PARASITOLOGY Questions CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Short Answers 1. Name four parasitic zoonotic diseases 2.

Define Definitive host and Intermediate host 3. Define Definitive host, give two examples 4. Define intermediate host. Name two parasites in which man is the intermediate host 394 289 289 289 O00, O01, O02, A05, A02(OS) A01 A02, A09 A03, O03, A11, O11, O11(OS) O01(OS) O05 O11 A06, A10(OS) O11 A09 O07(RS2) Page No. Exams

5. Name four parasites which enter the human body by direct 550 skin penetration 6. Name four vectors which transmit parasitic infections 7. Name three vectors transmitting protozoal disease 8. Name 2/4 parasitic diseases where mosquitoes act as vectors. 9. Name a parasite transmitted by EACH: Cat, Dog, Pig, Cow 10. Parasitic diseases transmitted through Pig 11. Parasitic infections and malignancy. 384 384 384 534 534 43

CHAPTER 2 PROTOZOA: GENERAL FEATURES Short Answers 1. Name four protozoal parasites pathogenic to man. 2. Name the Sporozoan parasites 3. Name three coccidial parasites 598 521 178 O08(OS) A11 A10(RS2)

CHAPTER 3 AMOEBAE Long Essays 1. Enumerate pathogenic and non pathogenic amoebae. Describe the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of 193 A10

intestinal amoebiasis 2. Enumerate the parasites responsible for diarrhoea. Given special list of parasites associated with diarrhoea in AIDS. Discuss morphology and pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica. Give laboratory diagnosis of amoebic dysentery. 3. Discuss morphology and life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica. Give an outline of laboratory diagnosis of a case of intestinal amoebiasis. 4. Describe the morphology, pathogenesis & laboratory diagnosis of Entameoba histolytica Short Essays 1. Pathogenesis of Amoebiasis. 2. Pathogenesis of intestinal amoebiasis. 3. Invasive (Extra-intestinal) amoebiasis 196 196 196 A03, A05 O07(RS2) A07(RS2), A10(RS2), O04(OS), O09(OS) O05 A08, A02(OS), A05(OS) O09 O00 A02, O04, A06 A11 535, 193 O99(OS)

193

O06

193

O10(RS2)

4. Amoebic liver abscess. 5. Laboratory diagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis. 6. Laboratory diagnosis of extra intestinal Amoebiasis 7. Differences between Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli. 8. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. (Swimming pool meningitis) 9. Acanthamoeba Short Answers 1. Trophozoite of Entamoeba histolytica. 2. Draw a labeled diagram of Entamoeba histolytica vegetative form 3. Cysts of E. histolytica 4. Complications of Amoebiasis. 5. List any two/ four differences between Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli 6. Name the commensal amoebae of intestine 7. Cyst of Entamoeba coli

196 197 197 278 311 517

194 194 194 229 278 280 505

O08(RS2) O11 O09 A11(RS2) O04, A11 O00, A01 O10

8. Name the parasites that cause primary amoebic meningoencephalitis 9. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.

311 311

A00 O07(RS2)

CHAPTER 4 FLAGELLATES Long Essays 1. Describe the morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis & lab diagnosis of Leishmania donavani. Short Essays 1. Intestinal flagellates 2. Giardia lamblia 3. Morphology & laboratory diagnosis of Giardia intestinalis (Giardia lamblia). 4. Describe the pathogenicity and lab. diagnosis of G. intestinalis. 5. Giardiasis. 6. Trichomonas vaginalis 7. L.D bodies. 8. Kala azar 9. Laboratory diagnosis of kala azar 10. Morphology & pathogenicity of agent causing cutaneous leishmaniasis. 11. Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (Oriental sore) Short Answers 1. Giardia lamblia. 2. Cyst of Giardia intestinalis. 3. Morphology of Trichomonas vaginalis. 4. Diagrammatic representation of Trichomonas vaginalis 5. Classify Haemoflagellates 6. Name the different species of Trypanosomes 7. Tse tse fly 311 312 444 444 329 447 462 A11(RS2), O07 O07(RS2) A07 O06 A01, A02, O02, O00(OS) A08 A04, O08 107, 311 311 312 312 312 444 259 260 261 420 420 A09(RS2) O06(OS) O02, O00(OS) A02 A06, A06(OS) A08 O05 O06, A07 O01, A04, A06, A09, A07(OS) A03, A05 O07, O08 258 A00, O03

8. Clinical signs of Chagas diease 9. Draw & label the diagram of LD Body 10. Pathogenesis of Leishmania donovani 11. Name four serological tests for Kala azar 12. Aldehyde test 13. Dermal leishmanoid (Delhi boil)

495 258 260 261 262 420

A10 A02 A09(RS2) O00, A03, A01(OS) A09 O00, O06(OS)

