Problem Set 200 Balance these equations by the ion-electron method, using balanced half-reactions, as discussed in this assignment.

Note: For a complete answer, each half-reaction must be devised in its final balanced form (appropriately simplified with no redundancies and no incorrect formulas), and then the final redox equation is devised (this also in appropriate simplified form with no redundancies and no incorrect formulas). Also desirable is to practice how to check for errors in your devised equations (by the techniques suggested in the discussion). acid 1. PbO2(s) + C2O42 acid 2. VO2+ + HSO3

Pb2+ + CO2(g)

base

VO2+ + SO42

3.

Bi2O3(s) + OCl base

BiO3 + Cl

4.

I2(s)

I + IO3 acid

5.

Cr2O72 + H2O2

Cr3+ + O2(g) neutral

(O2 comes from H2O2 only)

6.

ClO3 + Mn(OH)2(s)

acid

Cl + MnO2(s)

7.

Sb2O3(s) + IO3 + Cl base

HSb(OH)6 + ICl

8.

Zn(s) + NO3

Zn(OH)42 + NH3

Balance the following half-reactions. Also analyze the ox.no. change(s) occurring in each halfreaction, and state what element(s) is(are) being oxidized or reduced: acid 9. Fe2O3(s)

acid

Fe2+

10.

As2S3(s)

H3AsO4 + S(s) 00-111-200---PS

Partial answers for P.S. 200 : (Where only selective hints are given here, they should reveal whether your method and final answers are accurate. Complete answers can be expressed quite succinctly, as shown on the W&L web in Chemistry.) 1) Oxidation half-rxn, when balanced, should show 2 CO2(g) and 2 e on its right side Reduction half-rxn, when balanced, should show PbO2(s) and 4 H+ and 2e on left, and Pb2+ and 2 H2O on right. Redox eqn (the overall balanced equation) has a net charge of 2+ on left side and 2+ on right side, and NO e. NOTE: this question requires three distinct answers: the red. half-rxn, the ox. half-rxn, and the redox eqn. 2) Oxidation half-rxn, involving sulfur, when balanced, shows 2e on the right side. Reduction half-rxn, involving vanadium, when balanced, shows only one e on the left side. NOTE: In the process of devising the redox equation, the reduction half-rxn gets multiplied by 2 ; however, your original, balanced, reduction half-rxn (with original coefficients and its one e ) must be retained as is, as an intact answer, because that eqn (not the doubled version) is one of the three required answers to the problem. In devising the final redox eqn, some H+ and H2O cancel out (as well as the "free" electrons), yielding one H+ on left, and one H2O on right. In final balanced form, the redox eqn should have a net charge of 2+ on each side of eqn. 3) Reduction half-rxn, involving chlorine, needs to be balanced first by means of H+ / H2O and electrons. But then, 2 OH must be added to each side to accommodate the specified "basic" conditions. The special purpose of this action is, the 2 OH on the left side will "neutralize" the 2 H+ on the left side to become instead 2 H2O on the left side; so, make that adjustment to the left side of the eqn., also. Now the eqn is properly "basic". Finally, eliminate any redundancy (cancel one H2O from each side). Thus, the Red. half-rxn is 2 e + H2O + OCl Cl + 2 OH. Oxidation half-rxn, involving bismuth, gets balanced by a similar sequence of steps. But your first action is to balance the Bi atoms. The net Ox. half-rxn is 6 OH + Bi2O3(s) 2 BiO3 + 3 H2O + 4 e . Redox eqn, in proper final form, is 2 OCl + 2 OH + Bi2O3(s) 2 BiO3 + H2O + 2 Cl (after cancelling some redundant OH! and H2O and the "free" electrons). Note no H+ species appear in any final "basic" eqns. 4) Make sure the iodine atoms are balanced in each equation, and the conditions are made properly basic. Ox. half-rxn:12 OH + I2(s) 2 IO3 + 6 H2O + 10 e Red. half-rxn: 2 e + I2(s) 2 I Combining the half-rxns so that the e's cancel out, yields 12 OH + 6 I2(s) 2 IO3 + 6 H2O + 10 I ; but now the coefficients need to be simplified further (they can be divided through by 2), to get the correct answer: Redox eqn: 6 OH + 3 I2(s) IO3 + 3 H2O + 5 I . 5) Ox. half-rxn has 2 e on right; Red. half-rxn has 6 e on left. Redox eqn, in final simplest form, shows 8 H+ on left; and there is a net charge of 6+ on each side. 6) Ox. half-rxn:Mn(OH)2(s) MnO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e (It is OK to have H+ as a product in "neutral" rxn.) Red. half-rxn: 6 e + 3 H2O + ClO3 Cl + 6 OH (Here, H+ as a reactant had to be "neutralized" by addition of some OH to each side of the half-rxn; then some redundant H2O cancelled out to yield this final half-rxn.) Redox eqn: 3 Mn(OH)2(s) + ClO3 3 MnO2(s) + Cl + 3 H2O (Since 6 H+ and 6 OH are both being formed as products, the net effect is formation of 6 H2O instead; ultimately 3 H2O get cancelled out as redundancy.) 7) Ox.half-rxn has 4 e on left; Red.half-rxn has 4 e on right; Redox eqn has a net charge of zero on each side, after some redundant H+ and H2O gets cancelled from both sides. 8) Ox.half-rxn shows 2 e and 4 OH ; Red.half-rxn shows 8 e and 9 OH and 6 H2O (after several steps); Redox eqn shows 7 OH! + 6 H2O on its left side, and a net charge of 8 on each side, when in final balanced form. 9) The balanced half-rxn shows 2 e on the left, and shows a net charge of 4+ on each side; . Iron is being reduced from ox.no. +3 to ox.no. +2 (a change of one e per Fe atom) 10) Note that two elements are changing ox.no. simultaneously. In the balanced half-rxn, 10 e! appear on right side. Sulfur is being oxidized from 2 to 0 ; Arsenic is being oxidized from +3 to +5 also. 00-111-200---PS