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00 Aerodynamics Lecture
Prof. Annalisa L. Weigel 10 February 2004
Lecture outline
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Motivation Lift
Balloons buoyancy and Archimedes Airplanes airfoils and Bernoulli
Drag
Profile drag Induced drag
10 February 2004
What is Aerodynamics?
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A branch of dynamics that deals with the motion of air and other gaseous fluids, and with the forces acting on bodies in motion relative to such fluids Websters Dictionary
10 February 2004
Lets discuss
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10 February 2004
Aerodynamics matters
Source: Lexus
Source: Boeing
Source: lancearmstrong.com
10 February 2004
Net force
Fnet = rgV
Static equilibrium
mpayload = (r rint)V
10 February 2004
Ballooning on Mars?
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We want to design a balloon to carry a 2kg payload on Mars. What gas should we use in the balloon, and how big does the balloon have to be? Helpful links:
http://www.members.axion.net/~enrique/densi ty.html http://www.flyers.org/simulators/atmospheric.h tm
10 February 2004
Airfoil terminology
10 February 2004
Aspect ratio
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For a table of aspects ratios for different vehicles, check out http://www.aerodyn.org/Wings/artables.html
16.00 Aerodynamics Lecture 9
10 February 2004
Source: NASA
Source: Boeing
10 February 2004
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FoilSim
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10 February 2004
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Lift and drag are mechanical forces generated on the surface of an object as it interacts with a fluid
10 February 2004
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What is lift?
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10 February 2004
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What is drag?
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Aerodynamic force that opposes an aircrafts motion through the air, caused by interaction and contact of a solid body with a fluid Aerodynamic friction Aerodynamic resistance to motion Depends on wing shape, angle of attack, effects of air viscosity and compressibility
16.00 Aerodynamics Lecture 16
10 February 2004
Profile drag
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Related to viscous effects of flow over lifting surface Also called form drag due to separation of boundary layer around the objects form
10 February 2004
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Dimples = greater skin friction drag = greater distance to separation of flow = lower profile drag
Source: Newman, Dava J., Interactive Aerospace Engineering and Design
10 February 2004
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Induced drag
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Arises from 3-dimensional effects of a wing caused by downwash velocity near wing tip Vortices create a downward velocity component at the wing Non-dimensional coefficient of induced drag:
CDI = CL2 / eAR
10 February 2004
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Induced drag
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Total drag
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Class exercise
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You and your partner are Senior Aerodynamics Consultants at BlueSky Enterprises. Your clients have challenged you to apply your extensive aerodynamics expertise to design an innovation for an existing product or service of your choosing. They want your answer in 10 minutes. Prepare a 1-minute pitch on your product innovation to present to the clients. Caveat: You cant pick any of the aerodynamics application areas we discussed earlier! Be creative.
16.00 Aerodynamics Lecture 22
10 February 2004
Effects of camber
Lift Curve Drag Polar Curve
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