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REFERENCING GUIDELINES CI
This g guide was compiled b Christine Hart by Ma arch 2010 Libraries@ L @Sharjah H HCT
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 3 1. Parenthetical references - reference citations in the text in-text citations ......................... 3 2.List of references bibliography works cited .................................................................... 4 3. For more information ............................................................................................................ 4 BOOKS ........................................................................................................................... 5
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Book 1 author .................................................................................................................... 5 Book 2 to 5 authors ........................................................................................................... 5 Book 6 or more authors..................................................................................................... 5 Book - corporate author organization, government department, association, university, etc. ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Book no author or editor.................................................................................................... 6 Book with editor(s) ............................................................................................................ 6 Book chapter in edited book.............................................................................................. 6 Encyclopedia article ............................................................................................................. 6 Book - electronic/online book book is only available in electronic form or online .............. 6
MAGAZINES .................................................................................................................. 7
1. Magazine article no volume number ................................................................................. 7 2. Magazine article volume number ...................................................................................... 7 3. Magazine article electronic/online ..................................................................................... 7
JOURNALS .................................................................................................................... 8
1. 2. 3. 4. Journal article print ............................................................................................................ 8 Journal article - electronic/online with DOI (Digital Object Identifier) ................................... 8 Journal article - electronic/online without DOI (Digital Object Identifier) .............................. 8 Journal article - electronic/online article from full-text database .......................................... 8
NEWSPAPERS .............................................................................................................. 9
1. 2. 3. 4. Newspaper article - print ...................................................................................................... 9 Newspaper article no author - print ................................................................................... 9 Newspaper letter to the editor print ................................................................................... 9 Newspaper article - online.................................................................................................... 9
AUDIOVISUAL ............................................................................................................. 10
1. Audio podcast .................................................................................................................... 10 2. Lecture, speech, address, reading, PowerPoint presentation ............................................ 10
PERSONAL COMMUNICATION ................................................................................. 12 IMAGES, DRAWINGS, GRAPHS, PHOTOGRAPHS .................................................. 12 ARABIC SOURCES ..................................................................................................... 12
INTRODUCTION
This booklet is a guide to writing a list of references and parenthetical references using APA (American Psychological Association) 6th edition. APA is the referencing style suggested for use by the Education, Applied Communication and Health Sciences programs at Sharjah Colleges.
b. When do you use a parenthetical reference? Whenever you quote information directly from a source. Whenever you paraphrase information from a source into your own words.
c. Why do you use a parenthetical reference? To lead the reader to the full information about the source in your list of references. To avoid plagiarism. Plagiarism is stealing a persons words, ideas or images by not naming the original author.
d. How do you create a parenthetical reference? Use this guide to follow the rules set by the American Psychological Association (APA). The Higher Colleges of Technology subscribe to a software package NoodleTools NoodleBib to assist students and staff to create lists of references and format parenthetical references. NoodleTools is also available through the Library Databases or the Sharjah Colleges Portal Library webpage. Use the APA Advanced option.
e. Examples of parenthetical references Direct quotation o When you use someone elses exact words. o Written inside double quotation marks . o "The chicken came before the egg" (Smith, 2001). Paraphrase o When you use someone elses ideas but write it in your own words. o Do not use quotation marks. o Smith theorizes that the chicken came before the egg (2001).
b. Why do you need to create a list of references? To show what information sources you have used for your research. To help the reader find more information about the topic or research. To prevent being charged with a crime called plagiarism. Plagiarism is stealing a persons words, ideas or images by not naming the original author.
c. How do you create a list of references? Use this guide to follow the rules set by the American Psychological Association (APA). The Higher Colleges of Technology subscribe to a software package NoodleTools NoodleBib to assist students and staff to create lists of references and works cited and format parenthetical references. NoodleTools is also available through the Library Databases or the Sharjah Colleges Portal Library webpage. Use the APA Advanced option.
BOOKS
1. Book 1 author
List of References Moore, E. (2007). Gardening in the Middle East: A guide. London: Viking. Note: Invert the authors name and use initial or first name only. Use capital letters for first word of the main title, subtitle, names and all proper nouns. Parenthetical Reference Gardening is difficult (Moore, 2007). or Moore states that gardening is difficult (2007). NoodleBib Nonperiodicals Book
2. Book 2 to 5 authors
List of References Witten, I.H., Bainbridge, D., & Nichols, D.M. (2009). How to build a digital library. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufman. Note: Use the ampersand (&) between the last two authors names. Parenthetical Reference Witten, Bainbridge and Nichols (2009) state that a digital library is possible. or A digital library is possible (Witten, Bainbridge, & Nichols, 2009). NoodleBib Nonperiodicals Book
8. Encyclopedia article
List of References Kincaid, R.P. (2003.) Romance languages. In The world book encyclopedia (Vol. 16, pp 415-416). Chicago: World Book. Parenthetical Reference (Kincaid, 2003). NoodleBib Nonperiodicals Reference source
MAGAZINES
1. Magazine article no volume number
List of References Sea to shining sea. (2010, January). Brides, 262-267. Note: Use title if no author. Full date is used for weekly magazines, month and year for monthly magazines. Parenthetical Reference (Sea to Shining Sea, 2010). All main words in title are capitalized when no author. NoodleBib Periodicals Magazine
JOURNALS
1. Journal article print
List of References Ottani, A.S. & Messahel, F.M. (2003). Awareness during surgery. Saudi Medical Journal, 21(4), 967-970. Parenthetical Reference (Ottani & Messahel, 2003). NoodleBib Periodicals Journal
NEWSPAPERS
1. Newspaper article - print
List of References Cumming, G. (2003, April 5). Cough that shook the world. The New Zealand Herald, p. B4. Note: Include the day for daily and weekly newspapers. Parenthetical Reference (Cumming, 2003). NoodleBib Periodicals Newspaper or newswire
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AUDIOVISUAL
1. Audio podcast
List of References CNN News (Speaker). (2010, February 15). CNN news update. Podcast.com. Retrieved from http://podcast.com/episode/51496635/759/ Parenthetical Reference (CNN News, 2010). NoodleBib Audiovisual Sound recording or podcast Spoken word Online
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2. Webpage - Wikipedia
List of References Dentistry. (2010, February 9). Wikipedia. Retrieved February 15, 2010, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentistry Parenthetical Reference ("Dentistry," 2010). NoodleBib Electronic/Online Web Site Web page or document
3. Blog
List of References Le Nguyen, C. (2009, February 18). Simon Cowell on his 'Idol' replacement, missing Paula, Chris Golightly, and more [Web log post]. Retrieved from Yahoo! TV Blog: http://tv.yahoo.com/blog/simon-cowell-onhis-idol-replacement-missing-paula-chrisgolightly-and-more--1001 Parenthetical Reference (Le Nguyen, 2009). NoodleBib Electronic/Online Blog
4. Email
List of References Note: E-mails are not included in the list of references but are parenthetically cited in the text. Parenthetical Reference (E. Smith, personal communication, February 10, 2010). NoodleBib
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PERSONAL COMMUNICATION
List of References Note: Unpublished lecture notes, letters, memos, personal interviews, telephone conversations, e-mails are not included in the list of references but are parenthetically cited in the text. Parenthetical Reference (E. Smith, personal communication, February 10, 2010). NoodleBib
ARABIC SOURCES
APA says to cite the information as it appears in the book (newspaper, website, etc.). This means that you cite the title in Arabic using usual formatting rules. Because your readers may not understand Arabic, translate into English in brackets following each part. Author [English translation]. (Year of Publication). Title [English translation]. Publication Place [English translation]: Publishers Name [English translation].