Ramage Chapter 5: Using Evidence Effectively Definition Essay Example Discussion

ENG 102 1PM

TO GET US STARTED
On a sheet of notebook paper Write your name Would you rather

Read

the novel Read sparknotes about the novel

Ramage Chapter 5: Using Evidence Effectively

ENG 102

STAR CRITERIA:
GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELY

Sufficiency Typicality Accuracy Relevance

STAR CRITERIA:
GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELY

Sufficiency The more contested a claim or the more an audience is skeptical, the more evidence is needed Dont make argument overly long and tedious with too much evidence Word your claim so that audience supports it

STAR CRITERIA:
GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELY

Typicality Evidence should be typical and representative rather than an extreme instance

STAR CRITERIA:
GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELY

Accuracy Evidence cant be used ethically unless it is accurate and up-to-date Evidence cant be persuasive unless the audience believes in the writers credibility (ethos)

STAR CRITERIA:
GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR USING EVIDENCE PERSUASIVELY

Relevance Argument: I deserve an A because I worked exceptionally hard. Provides evidence of how hard he worked, but not why he deserves an A.

KINDS OF EVIDENCE
Data from Personal experience

Insufficient (hasty generalization), not typical, not adequately scientific or verifiable

Flaws in how observations were conducted, showing how data are insufficient, inaccurate, or nontypical Raise doubts about research methodology, questionnaire design, or typicality of interview subjects Raise doubts about sufficiency, typicality, or relevance

Observation/field research

Interviews, questionnaires, surveys

Library or internet research

KINDS OF EVIDENCE

Testimony

Question credentials of source, show sources bias, or quotes a countersource Question methods, research design, interpretation of data
Show implausibility of scenario or offer an alternative scenario Point to different values or outline different consequences

Statistical data

Hypothetical examples, cases, & scenarios

Reasoned sequence of ideas

CHECKLIST FOR BRAINSTORMING SOURCES OF EVIDENCE

What personal experiences have you had with this issue? What details from your life or the lives of your friends, acquaintances, or relatives might serve as examples or other kinds of evidence? What observational studies would be relevant to this issue? What people could you interview to provide insights or expert knowledge on this issue? What questions about your issue could be addressed in a survey or questionnaire? What useful information on this issue might encyclopedias, specialized reference books, or the regular book collection in your university library provide?

CHECKLIST FOR BRAINSTORMING SOURCES OF EVIDENCE

What evidence might you seek on this issue using licensed database indexing sources for magazines, newspapers, and scholarly journals? How might an Internet search engine help you research this issue? What evidence might you find on this issue from reliable statistical resources such as US Census Bureau data, the Centers for Disease Control, or Statistical Abstract of the US?

DEFINITION ESSAY EXAMPLE DISCUSSION

Each group will have 3 essays. Read the essays. Answer the peer review questions for each essay (you will have to write on a separate piece of paper). Rank the essays from best to worst and explain why.

FOR WEDNESDAY

Definition Essay Rough Draft

Read Hacker Chapters 8 & 36

Read Ramage Chapter 6 & answer the following questions. 1. How can one create effective ethos? 2. How can effective pathos be created? 3. What is kairos?