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STRUCTURAL STEEL
SteelSmart
T O D A YS S T E E L: WE MEAN BUSINESS
Increasing Speed and Reducing Costs Improving Quality and Enhancing Occupant Satisfaction
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use of capital.
Structural steel is the framing system of choice for multi-story residential buildings. The shift to steel will speed up the construction and lower the overall costs of even the most elaborate structures. This translates into faster cash flow and reduced financing feesresulting in a far more efficient
For buildings that require low floor-to-floor heights, steel exceeds requirements and expectations. These proven framing systems provide columnfree space at lobby levels in hotels, apartments, condominiums and senior residences. In addition, they offer maximum flexibility to accommodate different layout requirements, such as when recessed lighting or other custom condominium details are required.
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The engineers decided to ignore everything that was known about typical residential construction in New York City in favor of the staggered truss system.
Aine M. Brazil, P.E. Managing Principal Thornton-Tomasetti Engineers New York, NY
The 14-story Embassy Suites Hotel was part of an extensive mixed-use project in New York City. It originally was conceived as a cast-in-place concrete system a design that proved to be excessively expensive. The innovative Staggered Truss Steel Framing System was chosen because it offers virtually all the advantages of flat-slab concrete construction at a significantly lower cost. Also, it allowed the hotel to meet its 8-9 floor-to-floor height requirements. The lighter weight steel frame also contributed to significant cost savings on the pile foundation system.
Precast Plank Vierendeel Openings for Corridors The staggered truss system consists of a storyhigh truss that spans the entire width of the building. The trusses alternate from floor to floor with the long axis of one truss mid-span between the trusses on the floors immediately above and below. The system works in harmony with precast plank that provides a smooth floor and ceiling while achieving the desired low floor-to-floor height. The composite truss and plank system provides a safe and efficient structural system that resists both gravity and lateral loads. 2
Story-High Truss
The Staggered Truss Steel Framing System Provided Four Key Benefits: Significant Cost Savings Due to the Lighter Frame and Fewer Foundations Achieved the Desired Low Floor-To-Floor Heights Realized Semi-Finished Floor and Ceiling in One Operation Provided More Column-Free Open Space at Building Base
Project: Embassy Suites Hotel Location: New York, NY Owner/Developer: Forest City Ratner Companies Architect: Perkins Eastman Architects, P.C.
Structural Engineer: Thornton-Tomasetti Engineers Construction Manager: Bovis Lend Lease Fabricator: Helmark Steel
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Not only did the project prove that structural steel can be used effectively in multifamily residential construction, but it provided an economical low floor-to-floor height building that was built quickly under cold weather conditions.
Peter A. Naccarato, P.E. Principal ODonnell & Naccarato, Inc. Philadelphia, PA
Drexel University found itself in a precarious position. The prestigious Philadelphia institution had a set of plans for a new dormitory building, and less than a year in which to implement them. The challenge was to find a construction system that would guarantee completion of the dormitory by the appointed opening date. The original plans called for a structural scheme consisting of precast hollow core slabs supported by masonry-bearing walls. Since a pile foundation had to be installed first, this would severely hamper the scheduled construction of masonry-bearing wall system. Because the superstructure, as designed, could not be built within the allotted time frame, the University solicited proposals on alternative systems. After review, the Girder-Slab Structural Steel Framing System was selected for its ability to be constructed with speed and economy.
Above: Installation of Precast Plank. Right: Drexel University Dormitory under Construction.
The Girder-Slab Steel Framing System Provided Five Key Benefits: Economical Steel and Plank Design for Low Floor-to-Floor Height Buildings
8" Grout
Quality Plank Provided Floor and Ceiling in One Operation Frame Erected Through Freezing Temperatures in 31 Days Lighter Steel Frame Resulted in Fewer Pile Foundations UL K 912 Provided a Low-Cost, 2-Hour Fire Rating
T.O. Slab
D-Beam
Girder-slab is a steel and precast plank design that is a practical alternative to the plank and bearing wall system. This steel framing system involves placing the interior structural steel girder within the plane of the precast plank. One of its primary benefits is that it accommodates low floor-tofloor height requirements while avoiding MEP interference problems. It is also a competitive alternative to cast-in-place flat plate concrete. In fact, because recent seismic code revisions increased lateral loads, the bearing wall type of construction is no longer considered economical.