CHAPTER 5 MALARIA PARASITES Long Essays 1. Name the different plasmodia that infect man. Describe the life cycle in man, pathogenesis, clinical features and laboratory diagnosis of P. falciparum infection. 2. Enumerate parasites found in blood. Describe the life cycle, pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax. 3. Mention the parasites causing anaemia. Describe the life cycle & laboratory diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum. Short Essays 1. Name the malarial parasites and describe the life cycle and pathogenicity of Pl. falciparum. 2. Exo erythrocytic schizogony. 3. Life cycle of Plasmodium vivax in human. 4. Plasmodium falciparum 5. Name four complications of malaria & their lab diagnosis. 6. Complications of falciparum malaria 7. Black water fever. 8. Laboratory diagnosis of Malaria 9. Lab. diagnosis of malignant tertian malaria. 10. Rapid diagnostic techniques of Malaria Short Answers 1. Draw a diagram of Pl falciparum gametocyte 2. Gametocyte of P. falciparum 3. Pathogenesis of plasmodium falciparum 337 337 37 A03, A08 A09 A10(RS2) 35 354 10 35 297 297 344 38 38 54 A01(OS) A04 O08(RS2) A08(OS) O01 A10 O03, A03(OS) O10(OS) A07 A08(RS2) 35 O07(RS2), O05, A04(OS) A07(RS2), A06

10

276, 35

O00

4. Name three complications produced by Plasmodium falciparum 5. Cerebral malaria

297 404

A09(RS2) O06

CHAPTER 6 MISCELLANEOUS SPOROZOA AND MICROSPORA Long Essays 1. Describe the morphology, life cycle and laboratory diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii. 2. Enumerate the parasites commonly infecting a patient of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Describe the life cycle and laboratory diagnosis of Toxoplasma Gondii Short Essays 1. Toxoplasma gondii. 2. Toxoplasmosis. 3. Laboratory diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) 4. Serological tests for toxoplasmosis. 5. Cryptosporidium parvum 6. Cryptosporidiosis. 7. Pneumocystis carinii (Pneumocystis jerovesi) Short Answers 1. Pathogenesis of Toxoplasma gondii. 2. Cryptosporidium 3. How is cryptosporidiosis diagnosed? 4. Microsporidia 5. List specimens used for diagnosis of Pneuomcystis carini pneumonia 223 225 225 246 144 A07(RS2) A08(RS2) A00 O11(RS2) A10(OS) 221 223 224 224 225 225 143 O07, A11(OS) A07 A01, O03, O11, O08(OS) O07(RS2) A11(RS2) A00(OS) A07(RS2), O09(RS2) 221 592, 221 A11(RS2) A11

CHAPTER 7 CILIATE PROTOZOA Short Answers 1. Balantidium coli. 409 A07

2. Morphology of Balantidium coli.

409

O05

CHAPTER 8 HELMINTHS: GENERAL FEATURES None

CHAPTER 9 TREMATODES: FLUKES Short Essays 1. Larval stages of trematodes 2. Schistosma hematobium 3. Fasciola hepatica. 4. Paragonimus westernmanii. Short Answers 1. General characters of Trematodes 2. Miracidicum 3. Cercariae. 4. Name three blood flukes 5. Name two liver flukes 6. Liver fluke 7. Fasciola hepatica 8. Name two parasitic infections in which the larval stage is found in the lungs 9. Paragonimus westermani 10. Intermediate hosts of Paragonimus westermani 61 277 277 298 447 447 457 606 380 380 A08(RS2) O11(RS2), O06 A09(RS2), O05, O08, O10 O01, O03, A05 O02 A08 O00 O09(OS) A01 A04 277 199 457 380 O00 O10(RS2), O06 O08, O11(OS) O05

CHAPTER 10 CESTODES: TAPEWORMS Long Essays 1. Classify Platyhelminths. Describe the morphological features, life cycle, pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of Taenia solium. 456, 285 O08

2. Mention the general features of cestodes. Describe the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of Hydatid disease 3. Enumerate the cestode parasites. Describe the life cycle, pathogenicity and laboratory diagnosis and complications of Taenia solium. 4. Classify cestodes. Describe the morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus 5. Enumerate cestodes of human importance. Describe the life cycle, pathogenecity and laboratory diagnosis of Hydatid Worm Short Essays 1. Taenia solium 2. Life cycle of Taenia solium. 3. Types & pathogenesis of cysticercosis. 4. Pathogenesis & laboratory diagnosis of cysticercus cellulosae. 5. Cystecercus cellulosae 6. Clinical features and diagnosis of Cystericercus cellulosae. 7. Dog tape worm 8. Hydatid cyst. 9. Pathogenesis & lab diagnosis of Hydatid disease. 10. Laboratory diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus 11. Casoni's test 12. Hymenolepis Nana. Short Answers 1. Name four cestodes infecting man. 2. Differences between T. solium and T. saginata 3. Scolex of Taenia Solium 4. Cysticercus cellulosae 5. Morphology of Echiniococcus granulosus

