COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF MADRE DE CACAO (Gliricidia sepium) LEAVES AND SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus) SEEDS MIXTURE

AND PEANUT (Arachis hypogaea) AND SQUASH (Cucurbita moschata) SEEDS MIXTURE AS FEED ADDITIVES ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF COBB BROILERS

A Baby Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Mindanao State University College of Education Training Department General Santos City

In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for Research II

Elvin Jay S. Tesoro Adriane Rafael M. Solano

January 2010

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The success story of this study would not have been written without the help of many people whose generosity are beyond compare. Hence, the researchers would like to acknowledge with gratitude their sincerest appreciation and heartfelt thanks for the valuable inspirations they extended that help them carve the destiny of this study to reality To Mrs. Elsie Villanueva, sincerest thanks are extended, who helped them point out the exact title of this study, for her unselfish and consistent guidance, advises, critical supervisions and sharing her knowledge in the field of specialization puts even though she has been so busy for her flight to United Kingdom for the masteral scholarship program; and to Ms. Esmaida Andang, their research adviser, for her suggestions in the refinement of this study, for sharing the researchers the most valuable inputs in this study, critical collaborations, and for going over the proposal and manuscript; To their beloved parents, Mr. and Mrs. Alicia Tesoro, and Mr. and Mrs. Edina Solano, special gratitude are given, who have the best of everything they dearly possess- love and understanding, advices, encouragements, unconditional supports of financial, spiritual, and moral aspect, that made them pursue their study conscientiously, vigorously, and with burning passion to the best of their ability; To the wholehearted support from their buddies, Arjan, Darmy, Peter, and Daniel, for the encouragement and understanding about their situation while they were conducting their experiment for almost two months that they barely attend their typical friendship talks;

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To all APUV Gang members and Dwight, Ang Dakilang Manniyot ng AG, as well as to all their classmates, grateful appreciations are extended for sharing some of their precious time attending them while imparting their most cherished mind, and challenges that steeled themselves in spirits which made them work harder than before to accomplish the task set before them; To Lolo Ramon who helped them feed and gave fresh water to the experimental broilers everyday, as well as weekly cleaning of broiler house while they were attending their studies and home tasks; To the authors brothers and sisters, and cousins especially Nathaniel, Angela, and KikKim who were always around for pretty sweet smiles, somehow became the source of strength showered upon even the world for them was turning upside-down; To the defense panelists of this study, namely, Mrs. Sheila M. Loable, Ms. Chrisma Lugares, and Mr. Jose Paolo dela Cruz, credits are conferred for giving them some fresh ideas and new insights for the improvement of this research paper, and for giving them a wonderful experience of a thesis defense; To all MSU teachers whom they crossed path in the school campus, you were part of this study, your words of wisdom they never forget that inspired them to succeed in this endeavor; And Above All, To the Almighty Father, who is always an ever gracious and benevolent God, for allowing them to let them see the light of the sun and the beauty of the world He created, for His never ending blessings, wisdom and guidance, and hope bestowed upon them throughout the years.

The Researchers

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Approval Sheet

A baby thesis presented hereto, entitled COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF MADRE DE CACAO (Gliricidia sepium) LEAVES AND SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus) SEEDS MIXTURE AND PEANUT (Arachis hypogaea) AND SQUASH (Cucurbita moschata) SEEDS MIXTURE AS FEED ADDITIVES ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF COBB BROILERS prepared and submitted by Elvin Jay S. Tesoro and Adriane Rafael M. Solano of Mindanao State University-College of Education Training Department, in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research II, is hereby accepted.

Elvin Jay S. Tesoro Researcher 1

Adriane Rafael M. Solano Researcher 2

Mr. Jose Paolo dela Cruz Panel 1 Mrs. Sheila Loable Panel 3

Ms. Chrisma Lugares Panel 2

Ms. Esmaida Andang Research Adviser

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Absract
This study sought to determine and compare the effects of ground mixture of madre de cacao leaves and sunflower seeds and the effects of ground mixture of peanut and squash seeds to the commercially available feeds in the market on the growth performance of Cobb broilers in terms of total feed consumption, total liveweight gain, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, and the IOFCC (Income Over Feed and Chick Cost). The study also aimed to compare which of the two mixtures is a more efficient feed additive. The study was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments replicated three times. Two broilers were assigned in each replication. The treatments of the study were the following: T0 (control group); T1 (mixture of madre de cacao leaves and sunflower seeds; and T2 (mixture of peanut and squash seeds). The efficiency of a treatment is reflected on how they positively and significantly affected the aforementioned data collected and computed from the set of experimental birds. The results showed that birds in T2 had the highest total feed consumed, total liveweight gained, IOFCC value, and the most efficient converters of feeds into body weight gained. These was followed by birds in T1, which also had the highest dressing percentage (birds in T2 had only the next), meaning the possibility of obtaining the greatest amount of meat is found in these birds. Finally, birds in T0 (control group) had the least performance of all the data considered. One-Way ANOVA and Tukey t test confirmed that there was significant difference between T0 and T2 means in terms of
feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, and IOFCC. Same was also true between T0

