Express adhesive container vigorously about 20 times in order to stir the contents. Remove the valve protecting cover, set up the can with valve facing upwards and srew on the application gun.
92
93
IX
Application of PU-adhesive
Fixing the insulation boards around the windows
The end faces of the boards should be cleaned after fixing them to the substrate. Any excess adhesive remaining on the contours of the boards should be removed. This adhesive residue can cause thermal bridges and cracks in the facade cladding.
8
Fixing the boards in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS Express System using additional fixing elements.
Apply Ceresit CT 84 Express directly from the gun on the foamed polystyrene panel, on the perimeter of the panel, with about 2 cm distance from the edge. Then, apply one strip across the centre of the panel, parallel to its longer sides.
6
After application of the mortar, it is necessary to fix the board to the wall and press it home with some strokes of a long float. The boards should be tightly fixed, moving from the bottom to the top (starting with the socle batten), close to each other, in one plane to achieve vertical contact places. At the building corners, the boards must be fixed in a brick-like way. The bonded boards should be pressed down to the substrate by stroking their surfaces with a big stiff long float. This is done to ensure good distribution or flow of the adhesive under the board (at least 40 %) and to avoid any deformation of the boards end face. In case of Ceresit CT 84 Express the required pressing force is significantly lower.
94
95
IX
Fixing the insulation boards
The insulation boards should be installed in such a way that they do not touch each other at the edges of windows or other holes in the facade. This is meant to avoid cracks in the protection layer and plaster. In buildings undergoing thermal renovation, special care should be taken to insulate the door frames. It is frequently recommended to remove plasters from the door frames. Thus it is possible to seal the window and wall connection as well as to increase the insulation thickness without limiting the aesthetic appearance or function of the window.
Depeding on location Ceresit CT 340 additional fixing angles should be fixed before or instantly after gluing the boards. In order to fix a Ceresit 340 angle, remove protection paper from the adhesive strip on its larger foot. After the board is positioned (leveled, verticalised) insert a pin into one of holes in the Ceresit CT 340 angle to stabilise location of the panel. The next panel shall be put on the prominent part of the pin so that its edges are facing the edges of the panels installed. Such risk does not exist in case of Ceresit CT 84 Express PU-adhesive. Its flexibility and thermal insulability are similar to EPS. Excess adhesive after curring maybe cut away with a knife or ground with a rasp.
Fixing the boards vertical surfaces (e.g. above the window)
Fixing the boards horizontal surfaces (e.g. on the ceilings or under balconies)
Filling the gaps between insulation boards
96
97
IX
Cracks of more than 2 mm width should be filled with the material used for the insulation (e.g. styrofoam or mineral wool). If need be, it is permitted, to apply Ceresit CT 310 low expanding polyurethane foam.
10
11
Drilling holes for additional mechanical fasteners
arrangement of the fasteners is determined by the architect. The drilling tool must be suitable for the material of the bearing layer in order to combine maximum efficiency and safety when fixing the anchors. Make sure to avoid strong strokes when drilling into thin partition materials.
12
Smoothing the surface of the insulation boards
Additional fixing of the styrofoam boards with mechanical fasteners
As soon as the mortar used for fixing the insulation boards has set (after an average of 2-3 days), it is possible to start to cut off any protruding board edges on the corners of the building and grind the whole surface down with a special rubbing board or a long float covered with sand paper. Then any potential uneven board edges should be eliminated as well as their weathered elements. After that, any uneven board edges should be smoothed off and any weathered elements be removed. Finally, the board surface should be cleaned to remove any loose particles.
For fixing styrofoam boards it is possible to use plastic mechanical fasteners with plastic cores (Ceresit CT 325) or anchors with metal cores (Ceresit CT 330). For fixing mineral wool boards only fasteners with metal cores should be used (Ceresit CT 330). They are inserted into the drilled holes. The required fixing depth in the layer of the construction wall has been laid down in the Technical Approval for anchors (most frequently at least 5-6 cm with solid building materials and 8-9 cm with case of porous building materials). The type, number and
When styrofoam boards have been fixed with adhesive mortar Ceresit ZS, Ceresit CT 83 or mortar Ceresit CT 85 Winter, the boards should be additionally fixed with fasteners (more than 4 fasteners/m2 and two in the middle of each board). For the mortars Ceresit CT 85 and Ceresit ZU, fasteners are required if the substrate has a low strength, on paint coats, or when the wall has been insulated exceeding a height of 12 m.
98
99
IX
13
Additional fixing of mineral wool boards with mechanical fasteners
14
Additional fixing of mineral wool boards (lamella)
The strongest wind forces occur at the belts of approx. 2 m width along the edges of the building. There, the number of fasteners should be increased to at least 8 fasteners/m (with additional anchors on the edges of the board).
Second method
16
Milling holes for additional mechanical fasteners
First method
15
Fixing insulation materials with mechanical fasteners
In the case of facade mineral wool boards with a disturbed fibre layout, it is always necessary to use additional fasteners with metal cores (number of fasteners: more than 4 per m , two in the middle of each board).
It is recommended that the anchors should be fixed in such a way as to minimize the occurrence of thermal bridges. For this purpose, holes with a depth of 2 cm are ground into the board so as to provide support for the flange of the anchor disk. The space should be filled with a disk made of the respective insulation material.
100
101
IX
In the case of mineral wool boards with a laminar fibre structure (lamella), fasteners only need to be installed on substrates of low strength, on paint coats, or when the wall insulation exceeds a height of 12 m. In these cases, fasteners with metal cores of a larger diameter ( 14 cm) should be used.
17
Preparing the installation of the window sills
When the insulation boards have been fixed and their edges smoothened, it is necessary to prepare the space for the installation of the window sills as well as for the roller shutter boxes and other supplementary elements of window and door frames. The preparatory work helps to ensure the stable installation of these elements without risking a negative impact on the quality and duration of the insulation system. It is therefore necessary to shape the insulation boards in those places where window sills, their support and finishing elements will be installed.
III
Application of a reinforced layer
Grinding the surface of the insulation boards
Installing window sections
If the insulation boards have been fixed for more than 14 days before application of the reinforced layer, the boards can now be ground with a special rubbing board or a long float covered with sand paper to remove the weathered layer of the insulation.
Window sections should be installed along the edges where the insulation is in contact with the window or door frame. The function of these sections is to seal the contact points of the reinforced layer and plaster with the carpentry on the one hand, and on the other hand to ensure an aesthetically pleasing connection. The sections are fixed to the window frames by means of selfadhesive foam strips. These strips ensure that the connection is windtight and flexible. It is able to compensate any deformation caused by wind and temperature changes. Some of the window sections have an additional foil strip which protects the window or door from becoming dirty during the application of protection and finishing layers.
102
103
IX
Preparing the rendering mortar
Additional reinforcement at the corners of window and door openings
Protection of edges with corner sections
Protection of the expansion gap
All corners on the facades window and door frames need to be reinforced with strips of glass fibre mesh. The dimensions of these strips should not be smaller than 35 x 20 cm. The strips are fixed at an oblique angle to the frame, thus preventing slanting cracks to develop at the corners of the frame.
The edges of buildings as well as window and door frames should be protected with PVC, aluminium or stainless steel angle bars that are fixed with a suitable adhesive mortar. It is most comfortable to use angle bars with a factorymounted mesh strip. When installing such an angle bar at a corner, the required mesh overlap is automatically produced.
104
105
IX
For applying a thin reinforcement mesh on the fixed insulation boards, the following mortars should be used: Ceresit ZU mortar in the Ceretherm VWS Popular system, Ceresit CT 85 Winter in the Ceretherm VWS Winter system, Ceresit CT 87 mortar in the Ceretherm Premium systems. In other Ceretherm VWS systems, CT 85 mortar should be used whereas CT 190 mortar is used in Ceretherm WM systems (Classic and Ceramic). The content of the package is poured into the measured amount of clean water and carefully mixed by means of a drill with stirrer attachment.
The edges of the building and its window and door frames should be protected with PVC, aluminium or stainless steel angle bars which are fixed with a suitable adhesive mortar. It is most comfortable to use angle bars with a factorymounted mesh strip. When installing such an angle bar at a corner, the required mesh overlap is automatically produced.
7
a thin layer of CT 190 or CT 87 2 in 1 (depending on the system solution) mortar into the surface of the insulation board.
9
Filling the board surface
Additional reinforcement of the ground floor walls