90 285

A09(RS2) A01, O10

90

O08(RS2), A04, A07, A08, O07(OS), A10(OS) O11

90

285 285 313, 286 286 286 286 91 93 93 94 94 366

O09(RS2) O07 A02 O02 O10(RS2), A07, A10, A03(OS) O07(RS2) A08(RS2) A06, O06, O07, A06(OS) O01, A03, O03, A05, O01(OS) O09 O05(OS) O04

285 382 285 286 91

O08 O05 O10 O08(RS2), A00, O01, A05 O11(RS2)

6. Draw a neat diagram of hydatid cyst & label the parts 7. Brood capsule 8. Name two tests to diagnose hydatid disease. 9. Casonis test

93 94 94 94

O00, A02 A10 A00 O10, O00(OS), O03(OS), A05(OS) O10 O02

10. Hymenolepis nana egg 11. Why is it difficult to eradicate H. nana infection?

366 329

CHAPTER 11 NEMATODES: GENERAL FEATURES Short Essays 1. Larval stages of Nematodes (Rhabditiform larva and filariform larva) Short Answers 1. Classify intestinal nematodes 171 O03 243 O11(RS2), O05

CHAPTER 12 TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS Short Essays 1. Trichinella spiralis Short Answers 1. Describe the life cycle of Trichinella spiralis. 57 A02, O02 57 A08(RS2), O06, O09

CHAPTER 13 WHIPWORM Short Essays 1. Life cycle of Trichuris trichura. Short Answers 1. Life cycle of Trichuris trichura 2. Egg of taenia Diagram 3. Draw the diagram of eggs of Taenia solium & Hymenolepis nana 549 267 267, 366 A01 A08 A00 549 O01(OS)

4. Draw the diagram of eggs of A. duodenale & H. nana 5. Draw a labeled diagram of Hookworm egg 6. Draw a labeled diagram of whipworm egg 7. Egg of Trichuris trichura Diagram

289, 366 329 204 204

A01 O02 O03 O10(RS2), A09

CHAPTER 14 STRONGYLOIDES Short Essays 1. Life cycle of Strongyloides stercoralis 2. Life cycle & pathogenicity of S. stercoralis. Short Answers 1. Larva of Strongyloides stercoralis 2. Hyper infection syndrome 100 103 O10 A10 100 100 A09(RS2), O10(RS2), O11 A02, A03, A05

CHAPTER 15 HOOKWORM Long Essays 1. Classify Nematodes. Describe the life cycle & laboratory diagnosis of Ancylostoma duodenale. Short Essays 1. Life cycle of Ancylostoma duodenale. 2. Write briefly on life cycle & pathogenesis of hookworm. 3. Describe the pathogenicity and life cycle of Ankylostoma duodenale. 4. Pathogenicity & lab diagnosis of ankylostomiasis. 5. Ground itch. Short Answers 1. Morphology of Anchylostoma egg 2. Draw the diagram of Hookworm ova 3. Draw a neatly labelled diagram of life cycle of hookworm 4. Pathogenecity of hook worm 5. Causes of anemia in A. duodenal infestation 172 172 173 174 174 A04 O11 O99(OS) A08 A02, A03 172 172 172 174 174 A07(RS2) A00 O00(OS) O01 A06 171 A10(RS2), O04

6. Hook worm anemia

174

O10

CHAPTER 16 PINWORM Short Essays 1. Enterobius vermicularis 107 A09(RS2), A08, O10, O11, O10(OS) O00, O02 A06 O09(OS)

2. Morphology & life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis. 3. Morphology of egg of Enterobius vermicularis. 4. Enterobiasis Short Answers 1. Draw egg of Enterobius vermicularis. 2. Laboratory diagnosis of Enterobius vermicularis 3. NIH swab

107 108 110

108 111 111

O07 O11(RS2) A10(RS2)

CHAPTER 17 ROUNDWORM Long Essays 1. Classify intestinal nematodes. Describe morphology, life cycle, pathogenicity and lab diagnosis of Ascaris lumbricoides infestation. Short Essays 1. Life cycle and pathogenesis of Ascaris lumbricoides. 2. Life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides (Round worm) 309 309 O08 O08(RS2), A10(RS2), A11(RS2), O06(OS) A00(OS) 171, 308 A02, O07

3. Pathogenicity of Ascaris lumbricoides. Short Answers 1. Morphology of Ascaris lumbricoides egg 2. Decorticated egg of Ascaris 3. Complications of Ascariasis (roundworm infestations)

