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CorruptionisasignificantprobleminIndiaandmuchofthedevelopingworld.Theinefficiencies engenderedbycorruptioncanbeasignificantdrainonlocaldevelopment.Whilepolicymakersandthe manonthestreetrecognizetheimportanceoftheproblem,thesolutiontotheproblemisquitetricky and,asaresult,evadesconsensusonhowbesttoreducethemenace.Arecenteconomicresearch concludesthattherightcombinationofexternalauditandgrassrootsmonitoringbycommunity members,andcarefulimplementationofthesamemaybeeffectiveinreducingcorruption. Oneapproachtoreducingcorruptionsuggeststhattherightcombinationofmonitoringand punishmentscancontrolcorruption.Inpractice,however,theveryindividualstaskedwithmonitoring andenforcingpunishmentsmaythemselvesbecorruptible.Inthatcase,increasingthechancesthata lowlevelofficialwouldbemonitoredbyahigherlevelofficialwouldresultonlyinbribesandothersuch formsoftransfersbetweentheofficials,notinareductionincorruption. Analternativeapproachtoreducingcorruption,whichhasgainedprominenceinrecentyears,isto increasegrassrootsparticipationbycommunitymembersinlocallevelmonitoring.Community participationisnowregarded,inmuchofthedevelopmentcommunity,asthekeynotonlytoreduced corruptionbutalsotoimprovedpublicservicedeliverymoregenerally.Forexample,theentireWorld DevelopmentReport2004isdevotedtotheideaofputtingpoorpeopleatthecentreofservice provision:enablingthemtomonitoranddisciplineserviceproviders,amplifyingtheirvoicein policymakingandstrengtheningtheincentivesforserviceproviderstoservethepoor.Theideabehind thegrassrootsapproachisthatcommunitymembersarethepeoplewhobenefitfromasuccessful programme;therefore,theywouldhavestrongerincentivestomonitorcorruptionatthelocallevelthan disinterestedcentralgovernmentbureaucrats.
Q2
ThenineteenthCommonwealthGamesgotofftoaninspiringandmagnificentstarton3rdofOctober, 2010attheIndianCapitalwiththeopeningceremony,whichunfoldedwithoutanyglitch.The CommonwealthGames,2010,openingceremonywhichstartedon7P.M,putupabrilliantshowof morethantwohoursattheJawaharlalNehruStadium,Delhi.Theceremonybeautifullyportrayedand upholdedthegreatjourneyofIndiawithallitsuniquefeatures. TheopeningceremonyoftheCommonwealthGames2010,whichkickstartedthetwelvedayssport extravaganzawillcontinuetill14thofOctoberinNewDelhi.BoththeIndiansaswellastheforeigners weresimplymovedbytherichnessandprosperityoftheIndianculturethatwasallputtogetherto perfectionon3rdOctober,2010.Almost65,000peoplegatheredtowatchoutthemesmerizingshow putupbyIndiaattheCWG2010openingceremony.TheJawaharlalNehruStadiuminDelhiroaredwith therapturousapplaudsofthenumerousvisitors. ThePrinceofWalesi.e.PrinceCharlesandhiswifeandDuchessofCornwall,Camillawerepresentatthe openingceremonyofCWG,2010,whowereacquaintedtotheJawaharlalNehruStadiuminDelhi.They wereaccompaniedbytheIndianPrimeMinisterManmohanSinghandthePresidentofIndia,Prathiba Patil.TheCommonwealthGames2010openingceremonycommencedwiththenationalanthemof India.TheNagadadrummersalongwiththeShankhatrumpetersbeatthecountdownoftheopening ceremonyasthe"Aerostat"movedhighupintoglory. TraditionalclassicaldancersfromIndiashowcasedthegurushishyatraditionwhichwaspopularin ancientIndia.ManytraditionalandprestigiousdanceformslikeKathak,Bharatanatyam,Odissi, Mohiniattam,ManipuriandKuchipudiwereperformedbytalentedandpopularartistsalongwiththe 1
Q4
2
Solution:MyroleModelinMrAmirKhanandthisreportispresentedonAamirKhanandKiranRaoare blessedwithababyboy.MyselfArhaankhaninterviewingAmirkhanforAllkingkhansmagazine. Arhaankhan:Wearesurprisedtoknowaboutyourbabyboyasweneverheardofitearlier,Thenews tookthewholeindustrybysurprise,especiallybecauseKiranhadbeenspottedatdifferentevents withouttheleasthintofababybump,itisbecausethechildwasbornthroughIVFtoasurrogate mother. Amirkhan:YaDuetomedicalcomplications,wewereadvisedtohaveababythroughIVFsurrogacy, andwefeelverygratefultotheAlmightythatallhasgonewell.Wearehumbledbythegreatnessof God,themiraclesofscience,andthekindnessandloveofourfamiliesandfriendsinbeingthereforus whilerespectingourprivacy. Arhaankhan:okay,Wearegladforyoubothandwishalmightyshowerallblessingonyourbabyboy. AamirKhan:Thanksandwe(Meandkiran)feelverygratefultotheAlmightythatallhasgonewell.We arehumbledbythegreatnessofGod,themiraclesofscience,andthekindnessandloveofourfamilies andfriendsinbeingthereforuswhilerespectingourprivacy. Arhaan:ThanksAamiritwaspleasuretalkingtoyou.
Q.5 Solution:
1. Animals become extinct i. evolve into another species ii. die out iii. single species to disappear iv. very easily if their source of food goes v. mass extinctions vi. wiped out by the great explosions vii. dust clouds that shut out the sunlight viii. gradual changes in climate