In a second step, the previously cut mesh is placed into the fresh-mortar and pressed down with a long steel float. Afterwards, the mesh should be embedded in the middle of the mortar bed. It is necessary to overlap the mesh strips by approx. 10 cm. After the additional reinforcement has set, it is possible to start the application of the basic mesh layer. In a first step, a uniform mortar layer is applied with a long float (10 or 12 mm), proceeding from the top of the building, with a vertical belt width of approx. 1.1 m.
11
Additional fixing of the mesh with mechanical fasteners
In all the systems with the exception of both Ceretherm Ceramic systems an additional mesh layer should be fixed on the ground floor walls minimally up to a minimum height of 2 m from the ground. This will help increase the durability and resistance of the system against accidental impacts.
8
10
Fixing the mesh
Application of the first layer of adhesive
To improve the adhesion between mineral wool boards and the reinforced layer in the Ceretherm WM system, it is necessary to rub
In Ceretherm VWS Ceramic and Ceretherm WM Ceramic systems, it is necessary to provide additional support for the reinforced layer. For fixing the mesh (1st layer), it is necessary to use
106
107
IX
mechanical fasteners with metal cores. They are inserted into the drilled holes. The depth of insertion into the wall must meet the provisions laid down in the relevant Technical Approval (most frequently a minimum of 5-6 cm with solid materials, 8-9 cm with porous materials). The type, number and arrangement of the fasteners is determined by the architect. The drilling tool should be suitable for the material of the bearing layer in order to ensure optimum efficiency and safety when fixing the fasteners. Make sure to avoid strong strokes when drilling into thin partition materials. The reinforced layer on top of styrofoam boards and facade mineral wool boards should be additionally fixed with anchors (number: more than 8 fasteners/m and two in the middle of the board). Mechanical fixing of the mesh on lamella mineral wool boards (with the fibre direction perpendicular to the board surface) should be done by means of anchors with a flange diameter (min. 14 cm). 5 anchors per m should be used (1 for every vertical grout). The strongest wind forces occur at the approx. 2 m wide belts which are located along the edges of the building. There, the number of fasteners should be increased to more than 8 per m.
12
Filling the mesh
13
Instalation of an additional reinforcement layer
15
Removal of slight unevenness
The next day, the mesh-reinforced layer is not yet strong enough. It is, however, possible to polish off the signs left by the long float by means of sandpaper and to fill small cavities if necessary.
IV
Application of facade plaster

This chapter does not refer to the Ceretherm VWS Ceramic and Ceretherm WM Ceramic systems.
Priming for thin-layer plasters
Preparation of mineral plaster
After the first mesh layer has been mechanically fixed and set in Ceretherm VWS Ceramic and Ceretherm WM Ceramic systems, it is necessary to install an additional reinforced layer as described above.
14
Shaping the edges
In the next step, the freshly applied mesh, which has been immersed in the adhesive mortar layer, should be thoroughly smoothened with a long steel float.
The edges of the building and door frames are most easily shaped with a long angle float.
It is possible to start priming when the mesh reinforced layer is completely dry (usually after 3 days). Priming paint Ceresit CT 15 (substrates before the application of Ceresit silicate plasters) or Ceresit CT 16 (substrates before the application of all other Ceresit thin layer plasters) should be smoothly applied with a brush in one operation. Drying time of the paint is approx. 3 hours. Priming facilitates the application of plasters and increases their adhesion. For plasters with intensive colours it is recommended to use Ceresit CT 15 or CT 16 paints with a colour matching that of the plaster. This does not apply to Ceretherm (VWS and WM) Premium systems (due to the application of special white mortar Ceresit CT 87) and to Ceretherm (VWS and WM) Ceramic systems.
Mineral plasters used as part of the Ceretherm VWS and Ceretherm WM systems are available in powder form and should be prepared on the site. The content of the package is poured into the measured amount of clean, cool water and mixed using a drill with stirrer attachment.
108
109
IX
Preparation of rendering mass
Interruptions of work
Acrylic, silicate, silicone and silicate-silicone plasters used in the thermal insulation systems of Ceretherm are available in form of a readyto-use mass. It is therefore sufficient to just stir these plasters before use.
The thin-layer plaster is applied on the surface at the thickness of the grain, using a long steel float held at the required angle of application. The plaster surface is then smoothened with a long float to skim off any excess material. Plasters with a stone texture (Ceresit CT 60, CT 72, CT 74 and CT 174) can be applied by the means of special aggregates. Plasters applied by spraying do not require floating.
5
Combining plasters of different colours
Self-adhesive tape must be applied along a pre-defined line. Then the plaster is applied and floated. Afterwards, remove the tape together with the excess material. When the plaster has set, it is necessary to protect the edge with the tape and apply the differently coloured plaster in the same way.
110
111
IX
Application of a thin-layer plaster
Floating the thin-layer plaster
If the plaster applied to the substrate does not stick to the tool, it is necessary to float it. This is done by pressing a long plastic float flatly down to the surface and moving it until the required surface structure has been achieved. In the case of plasters with a rustic structure, it is possible to create vertical, horizontal or cicular lines formed by the material grains depending on the direction of float movement. Plasters with a stone structure convey the appearance of densely compacted aggregates grains. The structural mix plaster Ceresit CT 36 can be floated like other thin- layer plasters by Ceresit. The result is an interesting pattern that combines elements of stone with those of rustic plasters.
Closing the expansion gap
Painting mineral plasters
Interruptions of the work involve the risk of differences in the plaster that may later become visible after the plaster has set and dried. If work interruptions are necessary, they should be done in places where they are less visible (e.g. along the edges, facade curves, pipelines, cornices, window lines, etc.). Apply self-adhesive tape along a pre-defined line, apply the plaster and float it, then remove the tape together with the excess material. When the plaster has set, it is necessary to protect the edge with the tape and apply the plaster on another working field.
112
113
IX
When the plaster has dried and set, the expansion gap can be filled with a flexible material. This can either be done with a section or a flexible polyurethane sealant (Ceresit CS 29) with a round foam bead. In the second case, in the gaps on the depht equal to 6080% of its width one should have a round foam section inserted (diameter larger by 20% from the width of the gap) as an element ensuring the constant height of the grout. The board edges should be protected against pollution by fixing the paint strip on both sides of the gap. The polyurethane sealant Ceresit CS 29 can be applied with a manual or pneumatic gun. The gaps should be filled continuously (without any interruption of work) until no empty space is left. Within 5 minutes, the gaps to be filled should be sprayed with a soap water solution and then smoothened with a wet brush to remove any excess material. After that, the protection strips should be removed immediately. Both foam bead and sealant can be painted with Ceresit facade paints.
10
Application of mosaic plasters
Socles or plinths of the building that are liable to become dirty or get in contact with water are better covered with a mosaic plaster such as Ceresit CT 77. After priming the substrate with Ceresit CT 16, these plasters are applied and then smoothened with a long metal float.
The dried mineral plasters can be painted with Ceresit facade paints. The paint should be applied twice, either with a brush or a roller.
Application of ceramic tiles
This chapter mainly refers to the Ceresit Ceretherm VWS Ceramic system.
1
Preparation of the adhesive mortar
the expansion gaps should be designed by an architect). The tile edges should be protected from dirt by placing a paint strip on both sides of the gap. The polyurethane sealant Ceresit CS 29 can be applied either by a manual or a pneumatic gun. The gaps should be filled continuously (without any interruption of work) without leaving any empty spaces. Within 5 minutes, the gaps must be sprayed with a soap water solution and them smoothened with a wet brush to remove any excess material. After that, the protection strips must be immediately removed.
For fixing ceramic tiles it is necessary to use adhesive mortar Ceresit CM 17 or Ceresit CM 18. The content of the package is poured into the measured amount of clean water and then mixed, using a drill with stirrer attachment. The ready-touse mass must be homogeneous without lumps.
2
Application of the adhesive
The tiling work can be started as soon as the mesh-reinforced layer has dried (usually after 3-5 days). Adhesive mortars should be applied with a toothed trowel that is suitable for the selected tile size.
3
Ceramic tiles should be fixed using a combined method (buttering-floating). After spreading the adhesive on the substrate to be covered, each tile is covered on its rear with a thin layer of adhesive (approx. 1 mm). Facade tiles used in Ceretherm Ceramic systems should be placed with a minimum joint width of 6 mm. After the tiles have been placed and adjusted, special attention must be paid to remove any adhesive remains from the joints. Ceresit CE 43 flexible tile grout should be used for grouting ceramic tiles.
4
Filling the expansion gaps
Fixing the tiles

