Pm (F ) has dimension m + 1. Theyre isomorphic if and only if they have the same dimension. f.

AB = I implies that A and B are invertible. False. Its true if theyre square matrices, but false Assignment 9 answers if theyre not square. Math 130 Linear Algebra g. If A is invertible, then (A1 )1 = A. True. D Joyce, Fall 2012 If A1 is the inverse of A, then A is the inverse of A1 . Exercises from section 2.4, page 106, exercises h. A is invertible if and only if LA is invertible. 1b&d-i, 2abc, 3abc, 4, 6, 7, 16. True. And in that case, the inverse of LA is LA1 . See the back of the textbook for exercises that i. A must be square in order to possess an inarent answered here. verse. True. There is no isomorphism F n F m unless m = n. 1. True/false. For these V and W are nitedimensional spaces with ordered bases and , respectively, T : V W is a linear transformations, 2. Determine whether the linear transformation is invertible and justify your answer. and A and B are matrices. a. and b. Theyre not since T : R2 R3 goes a. ([T ] )1 = [T 1 ] . False. A trick question. This looks like its saying that if a matrix A rep- between dierent dimensional spaces. c. T : R3 R3 is dened by T (a1 , a2 , a3 ) = resents the transformation T , then its inverse A1 represents the inverse transformation T 1 , which is (3a1 2a3 , a2 , 3a1 + 4a2 ). true. Its the s and s that are mixed up on The dimensions of the vector spaces are equal; the right hand side of the equation. It should be theyre both 3. But is there an inverse transfor[T 1 ] because T 1 : W V goes from a vector mation T 1 ? Can you invert the matrix A that space with basis to one with basis , not the other represents T ? way around. 3 0 2 b. T is invertible if and only if T is one-to-one A = 0 1 0 and onto. True. Invertibility means there is an in3 4 0 verse linear transformation T 1 . One-to-one and onto means theres an inverse function, a weaker Yes, its invertible. Its rank is 3. condition, but its a theorem that the inverse function will preserve addition and scalar multiplica3. Which pairs of vector spaces are isomorphic? tion, so it will be a linear transformation. Justify your answers. c. T = LA where A = [T ] . False. LA is a linear a. F 3 and P3 (F ). No, they have dierent dimentransformation Rn Rm , not V W . But it would be easy to add and to the denition of sions, namely, 3 and 4. L so that (LA ) was a transformation V W . b. F 4 and P3 (F ). Yes, theyre both dimension d. M23 (F ) is isomorphic to F 5 . False. M23 (F ) 4. has dimension 6 while F 5 has dimension 5. c. M22 (R) and P3 (R). Yes, theyre both die. Pn (F ) is isomorphic to Pm (F ) if and only if mension 4. m = n. True. Pn (F ) is the vector space of polynomials of degree less than or equal to n with co- 4. Let A and B be invertible nn matrices. Prove ecients in the eld F . It has dimension n + 1. that AB is also invertible and (AB)1 = B 1 A1 . 1

Proof. Recall that a matrix is invertible if there is and another matrix such its product with the other ma1 1 1 1 1 trix in either order is the identity matrix, in which ( (A)) = B (A) B = B BAB B = A. case, that other matrix is its inverse. Next well show its linear by showing that So in order to show that AB is invertible and 1 1 B A is its inverse, all we have to do is show (A + kC) = (A) + k(C) that their product in either order is the identity matrix. We are given that both A1 and B 1 exist. when k is a scalar and A and C are n n matrices. Part 1. Show that (B 1 A1 )(AB) = I. Simply drop the parentheses, which we can do since ma(A + kC) = B 1 (A + kC)B trix multiplication is associative, replace A1 A by = B 1 AB + B 1 kCB I, and note that B 1 IB = B 1 B = I. = B 1 AB + kB 1 CB Part 2. Show that (AB)(B 1 A1 ) = I. Al= (A) + k(C) most the same as part 1. ABB 1 A1 = AIA1 = 1 AA = I. q.e.d. q.e.d. 6. Prove that if A is invertible and AB = O, then Math 130 Home Page at B = O. http://math.clarku.edu/~djoyce/ma130/ Proof. Since A is invertible, A1 exists. Multiply both sides of the equation AB = O by A1 on the left to get A1 AB = A1 O. Since A1 AB = IB = B, and A1 O = O, therefore B = O. q.e.d. 7. Let A be an n n matrix. a. Suppose that A2 = O. Prove that A is not invertible. If it were, then by exercise 6, A would be O, but O is not invertible. b. Suppose that AB = O for some nonzero n n matrix B. Could A be invertible? Explain. No, for if it were, then by exercise 6, B would be O, which its not. 16. Let B be an invertible n n matrix. Dene : Mnn (F ) Mnn (F ) by (A) = B 1 AB. Prove that is an isomorphism. The expression B 1 AB is called A conjugated by B. Proof. First well show that is a bijection by giving its inverse 1 . Let 1 (A) = BAB 1 . This is the function inverse to since 1 ((A)) = B (A) B 1 = BB 1 ABB 1 = A, 2