List of natural disasters

List of natural disasters

A natural disaster is defined as a hazard which occurs naturally, that is a disaster that is not brought about by acts of human beings. A natural disaster might be caused by earthquakes, flooding, volcanic eruption, landslide, etc. In order to be classified as a disaster it will have profound environmental effect and/or human loss and frequently incurs financial loss.

Ten deadliest natural disasters

Death toll (estimate) Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 10000002,500,000*[1] 9000002,000,000[2] 830000[3] 500000[1] 230000[4] 300000[5] 250000300,000 242419 (the death toll has been estimated to be as high as 665,000)[1] 234117[1] 300000 1931 China floods 1887 Yellow River flood 1556 Shaanxi earthquake 1970 Bhola cyclone 2010 Haiti earthquake 1839 India Cyclone 526 Antioch earthquake 1976 Tangshan earthquake 1920 Haiyuan earthquake 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami China China Shaanxi Province, China July, November, 1931 September, October, 1887 January 23, 1556 Event Location Date

East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) November 13, 1970 Port-au-Prince, Haiti India Antioch, Turkey Tangshan, Hebei, China January 12, 2010 November 25, 1839 May 526 July 28, 1976

Haiyuan, Ningxia-Gansu, China December 16, 1920 Sumatra, Indonesia and also affected India, Sri Lanka, Maldives December 26, 2004

* Estimate by Nova's sources are close to 4 million and yet Encarta's sources report as few as 1 million. Expert estimates report wide variance. An alternative listing is given by Hough in his 2008 book Global Security.[6]

Ten deadliest natural disasters of the past century

List of natural disasters

Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Maximum Death toll 1450002,500,000 242419-779,000 300000-500,000 92000-316,000 234000 230210+ 142000 138000+ 138000 120000

Event* 1931 China floods 1976 Tangshan earthquake 1970 Bhola cyclone 2010 Haiti earthquake 1920 Haiyuan earthquake 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami China China

Location

Date November 1931 July 1976

East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) November 1970 Haiti China Indonesia January 2010 December 1920 December 2004 September 1923 May 2008 April 1991 October 1948

1923 Great Kanto earthquake Japan 2008 Cyclone Nargis 1991 Bangladesh cyclone 1948 Ashgabat earthquake Myanmar Bangladesh Turkmenistan

* Does not include industrial or technological accidents.

Lists of natural disasters

Avalanches
Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Death toll (estimate) 50000 4000 265 172 125 102 96 90 62 59 57 Event 1970 Huascarn avalanche; triggered by the 1970 Ancash earthquake[7] 1962 Huascarn avalanche[7] Winter of Terror 2010 Salang avalanches Kolka-Karmadon rock ice slide 2010 Kohistan avalanche Wellington, Washington avalanche Frank Slide 1910 Rogers Pass avalanche 1993 Bayburt zengili avalanche 1954 Blons avalanches Peru Peru Location Date 1970 1962

Austria-Switzerland 1951 Afghanistan Russia Pakistan United States Canada Canada Turkey Austria 2010 2002 2010 1910 1903 1910 1993 1954

Blizzards

List of natural disasters

Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Death toll (estimate) 4000 926 400 318 235 199 144 133 112 100 1972 Iran blizzard

Event

Location Iran Afghanistan

Date 1972 2008

2008 Afghanistan blizzard Great Blizzard of 1888 1993 North American Storm Complex Schoolhouse Blizzard Hakko-da Mountains incident Armistice Day Blizzard 2008 Chinese winter storms 1995 Kazakh Blizzard

United States 1888 United States 1993 United States 1888 Japan 1902

United States 1940 China Kazakhstan 2008 1995

Northeastern United States blizzard of 1978 United States 1978

Contractible diseases
Pandemics killing at least 1000000 people: Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Death toll (estimate) 100000000 approx. Black Death Event Location Date

Asia, Europe, Africa 1300s1720s Worldwide 19181920

50000000100,000,000 Spanish Flu 40000000100,000,000 Plague of Justinian 12000000 ? 5000000 4000000

Asia, Europe, Africa 540590 1850s1950s 165180 19561958

Third Pandemic of Bubonic Plague Worldwide Antonine Plague Asian Flu Roman Empire Worldwide