After the grout mortar has set and hardened it is possible to fill the thermal expansion gaps using the flexible polyurethane sealant (the layout of
114
115
IX
VI
Additional recommendations
Thermal insulation should be installed in dry conditions (no rainfall, relative air humidity below 80 %). It is recommended not to work on surfaces directly exposed to sunshine, and the layers should be protected against rainfall and strong wind. It is also recommendable to install a dense protection mesh along the scaffolding. The ambient temperature should be between +5 and + 25C. An exception are coloured mineral plasters which can be applied from a minimum temperature of +9C upwards. The distance between the insulation board surface and the scaffolding cannot make the floating of the plaster difficult. If thermal insulation work is done in mild winters, it is indispensable to protect the scaffolding. If there is a drop in temperature below 5C for the next three days forecasted, it is necessary to stop work with the winter variant of Ceresit mortar CT 85. If, however, a drop in temperature below +9C has been forecasted for 3 consecutive days, coloured mineral plasters should not be applied. Flashings should protrude by a minimum of 40 mm from the plaster end face and efficiently be protected from rainfall.
116
117
IX
While applying the plaster on one surface, work should not be interrupted and proceed on neighbouring scaffolding levels provided that the same amount of water is dosed. The natural fillers contained in the plaster may cause differences in the plaster appearance. Therefore, it is necessary to use only material with the same production batch number on one surface (the batch number is indicated on every package). After application, the plaster should be protected against rain (scaffolding protection) for at least 1 day colourful mineral plasters for at least 3 days. This applies to a temperature of +20C and relative air humidity of 60%. In less favourable conditions, slower setting of the plaster must be taken into account.
Sometimes, the ETICS thermal insulation technology makes use of materials from different manufacturers. This type of nonsystem solution may result in serious consequences. Building Research Institutes grant a Technical Approval to material systems after having carried out appropriate verification tests. However, the interaction of materials originating from various systems has not been tested! When it becomes known that special materials have been used for a solution that are not included in the system, this may lead to the rejection of potential complaints and loss of warranty. Before fixing thermal insulation boards, the substrates should be cleaned in order to remove dust, algae etc. whereas highly absorbent substrates should be cleaned. This procedure, however, is not always observed. The use of high-pressure cleaners is not common yet.
Failure to fill the casing gaps and sheet metal fittings with an acrylic sealant to prevent rainwater penetration underneath the thermal insulation boards. Failure to paste extra diagonal mesh patches on the corners of openings (e.g. windows) may result in diagonal cracks in these spots. The lack of additional mesh within a distance of up to 2 m from ground level is conducive to damage caused by accidental mechanical impacts. Inadequate thickness of the reinforced layer, or even worse, dry-fixed glass fibre mesh that means without a previously applied mortar bed weakens the protection properties of the insulation material and adversely affects the durability of the rendering layer. Inadequate number of plaster applicators when producing facade layers. The work should be organized in such a way that it can be simultaneously done on a minimum of 2 or 3 scaffold levels. This is the only way to effectively hide plaster joints. Prior to starting any plastering work, spots or areas should be indicated where plaster joints will not be too disturbing (by disrupting the uniform appearance of the facade), e.g. within the outlet of pipelines. When failing to provide protective scaffold shields, the plaster may be either washed off or discolored by rain. The shields are also required in sunny conditions as they reduce the drying speed of thin-layer materials and provide good protection for fresh plaster against dusty winds.
What are the most common mistakes in the application of ETICS?
Mortars are sometimes applied by using only the spot method. In addition to reducing the bonding strength, the unsupported board edges tend to bend, thus making it harder to properly perform the following work steps. Thermal insulation boards are sometimes pasted without strapping (especially on the building edges). In addition, the amount of reinforcing mesh applied to the facades is not sufficient.
These are the most common mistakes made when installing thermal insulation: Lack of information concerning the insulation of specific facade elements such as architectural details and flashings. Missing specification of the type and number of mechanical fasteners required per 1 m. On the one hand, this provides the building contractor with more freedom of action, but on the other hand increases the scope of his responsibility. Inaccurate documentation may cause a higher expenditure than originally planned. Unfortunately, individual buildings are most frequently insulated without any documentation whatsoever! The contractors do not pay enough attention to assessing the geometry of walls: their smoothness and vertical deviation. Thermal insulation provides an opportunity for straightening out a previously erected building by making use of system-based technology. This, however, requires the use of levelling mortars, plasters, a larger consumption of adhesive mortar and even deviations from the normally used materials, e.g. by increasing the thickness of the thermal insulation boards.
Failing to polish foamed polystyrene board offsets with high-grade sandpaper and to fill the board contacts/edges with mortar result in shadows visible when side-lighting the wall and stains on the finishing coating. Mechanical fasteners are improperly fixed. A fastener head that is sunk too deeply causes damage to the thermal insulation boards whereas a fastener that is set too shallow is not strong enough to hold the board in place. The resulting protrusion becomes visible and degrades the reinforced layer.
118
What are the most common errors?
119
What are the most common mistakes?
Substrate
Fault moisture below the system Reasons leaks in the ETICS or in flashing profiles Repair to seal the edges between e.g. window frames and ETICS, correction of the position and shape of the protection profiles recalculation of the hygrothermal condition of the existing wall, replacement (depending on calculation results) of the plaster or whole system with a lower Sd to analyse the location of substrate imperfections; additional, mechanical fixing with new mesh and plaster, or removal of the whole ETICS including nonload-bearing parts of the substrate, restoration of the substrate, application of a new ETICS Solution Ceresit acrylic silicone or silicone or CS 29 polyuretane sealant
Ceresit renovation systems for ETICS
too low vapour permeability of ETICS
Ceresit Konstruktor 3.7 calculation software; complete Ceretherm WM, VWS systems with silicate, silicone or mineral plasters
The technology of External Thermal Insulating Composite Systems (ETICS) has been used for more than 35 years. During that time, numerous residential, industrial and general-use buildings were thermally insulated using either this method or subjected to thermal insulation process. The vast majority of the earlier developed insulation systems are still functional today. Some of them are easily recognizable due to the passage of time. The problems concerning the technical shape and aesthetic appearance of facades equipped with ETIC type systems are caused by numerous factors. They result from mistakes that may have been made at an early stage of the systems life cycle: material design and manufacture, investment project, completion and operation. The faults that are visible either on facade surfaces or on the internal side of the facade
wall may originate from any system layer. Therefore, from an insulation system durability point of view, annual technical inspections are of utmost importance. They are required by all ETICS-concerned technical bodies as early detection and careful removal of the causes of these defects is, in the majority of cases, the least expensive method for ensuring the optimum performance of an insulation system. Presented below is an analysis of possible faults and resulting damage relating to ETIC system layers, including descriptions of causes and their removal methods based on Ceresit solutions.
delaminations, stratifications
too low (or even not tested) load-bearing capacity of the substrate
Ceretherem VWS; WM systems, CT 330 or CT 335 plugs; substrate preparation: CT 17, CT 29, CC 81 (as additive for repair mortars)
120
Renovation Systems for ETICS
121
XI
Fixing of the insulation boards

