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SPRING 2012 RACISM AND OPPRESSION FINAL EXAMINATION

1. The tendency for people in any two groups or races to live in separate areas is called: a. Assimilation b. Housing segregation c. Housing integration d. Gentrification Neighborhood association or deed restrictions that forbid the sale or rental of a house to minority groups are called: a. Redlining b. Racial steering c. Gentrification d. Restrictive covenant "Sundown towns" are: a. Towns on the Western frontier b. Towns with limited services in the afternoon and evening c. Places where African Americans were kept out by not allowing them to be in the town after sunset d. Places where curfews are in place for teens by nightfall Studies on housing segregation and income inequality show that: a. About three-quarters of racial segregation can be accounted for by income differences b. Blacks live in central cities because they cannot afford to live in the suburbs c. Housing segregation, not income, has largely restricted blacks to living in the central cities d. Most blacks prefer the central cities even when they can afford to live in the suburbs Which of the following is true about black and white preferences in terms of racial housing segregation? a. Whites are more likely than blacks to prefer to live in integrated neighborhoods b. Both blacks and whites prefer to live in neighborhoods that are 50 percent white and 50 percent black c. A majority of blacks prefer to live in an all-black neighborhoods d. Most whites prefer to live in all-white or nearly all-white neighborhoods The selective showing of property to majority and minority group members is called: a. Redlining b. Racial steering c. Blockbusting d. Gerrymandering When callers on the phone to real estate or rental agents sound black or Hispanic, they are: a. Considerably more likely than white-sounding callers to be told that rental property is unavailable when it is located in white areas b. Considerable less likely than white-sounding callers to be told that rental property is unavailable when it is located in black areas c. Less likely to be shown property in majority black and Hispanic neighborhoods d. Less likely to be offered a tour of property in listed neighborhoods.

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The practice whereby unscrupulous real-estate agents play on the fears of white and the housing predicament of blacks to make a fast buck by encouraging the rapid turnover of a neighborhood from all-white to all-black is called: a. Redlining b. Racial steering c. Blockbusting d. Gerrymandering Which of the following racial/ethnic groups experienced the least amount of housing segregation? a. Blacks b. Puerto Ricans c. Mexicans d. Asian Americans While the average segregation index for African Americans has been declining, the index for Hispanics has: a. Increased dramatically in the last three censuses b. Changed very little over the last three censuses c. Decreased at an even greater rate d. Increased and then decreased over the last three censuses In a recent study on preferences terms of the race or ethnicity of one's neighbors: a. African Americans were the most preferred neighbor by all the groups b. Latinos were the least preferred neighbor of all the groups c. Asian Americans were the most preferred neighbor of all the groups d. Whites were the most preferred neighbor of all the groups Which of the following is true about housing segregation? a. Hispanics are the least segregated racial or ethnic group in the United States b. Latinos and Native Americans don't experience discrimination or racial steering when buying homes c. Both Asian Americans and Hispanic Americans are more segregated from blacks than they are from whites d. Asian Americans, although less than other minorities, continue to face high levels of segregation in the United States Which of the following is true about housing segregation? a. It can lead to segregated schools b. It reduces the need for busing c. It enhances the quality of life of middle-class blacks d. It tends to dilute pockets of black poverty The refusal to make loans or issue insurance in certain neighborhoods based on the racial composition or average income in the neighborhood, regardless of the characteristics of the individual homeowner is called: a. Restrictive covenant b. Redlining c. Racial steering d. Blockbusting The majority of black Americans live in central cities. a. True b. False

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The net effect of job shifts from cities to suburbs is to take jobs out of areas where blacks and Hispanics live. a. True b. False In 2000, nearly 40% of African Americans had no motor vehicle. a. True b. False When sociologists talk about housing segregation they are referring to laws that prevent groups of people from living near each other. a. True b. False Blacks are relatively underrepresented in the suburbs. a. True b. False Both black and white homeowners are harmed by blockbusting. a. True b. False Asian Americans and Hispanics are as segregated as African Americans. a. True b. False According to research by Massey and others, segregation reduces the quality of life of the black middle class. a. True b. False Which of the following statements about minority students and segregation in schools is false? a. Although declining after 1967, since 1988, school segregation has been increasing again b. About 37 percent of black and Latino/a students attend schools that are more than 90 percent minority c. Most Americans don't agree with the idea that children of different racial groups should attend the same schools d. Housing segregation is the main reason for segregated schools Most Hispanic children attend schools with a majority of the students from which racial or ethnic group? a. White b. Black and Hispanic c. Native American d. Asian American Which perspective holds that education provides a source of social mobility in society? a. The Conflict perspective b. The Symbolic Interactionist perspective c. The Social Psychological perspective d. The Functionalist perspective