Other deadly communicable diseases. Death counts are historical totals unless indicated otherwise. Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Death toll (estimate) 300000000 approx. 200000000 ? 80000000250000000 40000000100000000 25250000 Disease Smallpox Measles Malaria Tuberculosis AIDS pandemic Notes 1900 to eradication.[8] Declared eradicated May 8, 1980.[9] last 150 years[10] 20th century present 20th century present[10] 1981present.

at least 250000 annually Seasonal influenza As of April 2009[11]

Cyclones

List of natural disasters

Rank Death toll 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 500,000 300,000

Event 1970 Bhola cyclone 1839 Indian cyclone

Location East Pakistan, Pakistan (now Bangladesh) India India China present day Bangladesh Myanmar Bangladesh Bombay, India China India

Date November 13, 1970 November 25, 1839 October 7, 1737 August 7, 1975 October 30, 1876 May 2, 2008 April 29, 1991 1882 August 1, 1922 October 5, 1864

300,000[12] 1737 Calcutta cyclone 210,000 Super Typhoon Ninacontributed to Banqiao Dam failure

200,000[13] Great Backerganj Cyclone of 1876 ~146,000 138,866 100,000 60,000 60,000 Cyclone Nargis 1991 Bangladesh cyclone 1882 Bombay cyclone 1922 Swatow Typhoon 1864 Calcutta Cyclone

Earthquakes
Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Death toll 830000 242419779,000 316000+ 250000 235502 230210 230000 200000 150000 142000 137000 123000[1] 110000 Event 1556 Shaanxi earthquake 1976 Tangshan earthquake 2010 Haiti earthquake 526 Antioch earthquake 1920 Haiyuan earthquake 2004 Indonesian earthquake 1138 Aleppo earthquake 856 Damghan earthquake 893 Ardabil earthquake 1923 Great Kanto earthquake 1730 Hokkaido earthquake 1908 Messina earthquake 1948 Ashgabat earthquake China China Haiti Antioch, Byzantine Empire (now Turkey) China Indonesia Syria Iran Iran Japan Japan Italy Turkmen SSR, Soviet Union (now Turkmenistan) Location Date January 23, 1556 July 28, 1976 January 12, 2010 May 526 December 16, 1920 December 26, 2004 October 11, 1138 December 22, 856 March 23, 893 September 1, 1923 1730 December 28, 1908 October 5, 1948

List of natural disasters

5 1290 Chihli earthquake 1755 Lisbon earthquake 1667 Shamakhi earthquake 2005 Kashmir earthquake 1727 Tabriz earthquake 1970 Ancash earthquake 1932 Changma earthquake 2008 Sichuan earthquake 1268 Cilicia earthquake 1693 Sicily earthquake 1935 Balochistan earthquake 1783 Calabrian earthquakes 1990 Manjil-Rudbar earthquake 1999 zmit earthquake China Portugal Azerbaijan Pakistan (disputed region) Iran Peru Gansu, China China Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (now Turkey) Italy September 27, 1290 November 1, 1755 November 1667 October 8, 2005 November 18, 1727 May 31, 1970 December 25, 1932 May 12, 2008 1268 January 11, 1693

14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

100000 100000 100000 79000 77000 70000 70000 68712 (18,392 missing) 60000 60000 60000 50000 50000 45000 40000 40000 40000 32962 30000 30000 28000 26271 25000 23700 23000 22066 20000 20000 19727

British India (now part of Pakistan) May 31, 1935 Italy Iran Turkey 1783 June 21, 1990 August 17, 1999 September 20, 1498 1797 1927 December 26, 1939 May 20, 1202 January 24, 1939 July 10, 1949 December 26, 2003 December 7, 1988 May 27, 1293 February 4, 1976 June 15, 1896 March 26, 1812 April 4, 1905 January 26, 2001

1498 Mei Nankaid earthquake Japan 1797 Riobamba earthquake 1927 Gulang earthquake 1939 Erzincan earthquake 1202 Syria earthquake 1939 Chilln earthquake 1949 Khait earthquake 2003 Bam earthquake 1988 Spitak earthquake 1293 Kamakura earthquake 1976 Guatemala earthquake 1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake 1812 Caracas earthquake 1905 Kangra earthquake 2001 Gujarat earthquake Ecuador Gansu, China Turkey Syria Chile Tajikistan Iran Armenia Japan Guatemala Japan Venezuela British India India