Fault destruction of the adhesive mortar Reasons too high loads during the adhesive setting process damage to fresh adhesive caused by frost or too high temperature insufficient adhesion surface too large unevenness of the substrate cannot be levelled off by the adhesive layer, insufficient adhesive amount incorrect water addition, working time of the adhesive was exceeded insufficient quality of the board surface (corrosion, dirt), wrong adhesive applied, adhesive applied only in spots/too few spots on the substrate, gaps filled with normal PU foam (pressure, postexpansion) functionless, ineffective mechanical fixing lack or insufficient number of wall anchors or insufficient quality of anchor seating; plugs become functionless when the adhesive has already stopped working! additional anchors, reinforcing layer and render CT 330 or CT 335 anchors, mortars CT 85/CT 87/ CT 190/CT 325 mesh, all Ceresit plasters Repair if no deformations are visible and the compressive strength of the adhesive is sufficient, install additional anchors and/or low-pressure PU foam, otherwise replace the whole system Solution anchors, Ceresit CT 84 Express PU-adhesive, complete Ceretherm VWS/ WM systems
Insulation layer
Fault exceeded humidity Reasons leaks in the ETICS or in flashing profiles Repair to seal the edges between e.g. window frames and ETICS, correction of the position and shape of the protection profiles recalculation of the hygrothermal condition of the existing wall, replacement (depending on calculation results) of the plaster or whole system with a lower Sd inject low-pressure PU foam into the gaps, additional mesh and plaster inject Ceresit CT 84 Express PU-adhesive underneath the boards Solution Ceresit acrylic silicone, CS 29 polyurethane sealant
too low vapour permeability of ETICS
Ceresit Konstruktor 3.7 calculation software complete Ceretherm WM, VWS systems with Ceresit silicate, silicone or mineral plasters
lack of adhesion between adhesive mortar and boards
gaps between boards
shrinkage of non-seasoned EPS
Ceresit CT 310 PU gunfoam or Ceresit CT 84 Express PU-adhesive Ceresit CT 84 Express PU-adhesive
wrongly glued boards (boards hang on anchors only)
122
123
XI
Reinforced layer
Fault lack of adhesion between boards and reinforced layer Reasons insufficient quality of the board surface (corrosion, dirt), wrong mortar application (through the mesh), too high Sd value of the render missing or insufficient overlaps of mesh missing armouring of critical details too thin layer of mortar wrong mesh overdosage of water, frost damage Repair in case of small local areas: inject a dispersion adhesive; in case of bigger local damage: replace the mesh and plaster Solution Ceresit CT 84 Express PU-adhesive
Plaster
Fault surface contamination Reasons pollution by air and rain Repair cleaning, depending on results impregnation or painting Solution CT 13 impregnation (for minerals), compatible with the existing rendering facade paints all Ceresit paints
structural contamination additional reinforcement and render CT 330 or CT 335 anchors, mortars CT 85/CT 87/ CT 190/CT 325 mesh, all Ceresit plasters and paints
gaps and cracks
pollution by air and rain combined with higher water absorption of the plaster humid environment, lack of UV radiation, wrong setting conditions
cleaning and painting
biological contamination
disinfection, mechanical removal of contaminations, repeated disinfection, painting (silicate) mechanical removal of efflorescence (hard brush), painting
CT 99, CT 54
stratifications
remove all destroyed materials, apply new reinforcement and render
mortars CT 85/CT 87/ CT 190/ CT 325 mesh, all Ceresit plasters and paints
efflorescence, discoloration
work interruptions, contaminated or too humid substrate, application in wrong conditions application on fresh primer/ adhesive
all Ceresit paints
blisters
removal of destroyed plaster, renewed application of primer and plaster cover with a highly flexible paint coat; in the case of mineral plasters: transparent impregnation
CT 15/CT 16, all Ceresit plasters, paints
spiders web, cracks
wrong setting conditions, overdosage of water
CT 13, CT 44 acrylic paint
gaps and cracks inacceptable surface appearance
always a result of the above-mentioned faults in deeper layers visible joints, too thin layer, number of applicators not sufficient for the area to be plastered on stone structured plasters: primer and plaster (CT 60/CT 72/CT 74 only) on rustic plasters: reinforcement, primer and any Ceresit plaster
124
125
XI
Paint
Fault surface contamination structural contamination Reasons pollution by air and rain Repair cleaning with water-jet devices Solution
pollution by air and rain combined with higher water absorption of the coating humid environment, by low UV radiation, wrong setting conditions
cleaning and painting
compatible with the rendering Ceresit facade paints CT 99 disinfection, CT 54 paint
biological contaminations
disinfection, mechanical removal of contaminations (ev. with paint), repeated disinfection, painting (Si) removal of destroyed coat, application of paint (Si, Sc)
blisters
too high Sd value of the paint coat compared to the substrate dust on substrate
CT 54, CT 48 paints
spiders web, cracks
wrong setting conditions, overdosage of water
cover with a highly flexible paint coat
CT 13 impregnation, CT 44 acrylic paint
126
127
XI
removal of the destroyed coat, application of paint (Si, Sc, Ac)
CT 42, CT 44, CT 48, CT 54
Additional anchoring of mineral wool boards with mechanical fixing elements

Width of building up to 8 m from 8 to 16 m over 16 m Edge belt 1.0 m 1.5 m 2.0 m

Additional anchoring of lamella boards with mechanical fixing elements

Ceretherm ETICS Specific technical solutions for architects and designers

Additional anchoring of styrofoam boards with mechanical fixing elements

Additional anchoring of reinforcement layer at the edges of window frames (door frames)
128
Ceretherm ETICS specific technical solutions
129
XII
Ceretherm ETICS detailed solutions
Bottom edge of thermal insulation systems

Ceresit mineral vertical insulation CR 65 or CR 166 Cement lime plaster Priming paint Ceresit CT 16 Mosaic plaster Ceresit CT 177, CT 77 Socle profile Anchor Ceresit adhesive mortar Thermal insulation Binary reinforcing mesh layer up to a min. height of 2 m above ground level Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster Basement ceiling
Thermal insulation of the buildings concave edge

Ceresit adhesive mortar Thermal insulation Metal corners with industrially glued mesh Glass fibre reinforcing mesh layer Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster
Thermal insulation of the buildings socle

Ground under a Ceresit bitumen vertical insulation Ceresit bitumen vertical insulation Ceresit CP 43 Extruded styrofoam Binary reinforcing mesh layer Priming paint Ceresit CT 16 Mosaic plaster Ceresit CT 177, CT 77 Ceresit Acryl Socle profile Anchor Ceresit adhesive Thermal insulation Binary reinforcing mesh layer up to a min. height of 2 m above ground level Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster Basement ceiling
Connection with styrofoam over underpass