and T1 means. Moreover, the total liveweight gain mean in T2 was significantly different than those in T0, but the total liveweight gain mean in T1 is not. However, no significant difference was found between T1 and T2 on all the set of data. In accordance with the interpretations of the results, the researchers concluded that either of the feed additives tested at 10% level in the study can efficiently substitute the commercially available feeds in the market. But for improved effects, the researchers recommend the mixture of peanut and squash seeds as a better choice to increase total liveweight gained.

Table of Contents
Title Page Acknowledgements . Approval Sheet . Abstract .. Table of Contents.. List of Tables, Appendices, and Figures ... Chapter I: The Problem and Its Setting ... I.I Background of the Study .. I.2 Conceptual Framework ... I.3 Statement of the Problem ... I.4 Hypotheses ... I.5 Objectives and Significance of the Study .. I.6 Scope and Limitations .. I.7 Time and Place of the Study .... 1.8 Definition of Terms Chapter II: Review of Related Literature .. II.1 Poultry Chickens .... II.2 Broilers . II.3 Cobb Broilers .. II.4 Broiler Raising II.5 Sources of the Feed Additives of the Study .. II.5.1 Madre de cacao .. II.5.2 Sunflower . II.5.3 Peanut .. II.5.4 Squash . II.6 Chicken Feed .. II.7 Feed Additives . II.8 Nutrients ...

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II.9 Protein .. II.10 Vitamins and Minerals . II.11Cobb Feeding . II.12 Poultry Mashes ......... II.12.1 Chick Booster and Starter Mash.. II.12.2 Grower Mash .. II.13 Water Literature . II.14 Housing Facilities .. II.15 Brooding . II.16 Brooding Temperature and Lighting Facilities .. II.17 Feeders and Waterers ......
Chapter III: Methodology III.1 Materials Used III.2 Experimental Design and Treatments III.3 Preparation of the Experimental House . III.4 Selection of Experimental Chicks III.5 Preparation of the Feed Additives ... III.6 Brooder Stage ..... III.7 Grower Stage ...... III.8 Light Management .. III.9 Health and Sanitation Management . III. 10Water Consumption .. III.11 Data Gathering ... III.12 Statistical Tools .. Chapter IV: Results and Discussions

IV.1 Feed Consumption (FC) . IV.2 Total Liveweight Gain (TLG) .. IV.3 Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) . IV.4 Dressing Percentage (DP) .... IV.5 Income Over Feed and Chick and Cost (IOFCC) . IV.6 Weekly Feed Consumption and Liveweight Gain.. 4.7 Mortality Rate... vii

Chapter V: Summary, Conclusions, Recommendations, and Suggestions ... Appendices Bibliography.. Curriculum Vitae... Documentations
List of Tables Table 2.1 2.2 4.1 Required Nutrients of Broilers And Recommended Intakes Recommended Feed and Water Consumption of Cobb broilers Feed Consumption of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study Total Liveweight Gain of Cobb broilers influenced by the treatments of the study Feed Conversion Ratio of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study Dressing Percentage of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study Income Over Feed and Chick Cost of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study List of Appendices Appendix Table 1a 1b Feed Consumption (g) of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study Analysis of Variance on Feed Consumption of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study Page Page

4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5

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2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b 5a 5b

Total Liveweight Gain (g) of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study Analysis of Variance on Total Liveweight Gain of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study Feed Conversion Ratio of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study Analysis of Variance on Feed Conversion Ratio of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study Dressing Percentage (%) of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study Analysis of Variance on Dressing Percentage (%) of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study Income Over Feed and Chick and Cost (IOFCC) in Pesos of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study Analysis of Variance on Income Over Feed and Chick and Cost (IOFCC) in Pesos of Cobb broilers as influenced by the treatments of the study

Appendix Figure 1 2 Weekly Feed Consumption Weekly Weight Gain

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