Project: Drexel University Dormitory Location: Philadelphia, PA Owner/Developer: Drexel University Architect: BHKR Associates Structural Engineer: ODonnell & Naccarato General Contractor: P. Agnes Construction Company Fabricator: Fisher Steel, Inc.
The entire building foundation and superstructure was constructed in approximately 12 months.
Christopher P. Milano, P.E. McNamara/Salvia, Inc. Boston, MA
Project: Trinity Place Residential Tower Location: Boston, MA Owner: Raymond Property Company Architect: Childs Bertman Tseckares (CBT) Structural Engineer: McNamara/Salvia, Inc. General Contractor: Turner Construction Company Fabricator: Cives Steel Company
Trinity Place was one of the first multistory residential projects to be built in Boston in the past 10 years. However, the location chosen for the project was not without its challenges. The luxury condominium tower was situated in a crowded area on a very compact site. It was an ideal opportunity for steel to show its strength.
The use of 16-gauge steel deck eliminated the need for temporary shoring during concrete placement. The overall framing design accelerated the erection, decking, detailing and concrete slab placement. Additionally, the reduction in the number of floor beams kept overall steel weight, fabrication and erection costs to a minimum.
This in-wall beam system was designed with structural steel framing on a 14 x 28 grid. It has a 3 x 16-gauge composite metal deck spanning the full 14. This feature kept the number of floor beams to a minimum. In addition, it allowed for higher ceilings while keeping the overall building height at a minimum. The typical floor-to-floor height was 10-4 with a ceiling height of 8-10 between the floor beams.
Steel Beam Hidden in Interior Wall
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Certain techniques, applied to structural steel framing systems to achieve the benefits of low floor-to-floor heights, can make structural steel costs competitive with concrete.
Minhaj Kirmani, PhD, P.E. Weidlinger Associates, Inc. Cambridge, MA
The proximity of the 18-story Seaport Hotel in Boston to nearby Logan Airport posed a significant challenge. Because of FAA-imposed zoning regulations and height restrictions on the building, the hotels developers wanted to achieve the maximum number of guest rooms within the budget limit. Accordingly, the design and construction team sought to maximize the number of floors and minimize the floor-to-floor height without diminishing the picturesque view for hotel guests.
This In-Wall Beam Structural Steel Framing System Provided Three Key Benefits: Better Overall Economy with Low Floor-to-Floor Heights More Open Ballroom Space at Public Levels with Long-Span Transfer Girders Faster Construction Saved Time and Reduced Costs
In addition, passing utilities through beam web penetrations helped reduce the overall depth of construction. To further accelerate the building process, the project team used a technique known as up-up construction. Heavy, unbraced 35-long columns extended from the three-level, belowgrade parking structure up through the ground floor structural steel framing. This allowed the above-grade construction to continue at the same time that the below-grade parking garage was being completed, reducing the construction schedule significantly.
Guest Room
Floor Level
Project: Seaport Hotel Location: Boston, MA Owner: Pembroke Real Estate, Inc. Architect: The Stubbins Associates Structural Engineer: Weidlinger Associates, Inc. General Contractor: AMEC (formerly Morse-Diesel) Fabricator: Cives Steel Company
This structural system used wide flange beams located within the demising walls between the hotel rooms, with only a composite slab and the deck spanning between beams. This permitted the framing system to achieve a floor-to-floor height of 9-0 with an 8-6 ceiling height on the upper room levels. Typical floor construction consists of 5-1/2 composite slab on metal deck. The slab spans the full width of a room between floor beams centered on the guest room partition walls. The ceiling within the guest rooms is supported against the underside of the deck to achieve an 8-6 floor-to-ceiling height.
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The cost of the structural steel system was very competitive in price and allowed us to keep the condominium costs down and pass along the savings to our home buyers.
Thomas Roszak Roszak/ADC Evanston, IL
Chicago Avenue Place, a new multistory luxury condominium in suburban Chicago, benefited from the use of a Beam & Open Web Joist Structural Steel Framing System. This system provided cost-effectiveness for the design and development team, and flexibility for the owners. It allowed for larger, free-flowing expanses of space and a notable reduction in the transmission of sound between units as well. Such attributes are highly desirableif not mandatoryamong discriminating condominium owners.
This Beam & Open Web Joist Structural Steel Framing System Provided Five Key Benefits: Faster Construction Flexibility to Customize Floor Plan with Large Steel Grid and Non-Load-Bearing Walls Superior Sound Attenuation Space to Install Recessed Lighting and Other Custom Details Provided Space for MEP Systems, while Reducing Floor-to-Floor Heights
This beam & joist framing system utilized steel beams, columns, metal joists and metal decking. The structural grid is based on the parking layout of the basement and first floor levels. This structural grid continues on the upper levels to the condominiums.