List of natural disasters

6 1970 Tonghai earthquake 1960 Agadir earthquake 1978 Tabas earthquake 1962 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake 1907 Qaratog earthquake 1968 Dasht-e Bayaz and Ferdows earthquake 1934 Bihar earthquake 1985 Mexico City earthquake 1509 Istanbul earthquake 1703 Apennine earthquakes 1703 Genroku earthquake 1854 Ansei-Nankai earthquake 1944 San Juan earthquake China Morocco Iran Iran Tajikistan Iran British India Mexico Istanbul, Ottoman Empire (now Turkey) Italy Japan Japan Argentina January 4, 1970 February 26, 1960 September 16, 1978 September 1, 1962 October 21, 1907 August 31, 1968 January 15, 1934 September 19, 1985 September 10, 1509 1703 December 31, 1703 December 24, 1854 January 15, 1944

43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

15621 15000 15000 12225 1200015000 12000 10500 10153 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000[14]

Famines
Please Note: Some of these famines may be partially or completely caused by humans. Death toll Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 8. 8. 11. 11. 15,000,00043,000,000 Great Chinese Famine 24,000,000 19,000,000 15,000,000 13,000,000 10,000,000 7,500,000 7,000,000-10,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 Chinese Famine of 1907 Indian Famine Bengal famine of 1770, incl. Bihar & Orissa Northern Chinese Famine Indian Great Famine of 187678 Great European Famine Soviet famine of 19321933 (Holodomor) Chinese Famine of 1936 Russian famine of 1921 Chinese Drought 1941 Chinese Famine of 19281930 China China British India India China India Europe (all) Soviet Union China Russia, Ukraine China China 19581961 1907 18961902 17691771 18761879 18761879 13151317 19321934 1936 19211922 1941 19281930 Event Location Date

List of natural disasters

7 Russian famine of 16011603 Vietnamese Famine of 1945 Deccan Famine of 163032 Bengal Famine of 1943 North Korean famine Great Irish Famine 19841985 famine in Ethiopia Horn of Africa famine Bangladesh famine of 1974Official records claim 26,000. However, various sources claim about 1,000,000. Finnish famine of 18661868 Russia (Muscovy) Vietnam India India North Korea Ireland Ethiopia Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia Bangladesh 16011603 19431945 16301630 1943 19961998 18461849 1984 1888 1974

13. 13. 13. 16. 17. 18. 18. 18. 21.

2,000,000 2,000,000 2,000,000 1,500,0004,000,000 1,200,000-3,500,000 1,000,0001,500,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 26,0001,000,000

22.

150,000+

Finland, northern 18661868 Sweden

Floods and landslides

Death toll Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 2,500,0003,700,000[15] 1931 China floods 900,0002,000,000 500,000700,000 231,000 1887 Yellow River (Huang He) flood 1938 Yellow River (Huang He) flood Banqiao Dam failure, result of Typhoon Nina. Approximately 86,000 people died from flooding and another 145,000 died during subsequent disease. 1935 Yangtze river flood St. Felix's Flood, storm surge Hanoi and Red River Delta flood 1911 Yangtze river flood St. Lucia's flood, storm surge North Sea flood, storm surge China China China China 1931 1887 1938 1975 Event Location Date

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

145,000 more than 100,000 100,000 100,000 50,00080,000 2,400

China Netherlands North Vietnam China Netherlands Netherlands, England, Belgium

1935 1530 1971 1911 1287 31 December 1953

Heat waves

List of natural disasters

Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Death toll 56,000 40,000

Event 2010 Russian heat wave 2003 European heat wave

Location Russia Europe

Date 2010 2003

5,00010,000 1988 United States heat wave United States 1988 1,700 1,500 946 891 739 1980 United States heat wave United States 1980 Southern India heat wave Los Angeles heat wave New York City heat wave 1995 Chicago heat wave India 2003

United States 1955 United States 1972 United States 1995[16]

Limnic eruptions
Rank 1. 2. Death toll 1,746 37 Event Lake Nyos Location Date

Cameroon 1986

Lake Monoun Cameroon 1984

Meteorites
Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Death toll 10,000 10 2 2 1 1 1 Location Shansi China Dun-le-Poelier Tunguska Zvezvan Nation China China France Russia Date February 3, 1490 [17] 588 AD January 31, 1879 June 30, 1908

Yugoslavia December 8, 1929 1874 January 16, 1825

Chin-kuei Shan China Oriang India

Storms (non-cyclone)
Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Death toll 15,100 1,000 500 250 242 Event Torrential rains and mudslides Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides Lofoten, Heavy storm Great Lakes Storm of 1913 1996 Amarnath Yatra tragedy Venezuela Brazil Norway United States and Canada (Great Lakes region) India Location Date 1999 2011 1849 1913 1996

