Soalan 3 Stages in neurotransmission at the synapse (chemical) 1. Synthesis of the neurotransmitter.

Boleh berlaku dalam sel, dalam axon, atau dalam terminal axon 2. Simpanan neurotransmitter adalah storage granules or di dalam terminal axon. 3. Calcium memasuki axon terminal semasa action potential menyebabkan pelepasan neurotransmitter ke dalam synaptic cleft. 4. Selepas ia dibebaskan, transmitter melekat dan mengaktifkan receptor dalam postsynaptic membrane. 5. Penyahaktifan neurotransmitter. Neurotransmitter sama ada musnah secara enzimik atau diambil kembali dari mana ia datang, ia boleh digunakan semula, atau dibuang.

Term
Bell's Palsy

Definition

Cause

Effect
Paralysis of the facial nerve; weakness of the muscles of one side of the face; may result in inability to close the eye. (In some cases the patient's hearing may also be affected in such a way that sounds seem to him/her to be abnormally loud. Loss of taste sensation may also occur.)

A form of Neuritis that Unknown. involves paralysis of the (Recovery may occur facial nerve causing spontaneously.) weakness of the muscles of one side of the face and an inability to close the eye.

Cerebal Palsy

A nonprogressive disorder of movement resulting from damage to the brain before, during, or immediately after birth.

Cerebal Palsy is attributed to damage to the brain, generally occuring before, during, or immediately after birth.

The most common disability is a spastic paralysis. Sensation is often affected, leading to a lack of balance, and intelligence, posture and It is often associated with speech are frequently other neurological and impaired. Contractures of mental problems.There are many causes including the limbs may cause fixed abnormalities. birth injury, hypoxia, Other associated features hypoglycaemia, jaundice include epilepsy, visual and infection. impairment, squint, reduced hearing, and behavioural problems. Some forms of Motor Neurone Disease are inherited. Motor Neurone disease primarily affects the cells of the anterior horn of the spinal cord, the motor nuclei in the brainstem, and the corticospinal fibres. Multiple Scerosis affects different parts of the brain and spinal cord, resulting in typically scattered symptoms. These can include:
Unsteady gait and shaky movement of the limbs (ataxia); Rapid involuntary movements of the eyes (nystagmus); Defects in speech pronunciation (dysarthria); Spastic weakness and retrobulbar neuritis (= inflammation of the optic

Motor Neurone Disease

A progressive degenerative disease of the motor system occurring in middle age and causing muscle weakness and wasting. A chronic disease of the nervous system that can affect young and middleaged adults. The course of this illness usually involves recurrent relapses followed by remissions, but some patients experience a chronic progressive course.

Multiple Sclerosis

The myelin sheaths surrounding nerves in the brain and spinal cord are damaged, which affects the function of the nerves involved. The underlying cause of the nerve damage remains unknown.

nerve).

Myalgic A condition characterized Encephalomyelitis by extreme (ME) disabling fatigue that has lasted for at least six months, is made worse by physical or mental exertion, does not resolve with bed rest, and cannot be attributed to other disorders.

Unknown. Often occurs as a sequel to such viral infections as glandular fever.

Extreme disabling fatigue that has lasted for at least six months, is made worse by physical or mental exertion, does not resolve with bed rest, and cannot be attributed to other disorders. The fatigue is accompanied by at least some of the following:
Muscle pain or weakness; Poor co-ordination; Joint pain; Sore throat; Slight fever; Painful lymph nodes in the neck and armpits; Depression; Inability to concentrate; General malaise.

Neuralgia

Maybe due to previous attack of shingles (Postherpetic Neuralgia). A disease of the peripheral nerves showing the pathological changes of inflammation. (This term may also be less precisely used to refer to anydisease of the peripheral nerves, usually causing weakness and numbness.) Degenerative disease process (associated with aging) that affects the basal ganglia of the brain. Associated with a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Also associated with aging.

A severe burning or stabbing pain often following the course of a nerve. Inflammation of the nerves, which may be painful.

Neuritis

Parkinson's Disease

Tremor, rigidity and poverty of spontaneous movements. The commonest symptom is tremor, which often affects one hand, spreading first to the leg on the same side then to the other limbs. It is most profound in resting limbs, interfering with such

actions as holding a cup. The patient has an expressionless face, an unmodulated voice, an increasing tendency to stoop, and a shuffling walk. Sciatica A common condition arising from compression of, or damage to, a nerve or nerve root. Usually caused by degeneration of an intervertebral disc, which protrudes laterally to compress a lower lumbar or an upper sacral spinal nerve root.The onset may be sudden, brought on by an awkward lifting or twisting movement. Pain felt down the back and outer side of the thigh, leg, and foot. The back is stiff and painful. There may be numbness and weakness in the leg.