XIII.

Diagnostic Exam Date Test ordered 01/18/1 3 Urinalysis

Normal Values Color: Pale yellow to amber Transparency: Clear to slightly hazy negative Glucose Negative Albumin Negative

Result Chemical Test: Color: light yellow Protein: (-) Sugar: (-) Appearanc e: slightly hazy Reaction: 6.0 Specific gravity: 1.015 Microscopi

Clinical Significance

Nursing responsibilities 1. Explain the purpose of the

Normal

procedure and need to follow up

Normal Normal Normal

appropriate urine collection procedures. 2. List patients drugs that can affect

Normal

test out come on laboratory slip or computer screen. 3.

Specific gravity 1.0101.035 Pus cells 0-3/hpf RBC 0-2/hpf

c Test Squamous cells: Moderate Pus cells: 2-3 RBC: 01/hpf Renal Cell: 2-4/hpf Normal Normal Normal

01/18/1 3

Blood Chemistry

Glucose 70105mg/d l Blood urea 1050mg/dl Nitrogen Crea 0.601.10mg/ dl Blood uric acid 2.66.0mg/dl Hgb 110150g/L Hct 0.38-.47 g/L WBC 510x10/L

101mg/dl

Normal

4. Explain the purpose of the procedure, no fasting is

33.3md/dl

Normal Normal Normal

required.

0.95mg/dl

Normal

5.1mg/dl

Normal

139g/L

Normal

0.42g/L

Normal

6.5

Normal

Examination required: Hematology Examination Result Normal Values Significance Dec: various anemias, pregnancy severe or prolonged hemorrhage, excessive fluid intake Inc: polycythemia, COPD, failure of oxygenation because of congestive heart failure, normal in people living in high altitude areas Dec: severe anemia, anemia in pregnancy, acute massive blood loss Inc: erythrocytosis of any cause, dehydration or hemoconcentration associated with shock Dec: bone marrow depression, influenza, typhoid fever, measles, infectious hepatitis, mononucleosis, rubella Inc: infection, leukemia, tissue necrosis Dec: viral infections, bone marrow suppression, primary bone marrow disease Inc: acute infections, trauma or surgery, leukemia, malignant disease, necrosis Dec: aplastic anemia, SLE, immunodeficiency including AIDS Inc: infectious mononucleosis, viral and some bacterial infections, hepatitis, TB, mumps, rubella, thyrotoxicosis, lypmphocytic leukemia Dec: use of corticosteroids, RA, HIV infection Inc: viral infections, parasitic disease, collagen and hemolytic disorders, TB, malaria, hepatitis, SLE, carcinomas, monocytic leukemia, lymphoma Dec: stress, use of some medications (ACTH, epinephrine, thyroxine), Cushings syndrome Inc: allergy, parasitic disease, collagen disease, subacute infections, hay fever, chronic myelocytic leukemia, Hodgkins disease, metastasis

Hemoglobin, female

L 84

135 - 175 g/L

Hematocrit, female

0.25

0.40 - 0.52

Leukocyte, conc.

3.99

5 -10 109/L

Segmenters

0.53

0.55 0.65

Lymphocytes

17

20 35

Monocytes

2.0 - 10.0

Eosinophils

0.4

0.0 - 5.0

Examination required: Urinalysis Examination Color Transparency Reaction Result Yellow Cloudy 7.0 Normal Values Straw to dark yellow Clear 4.6 6.5 Significance Color change due to drugs, diet or disease Turbidity kidney infection Dec: renal TB, pyrexia, phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria, acidosis Inc: Fanconis syndrome, UTI Dec: diabetes insipidus, acute tubular necrosis, pyelonephritis, overhydration Inc: nephrotic syndrome, dehydration, uncontrolled DM Fixed: chronic glomerulonephritis with severe kidney damage (+) proteinuria, renal failure, myeloma (+) DM, pheochromocytoma, Cushings syndrome, impaired tubular reabsorption, advanced kidney disease, increased intracranial pressure If many glomerulonephritis, strenuous exercise, lupus nephritis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, renal infarction, malignant hypertension Excessive renal disease (+) infection Excessive - Inflammation or infection involving the glomerulus Not of major clinical significance

Specific Gravity

1.010

1.016 1.022

Albumin Sugar

++ Trace

Negative Negative

RBC Epithelial cells Bacteria WBC cast Amorphous urate

TNTC +++ ++ 02 +

0 2/hpf Small amounts Negative 0 2/hpf