List of natural disasters

9 Trndelag, storm ("Follastormen") Eyemouth, Scotland, storm ("Black Friday") Trndelag, storm ("Titran disaster") Norway United Kingdom Norway 1625 1881 1899 2008 1868

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

210 189 140 128 96

2008 Santa Catarina floods and mudslides Brazil Lofoten, storm Norway

Tornadoes
Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 6. 6. 9. 10. Death toll 1,300 923 695 681 600 500 500 500 440 400 Event The Daulatpur-Salturia Tornado 1969 East Pakistan Tornado The Tri-State Tornado 1973 Dhaka Tornado The Valetta, Malta Tornado The Sicily Tornado The Narail-Magura Tornadoes The Comoro Tornado The Tangail Tornado Location Manikganj, Bangladesh East Pakistan, Pakistan (now Bangladesh) United States (MissouriIllinoisIndiana) Bangladesh Malta Sicily, Two Sicilies (now Italy) Jessore, East Pakistan, Pakistan (now Bangladesh) Comoro Bangladesh Date April 26, 1989 1969 March 18, 1925 1973 1551 1851 1964 1951 1988 1984

The 1984 Ivanovo-Yaroslavl, Russia, Soviet Union (now Russia) Tornado

Tsunami
Death toll 230,210 Event Location Date

Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Maldives, Malaysia, Somalia, Bangladesh, Thailand Messina, Italy

December 26, 2004 1908 1755 1883 1707 1826 1868

123,000[1] 1908 Messina earthquake/tsunami 100,000 36,000 30,000 27,000 25,674

1755 Lisbon earthquake/tsunami/fire Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Ireland, and the United Kingdom (Cornwall) Caused by 1883 eruption of Krakatoa Indonesia 1707 Hei earthquake 1826 Japanese earthquake 1868 Arica earthquake/tsunami Tkaid/Nankaido, Japan Japan Arica, Chile

List of natural disasters

10 1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake 1792 Mount Unzen eruption in southwest Kysh /tsunami 1771 Great Yaeyama Tsunami Sanriku, Japan Kysh, Japan Yaeyama, Okinawa, Japan 1896 1792 1771

8. 9. 10.

22,070 15,030 12,000

Volcanic eruptions
Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Death toll 92,000 36,000 33,000 29,000 23,000 15,000 10,000 9,350 6,000 5,115 Event Mount Tambora (see also Year Without a Summer) Krakatoa Mount Vesuvius Mount Pele Nevado del Ruiz (Armero tragedy) Mount Unzen Mount Kelut Laki. Killed about 25% of the population (33% were killed about 70 years before by smallpox) Santa Maria Mount Kelut Location Indonesia Indonesia Pompeii and Herculaneum, Italy Martinique Colombia Japan Indonesia Iceland Guatemala Indonesia Date April 10, 1815 May 2627, 1883 August 24, 79 AD May 7 or May 8, 1902 November 13, 1985 1792 1586 June 8, 1783 1902 May 19, 1919

A supervolcanic eruption at Lake Toba around 74,000 years ago could have wiped out as much as 99% of the global human population, reducing the population from a possible 60 million to less than 10 thousand; see Toba catastrophe theory. However, this theory may not be widely accepted because the evidence could possibly be disputed, and there have been, for instance, no remains found. The eruption is not listed here as it was pre-historic and outside the scope of this article. Also, the Thera eruption in the Aegean Sea between 1550 and 1650 BC may have caused a large number of deaths throughout the region, from Crete to Egypt. See also La Garita Caldera, Yellowstone Caldera, and Supervolcanoes.

Wildfires and bushfires

Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Death toll Event Location Date

1,2002,500 Peshtigo Fire, Wisconsin 1,200 453 418 282 273 240 230 Kursha-2 Fire Cloquet Fire, Minnesota

United States October 8, 1871 Soviet Union August 3, 1936 United States October 12, 1918

Great Hinckley Fire, Minnesota United States September 1, 1894 Thumb Fire, Michigan Matheson Fire, Ontario Sumatra and Kalimantan Fires Landes region United States September 5, 1881 Canada Indonesia France July 29, 1916 1997 1949

List of natural disasters

11 Black Dragon Fire Black Saturday bushfires Fires of Needle Ridge Black Friday bushfires (1939) China Australia USA Australia May 1987 February 7 March 14, 2009 February 12 April 4, 1980 January 13, 1939

9. 10. 11. 12.