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The Conflict perspective views the educational system as a means of: a. Reinforcing the social inequality in society b. Providing a source of social mobility in society c. Providing employers with technically qualified workers d. Bringing about economic equality Middle class schools tend to stress different kinds of values than do working-class or poor schools. These values at middle-class schools tend to include: a. Conformity b. Obedience c. Ability to work independently d. Punctuality Studies on the educational system have found all of the following EXCEPT: a. Middle class schools teach different values than lower class schools b. The higher one goes in the educational system, the higher average family income of the students c. The affective characteristics gained in school (values and habits) are less linked to income and occupational status than family structure d. Education pays off better for the white middle class than for minorities and the poor Schools are mainly funded with: a. State income tax money that is evenly distributed b. Federal income tax money that is evenly distributed c. State taxes and property taxes d. Property taxes Even when attempts have been made to equalize funding for poor school districts, they may fail because: a. Wealthy districts reduced their property taxes b. Wealthy districts raised taxes to make up the difference c. Poor districts refuse to accept the money d. Moderate districts are left out of the funding decision According to the Coleman report, _____________ was the most important factor in student achievement. a. The educational funding level b. Teacher training c. The quality of school facilities d. The student's background The Coleman report found that underachieving students tended to all the following EXCEPT: a. Have a poor self-image b. Be uninterested in school c. Believe they could not control their environment d. Were likely to come from schools that were under funded Essentially the findings of the Coleman report on education were consistent with the: a. Conflict perspective b. Functionalist perspective c. Symbolic interactionist perspective d. Social-psychological perspective

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Which of the following is reflective of the conflict perspective on education? a. The low achievement among minority children is due to cultural deprivation b. Schools encourage diversity among students c. Schools punish students who do not conform to dominant values, attitudes, and habits d. Schools provide a source of social mobility in society An example of a social studies multicultural curriculum would include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Ban discussion about problematic issues such as race or religion b. Bring problematic issues such as race or religion to the forefront c. Increase emphasis on history and geography d. Use a narrative approach to history rather than memorization of names and dates The theory that our beliefs about ourselves are based on the messages we get from others is called: a. Interactionist approach b. Looking-glass self c. Conflict approach d. Micro theory In a study by Harvey and Slatin (1975), teachers were given pictures of children and asked to evaluate their chances of success. They said: a. Any of these children could succeed b. They were concerned about children who were shorter than average c. They had much higher expectations for white students d. They had much higher expectations for black students Educational tracking is the practice where: a. Students believed to be similar in ability are grouped together in separate classes with different curricula b. The educational attainment of minority students is improved c. Students are ranked based on their abilities in track and field d. Initial assignment to a particular track is rather inconsequential for a student Which of the following is false about tracking? a. Placement in tracks is influenced by race, Hispanic origin, and especially class b. Even when test scores are the same as middle-class students, lower-socioeconomic status students are placed in lower tracks c. Most students in low tracks move out of them within a year or two d. Students in low tracks are often denied the opportunities to take the courses they need to enter and succeed in college Research on detracking (eliminating tracking) has shown all the following EXCEPT: a. It has had little impact on the achievement of students formerly in low tracks b. It raises the achievement of students formerly in low tracks c. Overall achievement in detracked schools is at least as high as tracked schools d. At detracked schools the achievement of the top students may be less Black English has a verb tense called the habitual tense that is not present in standard English. Which of the following phrases represents the habitual tense? a. He workin' b. He be workin' c. He done been workin' d. He been workin'

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Which of the following is true about Black English? a. It has no standard rules concerning tenses, subjects and verbs b. Most white teachers respect the use of Black English c. Black English has standard rules concerning tenses, subjects and verbs d. Among blacks the use of Black English is uniform Which is the word for mixed English and Spanish used by Chicanos? a. Pochismos b. El troque c. Fanglais d. Calo All of the following factors are known to influence I.Q. test scores EXCEPT: a. Culture-specific content in tests b. The test situation c. Teacher expectations d. The kind of paper the test is written on I. Q. tests are supposed to test: a. What a person knows b. Innate ability c. Cultural standards of the dominant group d. What a person has learned in school Compensatory educational programs involve: a. Maintaining educational equality between races b. Blaming the victim c. Pre-school and supplementary programs for low income and minority children d. Community control of schools Head Start and desegregation through busing are consistent with which sociological perspective? a. Symbolic interactionism b. Social psychology c. Conflict theory d. Functionalism All of the following factors are important in how desegregation is carried out EXCEPT: a. The age of the children b. How receptive teachers are to this policy c. The geographic scope of the area to be desegregated d. Whether it mandates busing or lets parents choose Multiculturalism is a(n) _______ approach to education. a. Assimilationist b. Pluralist c. Separatist d. Defeatist

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Studies suggest that all of the following improves the ability of minority students in the classroom EXCEPT: a. Teachers believe students are capable of success b. The class is a pleasant, quiet, and orderly place c. There is an emphasis on basic reading and math skills d. Students have several recess breaks during the school day Between 1988 and 2005-6 school segregation actually increased somewhat. a. True b. False Schools with students from primarily the lower classes mainly stress conformity and obedience. a. True b. False Minority schools are more likely to be underfunded than white schools. a. True b. False The Coleman Report proved that quality of facilities is unimportant in minority education. a. True b. False Coleman found that underachieving children tended to have a poor self image. a. True b. False According to Conflict theorists the cause of lower achievement among minorities can be found in the characteristics of those groups. a. True b. False Recent studies show that minorities are often absent or stereotyped in academic materials. a. True b. False A self-fulfilling prophecy often operates in the classroom. a. True b. False Minority students are likely to do better in schools where teachers do not expect them to succeed. a. True b. False Black English has no standards or rules. a. True b. False

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ESSAY QUESTION Despite the opposition of George Wallace, the Governor of Alabama, African American students were finally admitted to attend the University of Alabama as indicated by the documentary we watched last week. No doubt, there was the eagerness among African American students in the 1960s to attend such institutions. What are the factors contributing to the reversal of the progress African Americans have made in higher education in the forty years? What are the indicators of this reversal?

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