310

308 308 311

O04 O10 A00, O03

CHAPTER 18 FILARIAL WORM Long Essays 1. Classify somatic nematodes. Describe the life cycle, pathogenesis & laboratory diagnosis of Wucheraria bancrofti. Short Essays 1. Sheathed Microfilaraia 2. Microfilaria. 242 242 A08(OS) O11(RS2), A04, O04(OS), A09(OS) A00, A06, O07 171, 133 O09(RS2), O01, O02, A05, A09, A07(OS)

3. Describe the life cycle on Wucheraria bancrofti. Short Answers 1. Sheathed Microfilaria 2. Enumerate the microfilaria found in man 3. What is nocturnal periodicity? Give one examples 4. Pathogenesis of Bancroftan filariasis. 5. Name the diseases caused by W. Bancrofti 6. Occult filariasis. 7. (D.E.C) Hetrazan provocation test. 8. Differences between Wucheraria bancrofti and Brugia malayi 9. Differences between microfilaria of W bancrofti and B malayi 10. Loa loa. 11. Calabar swelling

134

242 242 346 136 136 43 137 248 248 383 383

A01 O03(OS), A05(OS) O03 O08(RS2) A11 O07(RS2), A09(OS) O08, O10(OS) O11(RS2) O00 O05, A07 O10(RS2)

CHAPTER 19 GUINEA WORM Long Essays 1. Name the tissue Nematodes. Describe the life cycle, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and prophylactic measures against Dracunculus medinensis 2. Enumerate somatic nematodes. Describe morphology, pathogenicity and laboratory diagnosis of Dracunculus 171, 240 A03, O09

171, 239

O11(RS2)

medinensis Short Essays 1. Describe life cycle of Dracunculus medinenisis (Guinea worm) and add a note on prophylaxis of Dranconiasis 2. Pathogenesis of Dracunculus medinensis Short Answers 1. Life cycle of Drancunculus medinensis 240 A00 240 241 A01, A01(OS) O10

CHAPTER 20 MISCELLANEOUS NEMATODES Short Essays 1. Larva migrans. 40 O07(RS2), A10(RS2), O10, A11, A02(OS), A04(OS), A05(OS), A11(OS)

Short Answers 1. Larva migrans. 2. Larva currens. 40 463 A11(RS2), A07, O07 O08

CHAPTER 21 DIAGNOSTIC METHODS IN PARASITOLOGY Short Essays 1. Enumerate protozoan parasites that cause diarrhea. Add a note on their lab diagnosis. 2. Stool Concentration technique for ova / cysts. 265 142 A00 O09(RS2), A10(RS2), A11(RS2), O08, O03(OS) A01

3. Parasites seen in the peripheral blood smear. Short Answers 1. Significance of examination of an iodine mount of a stool sample

10

346

A03

2. Significance of saline & iodine preparation for stool examination 3. Concentration techniques for stool 4. Mention two concentration methods for stool examination for parasites 5. Saturated salt floatation technique 6. Give examples of protozoans which can be present in blood 7. Mention the parasites found in peripheral blood smears

346 142 142 142 10 10

O03 A10 O02 O11(RS2), A07(RS2) O04 O01, A05, O05(OS), A09(OS) O00, O02 O07(OS)

8. Significance of thick & thin blood smears in malaria 9. NNN medium.

280 587

MISCELLANEOUS Short Essays 1. Cyclops. 2. Loefflers syndrome Short Answers 1. Name two parasites demonstrable in bone marrow aspiration 2. Filariform larve. 3. Which parasites cause pruritis ani, rectal prolapse, hanging groins & pernicious anemia? 4. Name two nematode eggs which are not bile stained 5. Cyclops. 6. Enumerate parasites causing anaemia and the type of anaemia 338 243 267 355 484 276 A03 O07(OS) A00 A04 O04, O05, O07, O10(OS) A09(RS2), O10(RS2), O06, O08, A10, O11, A01(OS), A08(OS) A11(OS) A03(OS) 484 310 O09, O03(OS) A10

7. Name two hexacanth Embryonated eggs 8. Name two non-bile stained eggs

636 355

9. Name bile stained Helminthic eggs seen in stool 10. Name two bile stained ova 11. Two examples of parasites affecting the eye. 12. Name all the parasites infecting the liver 13. Name three parasites found in the large intestine 14. Name six protozoa cysts found in stool. 15. Name three parasites found in the urine 16. Name four parasitic infection in which man is the dead end of the life cycle 17. Name the Helminthic infections transmitted through snail 18. Non bile stained egg Diagram 19. Parasites in reticuloendothelial system

521 568 393 403 616 14 179 485 472 486 506

A11 O04(OS) A06 O06 A10(OS) A07(RS2) A10(RS2) O09 A09 O09 O10