213 173 167 71

References
[1] The world's worst natural disasters Calamities of the 20th and 21st centuries (http:/ / www. cbc. ca/ world/ story/ 2008/ 05/ 08/ f-natural-disasters-history. html) CBC News'.' Retrieved 2010-10-29. [2] "NOVA Online | Flood! | Dealing with the Deluge" (http:/ / www. pbs. org/ wgbh/ nova/ flood/ deluge. html). Pbs.org. . Retrieved 2010-08-11. [3] "Top 10 Deadliest Earthquakes" (http:/ / www. time. com/ time/ specials/ packages/ article/ 0,28804,1953425_1953424,00. html). Time. January 13, 2010. . Retrieved May 8, 2010. [4] "Magnitude 7.0 - HAITI REGION" (http:/ / earthquake. usgs. gov/ earthquakes/ eqinthenews/ 2010/ us2010rja6/ #summary). Earthquake.usgs.gov. . Retrieved 2010-08-11. [5] "The Worst Natural Disasters by Death Toll" (http:/ / docs. lib. noaa. gov/ noaa_documents/ NOAA_related_docs/ death_toll_natural_disasters. pdf). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2008-04-06. . Retrieved 2011-03-11. [6] Understanding Global Security (http:/ / books. google. co. uk/ books?id=lMRneJvYvjUC& pg=PA192), Peter Hough, 2008, chapter 8, page 192, table 8.1 'The ten worst natural disasters in history' [7] "The Peru Earthquake: A Special Study" (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=FwcAAAAAMBAJ& pg=PA18). Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Oct 1970: 18. . [8] "UC Davis Magazine, Summer 2006: Epidemics on the Horizon" (http:/ / ucdavismagazine. ucdavis. edu/ issues/ su06/ feature_1b. html). . Retrieved 2008-01-03. [9] Smallpox and bioterrorism (http:/ / www. scielosp. org/ scielo. php?script=sci_arttext& pid=S0042-96862003001000014& lng=en& nrm=iso& tlng=en), Bulletin of the World Health Organization, vol. 81 no. 10 Genebra October 2003 ISSN 0042-9686 [10] "Torrey EF and Yolken RH. 2005. Their bugs are worse than their bite. Washington Post, April 3, p. B01" (http:/ / birdflubook. com/ a. php?id=40& t=p). Birdflubook.com. . Retrieved 2010-08-11. [11] Influenza (Seasonal) (http:/ / www. who. int/ mediacentre/ factsheets/ fs211/ en/ ), World Health Organization, April 2009. Retrieved 2010-02-13. [12] "10 'Worst' Natural Disasters" (http:/ / www. eas. slu. edu/ hazards. html). Eas.slu.edu. . Retrieved 2010-08-11. [13] ThinkQuest Team #C003603. "Hurricanes: case studies" (http:/ / library. thinkquest. org/ C003603/ english/ hurricanes/ casestudies. shtml). Library.thinkquest.org. . Retrieved 2010-08-11. [14] "Listado de Terremotos Histricos" (http:/ / www. inpres. gov. ar/ seismology/ seismology/ historic/ hist. panel. htm). Inpres.gov.ar. . Retrieved 2010-08-11. [15] "Worst Natural Disasters In History" (http:/ / www. nbc10. com/ news/ 4030540/ detail. html). Nbc10.com. . Retrieved 2010-08-11. [16] Eric Klinenberg (July 30, 2002). "Dead Heat: Why don't Americans sweat over heat-wave deaths?" (http:/ / www. slate. com/ id/ 2068612). Slate. . Retrieved 30 July 2010. [17] http:/ / delong. typepad. com/ sdj/ 2008/ 06/ reported-deaths. html

External links
When Nature Attacks (http://www.newsweek.com/id/135814) Newsweek World's worst natural disasters since 1900 (http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/forcesofnature/ natural-disasters.html) USGS Earthquake Hazards Program (http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/qed/) EM-DAT: The International Disaster Database. (http://www.emdat.be/) Managed by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters Emergency Management Australia, Disasters Database Report (http://www.ema.gov.au/EMA\emaDisasters. nsf/)

Article Sources and Contributors

12

Article Sources and Contributors

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