Thermal insulation of the buildings convex edge

Connection with the balcony slab

Ceresit adhesive mortar Thermal insulation Metal corners with industrially glued mesh Glass fibre reinforcing mesh layer Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster Ceresit Acryl
130
131
XII
Connection with terrace flooring

Mineral insulation Ceresit CR 166 Ceresit adhesive mortar Thermal insulation Mortar reinforced with glass fibre mesh Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster Ceresit Acryl
Thermal insulation of window frames in the wall face

Mesh glued to the substrate Ceresit adhesive mortar Thermal insulation Metal corner with industrially glued mesh Glass fibre reinforcing mesh layer Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster Ceresit Acryl
Thermal insulation of wall with receding socle

Socle profile Socle profile fixing anchor Ceresit adhesive mortar Thermal insulation Mechanical fixing element Binary reinforcing mesh layer up to the height of min. 2 m over ground level Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster Basement ceiling
Thermal insulation of the wall crown

Ceresit adhesive mortar Thermal insulation Metal corner with industrially glued mesh Glass fibre reinforcing mesh layer Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster Ceresit Acryl
Thermal insulation of window frames

Ceresit adhesive mortar Thermal insulation Metal corner with industrially glued mesh Glass fibre reinforcing mesh layer Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster Ceresit Acryl
Thermal insulation of window head in wall face

Mesh glued to the substrate Ceresit adhesive mortar Thermal insulation Metal corner with industrially glued mesh Glass fibre reinforcing mesh layer Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster Ceresit Acryl
132
133
XII
Thermal insulation of wall under window

Ceresit adhesive mortar Thermal insulation Glass fibre reinforcing mesh layer Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster Ceresit Acryl
Connection with cornice of a bipartite roof floor

Thermal insulation of wall under window in wall face

Mesh glued to the substrate Ceresit adhesive mortar Thermal insulation Glass fibre reinforcing mesh layer Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster Ceresit Acryl
Thermal insulation of a wall above a hipped roof end

Connection with wooden roof eaves

Connection with air grate

Ceresit adhesive mortar Thermal insulation Metal corners with industrially glued mesh Glass fibre reinforcing mesh layer Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster Ceresit Acryl
134
135
XII
Expansion joints above 35 mm

Socle profile Anchor Ceresit adhesive mortar Thermal insulation Glass fibre reinforcing mesh layer Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster Sheet aluminium
Sealing of expansion joint corner by expansion tape bridging with polyurethane sealant
Expansion tape Ceresit adhesive mortar Thermal insulation Glass fibre reinforced mesh layer with Ceresit mortar Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster Polyurethane packing cord Polyurethane sealant Ceresit CS 29
Sealing of expansion joint by expansion tape bridging with polyurethane sealant

Expansion tape Ceresit adhesive mortar Thermal insulation Glass fibre reinforced mesh layer with Ceresit mortar Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster Polyurethane packing cord Polyurethane sealant Ceresit CS 29
Sealing of expansion joint corner by expansion tape bridging with expansion profile
Expansion tape Ceresit adhesive mortar Thermal insulation Glass fibre reinforced mesh layer with Ceresit mortar Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster Expansion profile
Sealing of expansion joint by expansion tape bridging with expansion profile

Expansion tape Ceresit adhesive mortar Thermal insulation Glass fibre reinforced mesh layer with Ceresit mortar Ceresit priming paint Ceresit facade plaster Expansion profile
Ceretherm VWS Ceramic on wall with receding socle

Socle profile Socle profile fixing anchor Ceresit CT 85 mortar EPS boards Fixing anchor Binary glass fibre reinforced mesh layer Ceresit CT 85 mortar Ceresit CM 17 tile adhesive Ceramic tiles Ceresit CE 43 tile grout Ceresit CS 29 PU sealant Basement ceiling
136
137
XII
CT 17 Deep-acting Primer
Properties: increases the surface strength of the substate the substrate absorbency level vapour permeable ready-to-use suitable for external and internal use Packaging: 2 l, 5 l and 10 l plastic canisters
Designed for priming highly absorbent substrates (e.g. gas concrete, autoclaved cellular concrete) prior to installing thermal insulation boards, stopping and painting. Reduces the substrate absorbency level and prevents fast drying of the adhesive mortar. Increases the surface strength of the substrate. Solvent-free.
CT 15 Priming Paint
Properties: easier plaster application improved adhesion to substrate waterproof ready-to-use available in several colors Packaging: 10 l plastic buckets
Ceresit Ceretherm Systems Product by product
Designed for priming substrates before application of thin-coat silicate plasters, finish and paint coats. Facilitates the application and texturing of silicate plasters, delays the drying process and improves the plaster-to-substrate adhesion. Provides a uniform substrate, prevents stain build-up on thin-coat and color plasters. Designed for brush applications on meshreinforced layers when insulating walls with Ceresit Ceretherm Systems and on traditional internal/external plasters. For priming substrates before application of the thin-coat plasters, we recommend using CT 15 in a colour matching that of the plaster.
CT 16 Priming Paint
Properties: easier plaster application improved adhesion to substrate waterproof ready-to-use available in several colors Packaging: 5 l and 10 l plastic buckets
Priming Products: Primers and Priming Paints
CT 14 Deep-acting Primer, solvent-based

Properties: weatherproof prevents dirt build-up surface-strengthening transparent UV-resistant Packaging: 5 l tin containers
An acrylic priming and sealing agent for absorbent substrates. It reduces the absorbency level and improves the surface durability of concrete, walls and plasters. Also suitable for sealing porous and absorbent building facade elements (concrete, traditional plaster and stone) and for impregnating chimney heads.
Designed for priming substrates before the application of mineral, acrylic, silicone and silicone-silicate thin-coat plasters, finishes and paint coats. Facilitates the application and texturing of plasters, delays the drying process and improves the plaster-to-substrate adhesion. Provides a uniform substrate, prevents stain build-up on thin-coat and coloured plasters. Designed for brush application on mesh-reinforced layers when insulating walls with Ceresit Ceretherm Systems and on traditional internal/external plasters. For priming the substrate under thin-coat plasters, we recommend using CT 16 in a colour similar to that of the plaster.
138
Ceresit Cereherm Systems Product by Product
139
XIII
Ceresit Cereherm Systems Product by product
CT 16 Winter Priming Paint

Properties: allows to continue the applications in lower temperatures down to 0C easier plaster application improved adhesion to substrate waterproof ready-to-use available in several colors Packaging: 5 l and 10 l plastic buckets
CT 85 VWS mortar
Properties: high adhesion to mineral substrates and foamed polystyrene vapour permeable weatherproof flexible reinforced with fibres scratch- and crackproof Packaging: 25 kg bags
II
Adhesive Mortars and Adhesive-Rendering Mortars

CT 83 Adhesive Mortar for Foamed Polystyrene Boards
Properties: high adhesion to mineral substrates and foamed polystyrene vapour permeable weatherproof flexible reinforced with fibres scratch- and crackproof Packaging: 25 kg bags
Designed for insulating the external walls of buildings in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS systems. Vapour permeable and flexible. Used for fixing foamed polystyrene boards and for applying a thin glass fibre mesh-reinforced layer.
Designed for insulating the external walls of buildings in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS systems. Vapour permeable and flexible. Used for fixing foamed polystyrene boards and for applying a thin glass fibre mesh-reinforced layer. The mortar can be used in winter conditions, i.e. when the ambient temperature is not lower than 0C during work and a max. temperature drop to -5 C is possible. Foamed polystyrene boards bonded with CT 85 Winter Mortar require additional fixing with mechanical fasteners. Economical in use, vapour permeable. The mortar ensures rapid improvement of durability.
Properties: suitable for use at low temperatures conditions high adhesion to mineral substrates and foamed polystyrene vapour permeable weatherproof reinforced with fibres scratch- and crackproof Packaging: 25 kg bags
CT 87 VWS/WM White Adhesive-Armouring Mortar 2 in 1

