SIGMUND FREUDS PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY The Structures of Personality ID Origin Present at birth Emerges from the id EGO SUPEREGO

Emerges later than the id and the ego, around 3 to 5 years of age. Acquired through specialization and internalization of parental and social norms - Moral arm of the personality for it embodies the rules and regulations of society enforced by rewards and punishments - Is unconscious and irrational, based on the rules and prohibitions we have internalized from interactions with our parents and possibly other authority figures. Has two parts: the conscience and ego ideal. The conscience emerges from those experiences in which we are punished for unacceptable behavior, whereas the ego ideal results from those experiences in which we were rewarded for praiseworthy behavior. - Ensures that behavior is carried out in accordance with social standards for goodness and perfection - Punishes the individual for wrong behavior through feelings of guilt Moral principle: Do only what is right and good. The Perfectionist

Characteristics

- Serves as the unconscious, instinctual, and irrational source of primitive impulses. - has no contact with reality - extremely self-centered and selfish in nature - always seeks pleasure and avoids pain - involves primary process thought by discharging tension by forming an image of an object that will remove the tension (through wish fulfillment and dreams)

- A personality structure that is largely conscious and realistic in responding to events in the world. - referred to as the executive of the personality for it decides which impulses will be satisfied and in what manner - involves the secondary process thought which is rational and based on reality, helping the thinker make sense of the world and act in ways that makes sense both to the thinker and to observers of the thinkers actions.

Goals

Immediate gratification of instinctual needs

- Gratification of needs in line with social norms - To keep forbidden unconscious needs or thoughts repressed through the use of defense mechanisms Reality principle: Always strike a compromise between the id and superego. The Negotiator

Guiding Principle Also Known As

Pleasure principle: I want what I want when I want it. The Spoiled Brat

The Defense Mechanisms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Repression - unknowingly excluding from conscious awareness impulses or memories that are too frightening or painful Regression - the return, under stress, to a form of behavior characteristic of an earlier stage of development Rationalization - the use of self-deceiving justifications for unacceptable behavior Displacement - the transfer of ideas and impulses from threatening or unsuitable objects to less threatening ones Projection - assigning or attributing our own undesirable qualities to others in exaggerated amounts Reaction formation - transforming an unacceptable impulse or thought into its opposite Denial - the refusal to accept that an unpleasant reality or impulse exists Intellectualization - dealing with a stressful situation in abstract, intellectual terms Sublimation - the channeling of primitive impulses into positive, constructive behavioral expression