FIRE PROTECTION: RISER

Prepared by: Nur Afiqah binti Mohd Bashir

Commonly known standpipes system for protection.

as fire

It is designed to provide rapid access to water in the event that a fire breaks out. Also bundled with sprinkler systems which providing automatic or manual sprinklers.

RISER CONTD
This system also installed in high rise or large buildings.

Difficult to get pressure, especially on high floors, which makes it harder to pump water quickly enough to put the fire out.
There are two types of riser systems which are dry riser and wet riser systems.

DRY RISER SYSTEM

A dry riser does not normally contain water, but is charged with water by the fire brigade during an outbreak of fire. It is suitable for building between 20mm-60mm. Are usually fitted into a staircase or similarly suitable location. It must be installed within 18m of fire engine access to the inlet box and installed in a fire proof enclosure.

DRY RISER SYSTEM CONTD

Comprises a riser pipe with landing valves at each floor which canvas hose with nozzles. Breeching inlets into which the firemen pump water are provided at ground level and are connected to the bottom of the dry risers. A dry pipe system operates more slowly and more expensive to install and maintains than a wet pipe type.

Components of Dry riser system

1. Fire Breeching point Should be located on the external wall of the building at 760 mm above ground level and < 12 m from the riser. The inlets should be within 18 m of an access road. 100 mm dia. dry riser 2 inlets 150 mm dia. dry riser 4 inlets 2. Dry riser (stand-pipe) The fire brigade will connect riser to the water supply The inlets at the ground level and the pumps force water from the main into riser Minimum diameter is 100 mm.
2) Dry riser
1) Fire Breeching point

Components of Dry riser system contd

3. Landing Valve Usually install at every storey. Space from floor not less than 750mm Installed with metal box or cabinet to avoid damage.
4. Automatic air valve An automatic air valve at the top of the riser opens to allow air in the pipe to escape, but closes when the pipe is full of water.

4) Automatic air valve

3) Landing Valve

Dry riser inlet box Dry Riser Outlet Boxes

Twin Inlet Breeching

Horizontal landing valve

Four-way Inlet Breeching

Operation of Dry Riser System

Water is entered from pillar hydrant by fire bridge when fire occur
Outlet pump will connected at Dry riser inlet Water will enter for give the pressure and remove pressure air upside

Then sprayed towards the fire with a pressurized water conditions

Fire bridge will connec t them in the landing valve and open it

Automatically, water valve located at the top will open and remove the air, but will close again once the water has to meet the dry riser

Components of Wet riser system

1. Fire brigade breeching point/Hydrant
Minimal diameter is 65mm. Fitted with a coupling compatible with the local fire brigade. (different hose connections)

2. Water Supply & Break Tank

Supplied from break tank - >11.5 m, water main - >27 litre/s 150 mm diameter, 64 mm int. dia. instantaneous male couplings (connection to pump) fire brigade breeching inlet at street level.

3. Overflow Pipe
capable of developing 375 litre/s to the open air should be connected to the break tank.

2) Water Supply & Break Tank

1) Fire brigade breeching

Overflow Pipe

Components of Wet riser system contd

4. Booster Pump set

i.

Jockey Pump When the system pressure drop (150psi-230psi) to a preset level, jockey pump starts and charges the system back to normal pressure i. Stand-by Pump Standby pump is started automatically when the duty pump fails. Acts as support pump. ii. Duty pump The duty pump starts when the pressure in the fire sprinkler system drops below a threshold.

4) Booster Pump set

Components of Wet riser system contd

5. Pipe work & Valves The control valves are used in combination with the pipe work to control a direct the flow of water. 6. Riser (stand-pipe) Have same function with dry riser system 7. Landing valve Landing valve from floor level should not less than 750 mm Its dia. 64 mm (minimum)
7) Landing valves

6) Riser (stand-pipe)

5) Pipe work & Valves

Operation of wet riser system

The drop in water pressure is detected by a pressure switch which in turn starts the booster pumps Connect rubber pipe at hose coupling Pump will be functioned when switch is on

Open landing valve

Close the landing valve after used.

Excessive water will flow to drain pipe and it will flow back to the tank, then the process repeated

Water from the tank fill in the riser and flow to rubber pipe.

At the bottom landing valve,it has orifice plate functioned as to limit pressure at landing valve for high building, so it can be limit to maximum, 520kPa