Properties: 2 in 1 no priming paint required highly efficient, low consumption flexible reinforced with fibres scratch- and crackproof fast system application exceptional workability parameters Packaging: 25 kg bags
CT 84 Express PU-adhesive for foamed polystyrene

Properties: easy dosing and convenient in use extremelly efficient enables fast progress of work high adhesion to mineral substrates and foamed polystyrene very good insulation properties enables managing of the works in low temperatures and high humidity low-pressure, stable dimentions, water resistant, CFC-free Packaging: 750 ml containers
Designed for fixing EPS insulation boards in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS Exress thermal insulation system. Very easy application, low consumption, very fast growth of connection strenght and wide range of application conditions. Used for fixing foamed polystyrene boards and for applying a thin glass fibre mesh-reinforced layer. Foamed polystyrene boards bonded with CT 84 Express require additional fixing with mechanical fasteners.
Designed for insulating the external walls of buildings in Ceresit Ceretherm Premium VWS and WM systems. Available in white color, vapour permeable and flexible. Used for fixing foamed polystyrene boards and mineral wool and for applying a thin glass fibre mesh-reinforced layer on the boards. Does not require priming before applying the thin-coat plaster, thanks to organic modifiers, which decrease the mortars absorbency, increase its flexibility and the adhesion of the applied plaster. Contains special light fillers, ensures more flexible consistency, easier mixing, application and spreading. The mortar accelerates and facilitates the application of insulation systems (1 or 2 days shorter) and reduces the system costs per square meter.
140
141
XIII
Designed for priming substrates before the application of mineral, acrylic, silicone and silicone-silicate thin-coat plasters, finishes and paint coats. Allows to continue the applications in lower temperatures down to 0C. After 8 hours from application this is resistant to frost -5C. Facilitates the application and texturing of plasters, delays the drying process and improves the plaster-to-substrate adhesion. Provides a uniform substrate, prevents stain build-up on thin-coat and coloured plasters. Designed for brush application on mesh-reinforced layers when insulating walls with Ceresit Ceretherm Systems and on traditional internal/external plasters. For priming the substrate under thincoat plasters, we recommend using CT 16 in a colour similar to that of the plaster.
Designed for insulating the external walls of buildings in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS systems. Vapour permeable and flexible. Used for fixing foamed polystyrene boards and for applying a thin glass fibre mesh-reinforced layer.
CT 85 VWS Mortar Winter Version
CT 180 Adhesive Mortar for mineral wool

Properties: high adhesion to mineral substrates and wool vapour permeable weatherproof flexible reinforced with fibres Packaging: 25 kg bags
III
Facade Plasters
Designed for fixing facade mineral wool boards in Ceresit Ceretherm WM Classic system. The mortar bounded boards require additional fixing with mechanical fasteners.
CT 35 Mineral Plaster Rustic Texture 2.5 or 3.5 mm Grain

Properties: available in several colours and variants for painting hydrophobic vapour permeable weatherproof Packaging: 25 kg bags
CT 190 WM Mortar
Properties: high adhesion to mineral substrates and wool vapour permeable weatherproof flexible reinforced with fibres Packaging: 25 kg bags
Designed for insulating the external walls of buildings in Ceresit Ceretherm WM systems. Vapour permeable and flexible. Used for fixing facade mineral wool boards and for applying a thin glass fibre mesh-reinforced layer on their surfaces.
CT 36 Structural Plaster Mixed Texture

Properties: mineral vapour permeable hydrophobic weatherproof available in white colour and variant for painting Packaging: 25 kg bags
ZS Adhesive Mortar
Packaging: 25 kg bags
CT 137 Mineral Plaster Stone Texture 1.5 or 2.5 mm Grain

Properties: available in several colours and variants for painting hydrophobic vapour permeable weatherproof Packaging: 25 kg bags
ZU Universal Mortar
Packaging: 25 kg bags
Designed for fixing foamed polystyrene and for applying a glass fibre reinforced layer in Ceresit Popular VWS systems.
Decorative thin-coat plaster available in two grain sizes. Conveys a stone texture upon floating. Can be used as a finishing coat in the thermal insulation systems Ceresit Ceretherm VWS with the use of foamed polystyrene or Ceresit Ceretherm WM with the use of facade mineral wool boards. Also suitable for use on traditional plasters, inside and outside of buildings. Available in an economical version for painting. Hydrophobic and vapour permeable at the same time.
142
143
XIII
Designed for fixing foamed polystyrene boards in Ceresit Popular VWS systems. The mortarbonded boards require additional fixing with mechanical fasteners.
Contains 2 mm grain. Depending on the direction of float movement, vertical or horizontal scratches can be produced due to the grain contained in the rustic plaster. When using the stone texture plaster, the spaces between the scratches appear as densely arranged aggregate grains. Can be used as a finishing coat in thermal insulation systems Ceresit Ceretherm VWS with the use of foamed polystyrene or Ceresit Ceretherm WM with the use of facade mineral wool boards. Also designed for the application on traditional plasters, inside and outside of buildings.
Decorative thin-coat plaster available in two grain sizes. Conveys a rustic texture upon floating. Can be used as a finishing coat in building insulation systems Ceresit Ceretherm VWS (with foamed polystyrene) or Ceresit Ceretherm WM (with mineral wool boards). Can also be applied on traditional plasters, inside and outside of buildings. Available also in an economical version for painting. Hydrophobic and vapour permeable at the same time.
CT 60 Acrylic Plaster Stone Texture 1.5 and 2.5 mm Grain

Properties: ready-to-use vapour permeable hydrophobic weatherproof Packaging: 20 kg plastic buckets
CT 64 Winter Acrylic Plaster Rustic Texture 2 mm Grain

Properties: allows to continue the applications in lower temperatures down to 0C ready-to-use vapour permeable hydrophobic weatherproof Packaging: 20 kg plastic buckets
Designed mainly for producing finishing coats in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS buildings insulation systems. Also suitable for application on traditional plasters, concrete/gypsum substrates, woodchip/gypsum boards, etc. Conveys a densely arranged aggregate grain stone texture upon floating. Suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Available in 163 standard Ceresit colours.
Designed mainly for producing finishing coats in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS Winter buildings insulation systems. Also suitable for application on traditional plasters, concrete. Allows to continue the application in lower temperatures down to 0C. After 8 hours of application its resistant frost to -5C. Conveys a rustic texture upon floating. Suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Available in 163 standard Ceresit colours.
CT 60 Winter Acrylic Plaster Stone Texture 1.5 and 2.5 mm Grain

9
CT 77 Mosaic Plaster 1.4 2.0 mm Grain

Properties: available in many colour compositions ready-to-use weatherproof scrubproof easy to clean Packaging: 20 kg plastic buckets
Packaging: 20 kg plastic buckets
Flexible and easy to clean plaster with scratchcovering ability. Suitable for indoor and outdoor use on walls exposed to high wear: at entrances, in hallways, stairwells, on platforms, window and door reveals. Can be applied and smoothened with metal floats. Sealing component: transparent resins. Filler: coloured grit. Produces a glassy, colourful coat upon setting. CT 77 can be used on concrete substrates, gypsum and traditional plasters, woodchip boards, etc.
CT 63 Acrylic Plaster Rustic Texture 3 mm Grain