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Additionally, the joist structure and gypsum board enclosure allowed for installation of recessed lighting and other custom condominium features.
Structural Engineer: Samartano & Co. General Contractor: Roszak/ADC Fabricator: Rockford Ornamental Iron
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We wanted to take advantage of the typically faster construction with structural steel and make it work for a hotel project. We were able to achieve this by combining the best features of structural steel with a precast, prestressed floor system.
Gary Chock, P.E. Martin & Chock, Inc. Honolulu, HI
The 24-story Hilton Hawaiian Village Kalia Tower, Waikikis first all steelframed high-rise, was designed with an innovative composite construction system that achieved breakthrough economy and speed. The 300-high, 450-room hotel features a 40-tall lobby area and a 2-story deep bridge connecting to the adjacent Coral Ballroom and meeting rooms. The top of the bridge functions as a recreation deck, which includes a sculpturally-formed swimming pool.
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This Steel Composite System Provided Five Key Benefits: Early Project Completion Lower Cost than Concrete Systems
17'-8" 14'-3" 204'-0" 13 Spaces @ 13'-6" 14'-3"
Low Floor-to-Floor Heights Semi-Finished Floor and Ceiling in One Operation Higher Ceilings in Guest Rooms Without Increasing Floor-toFloor Heights
PLANKS
25'-0"
DECKING
17'-8"
PLANKS
The tower utilized a composite system composed of steel beams with a 6-thick precast, prestressed concrete plank in the guest rooms, and metal deck with beams in the corridors. The lateral system was a braced frame with composite box columns filled with concrete.
Far Left: Hilton Hawaiian Village Kalia Tower under Construction. Left: The Completed Hilton Hawaiian Village Kalia Tower in Waikiki, Hawaii.
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Analysis of other framing systems produced strong evidence that the staggered truss system offered a significant number of economic advantages.
Neil Wexler, P.E., P.C. Wexler and Associates New York, NY
The 6-story, 210-room Mystic Marriott Hotel & Spa overlooks Connecticuts scenic Groton Reservoir. The hotel was designed to incorporate the scale and imagery of classic New England architecture, and its appearance is reminiscent of the great hotels from the turn of the century. The design team considered several construction systems in the initial phase of the project, including traditional post & beam. However, the Staggered Truss System was selected because it offered, among other distinct advantages, the most flexibility, most reasonable construction costs, and significant design flexibility.
The Staggered Truss Steel Framing System Provided Four Key Benefits: Fewer Columns Allowed the Creation of More Flexible and Efficient Floor Plans The lower Number of Columns Reduced Weight and Costs Faster, All-weather Erection Reduced Time and Saved Money High Quality Plank Provided a Finished Floor and Ceiling Without the Added Expense of Topping
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completely column-free. This open layout permitted unobstructed site lines for guests, as well as a variety of room configurations that maximized occupancy. The restaurant and spa also benefited from fewer columns by allowing designers to place tables, service areas and treatment rooms in the most efficient manner.
Project: Mystic Marriott Hotel & Spa Location: Groton, CT Owner: Waterford Hotel Group Architect: Brennan Beer Gorman/ Architects, L.L.P. Structural Engineer: Wexler and Associates General Contractor: Wolman Construction
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requirements.
AISC MARKETING INDUSTRY SUPPORT
Specifications Publications www.aisc.org
Low cost. Strength. Durability. Design Flexibility. Adaptability. Recyclability. These advantages make structural steel an ideal material choice for hotels, apartments, condominiums and senior residences. Whether the issue is economy, speed or quality, structural steel can meet or exceed the most demanding project
The American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) is a not-for-profit technical institute and trade association serving the structural steel design and construction community in the U.S. AISC Marketing, a wholly-owned subsidiary supported by the AISC Steel Solutions Center, will help you take a serious look at the structural framing system of your next multi-story residential building. AISCs Steel Solutions Center and Regional Engineers are available throughout the U.S. to provide preliminary design assistance, comparative cost estimates, and review with you the benefits of using steel to your advantage.
University Educational Programs Steel Fabricator Certification Program Steel Erector Certification Program Design Awards for Architects and Engineers Continuing Education for Architects, Engineers and Structural Steel Fabricators
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