10
CT 72 Silicate Plaster Stone Texture 1.5 and 2.5 mm Grain

Properties: ready-to-use highly vapour permeable hydrophobic weatherproof dirt-resistant Packaging: 20 kg plastic buckets
Designed mainly for producing finishing coats in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS buildings insulation systems. Also suitable for application on traditional plasters, concrete/gypsum substrates, woodchip/gypsum boards, etc. Conveys a rustic texture upon floating. Suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Available in 163 standard Ceresit colours.
Highly vapour permeable, hydrophobic. Designed mainly for producing finishing coats in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS and WM buildings insulation systems. Also suitable for application on traditional plasters, concrete/gypsum substrates, woodchip/gypsum boards, etc. Conveys a stone texture upon floating. Suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Available in 163 standard Ceresit colours.
CT 64 Acrylic Plaster Rustic Texture 2 mm Grain

Designed mainly for producing finishing coats in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS buildings insulation systems. Also suitable for application on traditional plasters, concrete/gypsum substrates, woodchip/gypsum boards, etc. Conveys a rustic texture upon floating. Suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Available in 163 standard Ceresit colours.
144
145
XIII
Designed mainly for producing finishing coats in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS Winter buildings insulation systems. Also suitable for application on traditional plasters, concrete. Allows to continue the application in lower temperatures down to 0C. After 8 hours of application its resistant frost to -5C. Conveys a densely arranged aggregate grain stone texture upon floating. Suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Available in 163 standard Ceresit colours.
Properties: allows to continue the applications in lower temperatures down to 0C ready-to-use vapour permeable hydrophobic weatherproof
11
CT 73 Silicate Plaster Rustic Texture 2.0 and 3.0 mm Grain

15
CT 175 Silicate-Silicone Plaster Rustic Texture 2.0 mm Grain

Properties: ready-to-use vapour permeable hydrophobic weatherproof and dirt-resistant Packaging: 20 kg plastic buckets
Highly vapour permeable, hydrophobic. Designed mainly for producing finishing coats in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS and WM buildings insulation systems. Also suitable for application on traditional plasters, concrete/gypsum substrates, woodchip/gypsum boards, etc. Conveys a rustic texture upon floating. Suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Available in 163 standard Ceresit colours.
Properties: ready-to-use highly vapour permeable hydrophobic weatherproof dirt-resistant Packaging: 20 kg plastic buckets
Designed for producing finishing coats in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS thermal insulation systems. Also suitable for application on traditional plasters, concrete/gypsum substrates, woodchip/gypsum boards, etc as a thin-coat plaster. Conveys a rustic texture upon floating. Suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Characterized by high vapour permeability and low water absorbency. Available in 163 standard Ceresit colours.
12
CT 74 Silicone Plaster Stone Texture 1.5 and 2.5mm Grain

Properties: ready-to-use vapour permeable highly hydrophobic highly weatherproof highly dirt-resistant Packaging: 20 kg plastic buckets
IV
Vapour permeable, highly hydrophobic and dirt-resistant. Designed mainly for producing finishing coats in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS buildings insulation systems. Also suitable for application on traditional plasters, concrete/ gypsum substrates, woodchip/gypsum boards, etc. Conveys a stone texture upon floating. Suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Available in 163 standard Ceresit colours.
Facade Paints
CT 42 Acrylic Paint
Properties: alkali-resistant weatherproof easy to use Packaging: 15 l plastic buckets
13
CT 75 Silicone Plaster Rustic Texture 2.0 and 3.0 mm Grain

Properties: ready-to-use vapour permeable highly hydrophobic highly weatherproof highly dirt-resistant Packaging: 20 kg plastic buckets
Vapour permeable, highly hydrophobic and dirt-resistant. Designed mainly for producing finishing coats in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS buildings insulation systems. Also suitable for application on traditional plasters, concrete/ gypsum substrates, woodchip/gypsum boards, etc. Conveys a rustic texture upon floating. Suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Available in 163 standard Ceresit colours.
Designed for protecting facades and building interiors. Ensures effective surface protection against the influence of weather conditions and aggressive airborne substances. Suitable for use on Ceresit CT 35, CT 36 and CT 137 mineral plasters and Ceresit CT 60, CT 63, CT 64 acrylic plasters applied on traditional substrates and included in Ceresit Ceretherm thermal insulation systems. Available in 163 standard Ceresit colours.
CT 44 Acrylic Paint
Properties: alkali-resistant low absorbency wear-resistant reduces concrete carbonatization process weatherproof and scrub-resistant easy to use Packaging: 15 l plastic buckets
14
CT 174 Silicate-Silicone Plaster Stone Texture 1.5 and 2.0 mm Grain

Properties: ready-to-use vapour permeable hydrophobic weatherproof and dirt-resistant Packaging: 20 kg plastic buckets
Designed for producing finishing coats in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS thermal insulation systems. Also suitable for application on traditional plasters, concrete/gypsum substrates, woodchip/gypsum boards, etc as a thin-coat plaster. Conveys a stone texture upon floating. Suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Characterized by high vapour permeability and low water absorbency. Available in 163 standard Ceresit colours.
Designed for protecting facades, concrete structures and building interiors. Ensures effective surface protection against the influence of weather conditions and aggressive airborne substances. Suitable for use on Ceresit CT 35, CT 36 and CT 137 mineral plasters and Ceresit CT 60, CT 63, CT 64 acrylic plasters applied on traditional substrates and included in Ceresit Ceretherm thermal insulation systems. Available in 163 standard Ceresit colours. The paint is part of the Ceresit PCC concrete structure repair and protection system. The paint coat provides a high degree of resistance to CO2 diffusion, thus greatly reducing the concrete carbonatization process. Available in 163 standard Ceresit colours.
146
147
XIII
CT 48 Silicone Paint
Properties: highly vapour permeable highly dirt-resistant UV-resistant weatherproof easy to use Packaging: 15 l plastic buckets
Impregnating Agents, Anti-Fungus Concentrates and Other Materials
CT 99 Anti-Fungus Agent
Properties: heavy metal free water-soluble dirt-resistant suitable for coating with paints and plasters vapour permeable available in concentrate and readyto-use variants Packaging: 1 l plastic containers 0,5 l pump spray
CT 54 Silicate Paint
Properties: highly vapour permeable weatherproof matt alkaline easy to use Packaging: 15 l plastic buckets
Designed for figthing fungi, mold, moss, lichen and algae growth on concrete substrates, plasters and paint coats. Effectively fights microorganisms and bacteria. For use prior to the installation of thermal insulation boards or plasters.
Matt, vapour permeable, hydrophobic paint designed for use on facades, in building interiors as well as on traditional plasters, brick walls, Ceresit CT 35, CT 36 and CT 137 mineral plasters, Ceresit CT 72, CT 73 silicate plasters and Ceresit CT 174, CT 175 siliconesilicate plasters applied on traditional substrates and included in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS and WM thermal insulation systems. Due to its alkaline reaction, mineral nature, bactericidal properties and matt appearance, CT 54 is highly recommended for use on new plasters, on historical monuments as well as on traditional, renovation and aerated plasters. Available in 163 standard Ceresit colours.
CT 29 Plaster Filler
Properties: vapour permeable weatherproof good adhesion reinforced with microfibres easy to use Packaging: 25 kg and 5 kg bags
Designed for leveling mineral substrates prior to thermal insulation board fixing/bonding and for repairing cement-gypsum plaster surfaces, filling the cavities and grooves on walls and ceilings. Also suitable for producing thin levelling and smoothing layers, the so-called finish trowelling on the existing plasters.
148
149
XIII
A new-generation paint featuring improved technical parameters. Designed for painting facades and building interiors. The paint coat ensures rapid moisture evaporation from the substrate, thus providing effective protection against outside dampness. The beading effect occurs upon wetting the paint coat, thus protecting the substrate and effectively reducing the concentration of atmospheric contamination on elevations. Highly recommended for use on historical monuments, on traditional, renovation and aerated plasters. Suitable for use on Ceresit CT 35, CT 36 and CT 137 mineral plasters, Ceresit CT 60, CT 63, CT 64 acrylic plasters, Ceresit CT 72, CT 73 silicate plasters, Ceresit CT 74, CT 75 silicone plasters and Ceresit CT 174, CT 175 silicone-silicate plasters applied on traditional substrates and included in Ceresit Ceretherm thermal insulation systems. Available in 163 standard Ceresit colours.
CT 13 Silicone Impregnating Agent for Facades

Properties: reduces the absorbency level alkali-resistant vapour permeable dirt-resistant deep penetration no surface gloss Packaging: 10 l plastic canisters
CT 13 Silicone Impregnating Agent for facades. Solvent-free, colourless, vapour permeable impregnating agent designed for protecting mineral plaster facades against the penetration of rainwater and aggressive airborne substances. Prevents efflorescence, damage caused by frost, dirt build-up as well as algae and moss growth on facades.
CS 29 Polyurethane Sealant
Properties: excellent adhesion to various (also wet) materials waterproof UV-resistant permanently flexible even at low temperatures can be painted resistant to sea water, mild acids, lime and various petroleum products Packaging: 300 ml metal cartridges
VI
Supplementary products
A single-component sealant designed for sealing and filling expansion gaps, scratches and cracks on construction facilities. Provides a weatherproof filling and ensures excellent adhesion to various materials. Waterproof, UVresistant and permanently flexible even at low temperatures.
CT 315 Foamed Polystyrene Thermal Insulation Boards
50 x 100 cm, 2-25 cm thick foamed polystyrene boards designed for use in Ceresit Ceretherm VWS systems, EN 13163:2004 compliant; classified as: EPS-EN13163-T2-L2-W2-S2-P3-BS112-CS(10)70-DS(N)2-DS(70,-)2-TR100 or EPS-EN13163-T2-L2-W2-S2-P4-BS125-CS(10)80-DS(N)2-DS(70,-)2-TR100; flammability class: min.E.
2 5
CT 320 Mineral Wool Thermal Insulation Boards
Ceresit Acryl
Properties: flexible strong adhesion waterproof for indoor and outdoor use can be painted Packaging: 280 ml plastic cartridges
Designed for filling joints, cracks and cavities in various types of walls, plasters and wood. Recommended for filling the gaps between casings and thermal insulation boards in a buildings thermal insulation system. Perfectly suitable for filling the connections between wooden, plastic, aluminum elements (casings, windowsills, slates) and walls or plasters.
60 x 120 cm, 5-15 cm thick mineral wool thermal insulation boards designed for use in Ceresit Ceretherm WM systems, EN 13162:2004 compliant, classified as: MW-EN13162-T5-CS(10)40-TR15-WS-DS(TH)-MU1; flammability class: A1.
20 x 120 cm, 5-20 cm thick lamella-type mineral wool thermal insulation boards designed for use in Ceresit Ceretherm WM systems, EN 13162:2004 compliant, classified as: MW-EN13162-T5-CS(10)40-TR15-WS-DS(TH)-MU1; flammability class: A1.
Ceresit CT 310 VWS PU gunfoam

Properties: ensures stable insulation parameters of the system 100% gap filing low-pressure Packaging: PU gunfoam, 750 ml
A one-component, low-compression highstability polyurethane foam designed for the fast fixing of casings and filling cavities, thermal and acoustic insulation system elements. Suitable for filling the gaps between thermal insulation boards in building thermal insulation systems.
CT 325 Fibreglass Thermal Insulation Mesh
Green, fibreglass-reinforced mesh available in 50-meter-long, 1-meter-wide rolls; resistant to alkaline environments, tear-proof and slip-proof; weight: 145 and 160 g/m; mesh size: 4.5 x 4.0 mm respectively.
150
151
XIII
CT 330 Mechanical Fasteners for Foamed Polystyrene
Notes
The fasteners are fitted with a plastic expanding mandrel and are designed for fixing foamed polystyrene to solid substrates (concrete, solid brick) and on porous substrates. Anchoring depth: min. 50 mm; fastener diameter: 8 mm, flange diameter: 60 mm. Available in sizes from 110 to 190 mm. The fasteners fixing depth in the load-bearing layer of the wall should comply with the Technical Approval (usually 5-6 cm for solid materials and 8-9 cm for porous materials). The type, number and positioning of the fasteners is to be determined by the architect.
CT 335 Mechanical Fasteners for Foamed Polystyrene and Mineral Wool
The fasteners are fitted with a metal expanding mandrel and insulated plastic head and are designed for fixing foamed polystyrene or mineral wool boards to solid substrates (concrete, solid brick) and on porous substrates. Anchoring depth: min. 50 mm; fastener diameter: 8 mm; flange diameter: 60 mm. Available in sizes from 110 to 190 mm. The fasteners fixing depth in the load-bearing layer of the wall should comply with the Technical Approval (usually 5-6 cm for solid materials and 8-9 cm for porous materials). The type, number and positioning of the fasteners is to be determined by the architect.
CT 340 Starting Profiles
The profiles are made of 200 cm long and 10, 15 or 20 cm wide galvanized steel sheet.
CT 340 PCV Edge Protectors with Embedded Mesh
Plastic PCV edge protectors with 10 x 10 x 250, 250 g/m embedded mesh.
152
Notes
Henkel KGaA Henkelstrasse 67 40191 Duesseldorf Germany www.ceresit.com
Build on professional solutions.

ETICS/BR/08.2006
Ceretherm SYSTEM We guarantee the Warmth External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems by Ceresit

Ceresit Thermal Insulation

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Ceresit Thermal Insulation

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Ceretherm SYSTEM

We guarantee the Warmth

28 34 52 78 84 112 114 122 132

About the Henkel Group

About the Henkel Group

About the Henkel Group

Ceresit Ceretherm ETICS

About the Henkel Group

About the Henkel Group

Why should buildings be thermally protected?

Why should buildings be thermally protected?

Why should buildings be thermally protected?

Why should buildings be thermally protected?

Why should buildings be thermally protected?

Why should buildings be thermally protected?

Why should buildings be thermally protected?

Alternative methods of thermal insulation

Why should buildings be thermally protected?

Why should buildings be thermally protected?

Why Ceresit Ceretherm Systems?

Why should buildings be thermally protected?

ETIC system tests carried out on a wall inside a climatic chamber.

watering and drying at high temperature (80 cycles),

to reach temp +20C

frost resistance (30 cycles with temperature differences +20 20C).

How is a buildings energy saving calculated?

Calculation of thermal insulation requirements

Calculations for thermal insulations

Calculation of thermal insulation requirements

Ceresit Konstruktor 3.7

Calculations for thermal insulations

Calculation of thermal insulation requirements

Calculations for thermal insulations

Calculation of thermal insulation requirements

Most important properties of foamed polystyrene

Selection of suitable insulation materials and systems

Foamed polystyrene or mineral wool?

Selection of suitable insulation materials and systems

Selection of suitable insulation materials and systems

Most important properties of mineral wool

Selection of suitable insulation materials and systems

Selection of suitable insulation materials and systems

Foamed polystyrene very good

Mineral wool good

not spreading fire limited

good depends on local regulations*

very good depends on local regulations**

mineral plaster, silicate plaster

Selection of suitable insulation materials and systems

Selection of suitable insulation materials and systems

Ceresit Ceretherm ETICS Ceretherm VWS Popular

4. Priming paint 5. Plaster

Ceresit Ceretherm ETICS

Ceresit Ceretherm ETICS

Ceretherm VWS Classic

Ceretherm VWS Classic

Ceresit Ceretherm ETICS

Ceresit Ceretherm ETICS

Ceretherm VWS Classic Winter

Ceretherm VWS Classic Winter

4. Priming paint 5. Plaster

* Soon available as part of the standard range.

Ceresit Ceretherm ETICS

Ceresit Ceretherm ETICS