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Performance Measure Summary - Sacramento CA

There are several inventory and performance measures listed in the pages of this Urban Area Report for the years from 1982 to 2011. There is no single performance measure that experts agree says it all. A few key points should be recognized by users of the Urban Mobility Report data. Use the Trends The multi-year performance measures are better indicators, in most cases, than any single year. Examining a few measures over many years reduces the chance that data variations or the estimating procedures may have caused a "spike" in any single year. (5 years is 5 times better than 1 year ). Use several measures Each performance measure illustrates a different element of congestion. (The view is more interesting from atop several measures ). Compare to similar regions Congestion analyses that compare areas with similar characteristics (for example population, growth rate, road and public transportation system design) are usually more insightful than comparisons of different regions. (Los Angeles is not Peoria ). Compare ranking changes and performance measure values In some performance measures a small change in the value may cause a significant change in rank from one year to the next. This is the case when there are several regions with nearly the same value. (15 hours is only 1 hour more than 14 hours ). Consider the scope of improvement options Any improvement project in a corridor within most of the regions will only have a modest effect on the regional congestion level. (To have an effect on areawide congestion, there must be significant change in the system or service ).

Performance Measures and Definition of Terms


Travel Time Index A measure of congestion that focuses on each trip and each mile of travel. It is calculated as the ratio of travel time in the peak period to travel time in free-flow. A value of 1.30 indicates a 20-minute free-flow trip takes 26 minutes in the peak. Planning Time Index - a travel time reliability measure that represents the total travel time that should be planned for a trip. Computed with the 95th percentile travel time it represents the amount of time that shouldbe planned for a trip to be late for only 1 day a month. Computed with the 80th percentile travel time it represents the amount of time that should be planned for a trip to be late for only 1 day a week. A PTI of 3.00 means that for a 20-minute trip in light traffic, 60 minutes should be planned. Peak Commuters Number of travelers who begin a trip during the morning or evening peak travel periods (6 to 10 a.m. and 3 to 7 p.m.). "Commuters" are private vehicle users unless specifically noted. Annual Delay per Commuter A yearly sum of all the per-trip delays for those persons who travel in the peak period (6 to 10 a.m. and 3 to 7 p.m.). This measure illustrates the effect of the per-mile congestion as well as the length of each trip. Total Delay The overall size of the congestion problem. Measured by the total travel time above that needed to complete a trip at free-flow speeds. The ranking of total delay usually follows the population ranking (larger regions usually have more delay). CO2 per Commuter - represents the pounds of additional CO2 emissions generated by a commuter during a year due to traffic congestion. Free-Flow Speeds -- These values are derived from overnight speeds in the INRIX speed database. They are used as the national comparison thresholds. Other speed values may be appropriate for urban project evaluations or sub-regions studies. Excess Fuel Consumed Increased fuel consumption due to travel in congested conditions rather than freeflow conditions. Public Transportation Regular route service from all public transportation providers in an urban area. Operations Treatments Freeway incident management, freeway ramp metering, arterial street signal coordination and arterial street access management. Congestion Cost Value of travel delay for 2011 (estimated at $16.79 per hour of person travel and $86.81 per hour of truck time) and excess gasoline consumption (passenger vehicles) and diesel (trucks) estimated using state average cost per gallon. Urban Area The developed area (population density more than 1,000 persons per square mile) within a metropolitan region. The urban area boundaries change frequently (every year for most growing areas). The annual change in miles traveled and lane-miles, therefore, includes both new travel and roads due to growth and travel and roads that were previously in areas designated as rural. Number of Rush Hours Time when the road system might have congestion.

The Mobility Data for Sacramento CA


Inventory Measures
Urban Area Information Population (1000s) Rank Peak Travelers (1000s) Commuters (1000s) Freeway Daily Vehicle-Miles of Travel (1000s) Lane-Miles Arterial Streets Daily Vehicle-Miles of Travel (1000s) Lane-Miles Public Transportation Annual Psgr-Miles of Travel (millions) Annual Unlinked Psgr Trips (millions) Cost Components Value of Time ($/hour) Commercial Cost ($/hour) Gasoline ($/gallon) Diesel ($/gallon)

2011
1,895 24 1,031 933 15,556 835 14,377 2,421 171.4 31.4 16.79 86.81 3.51 3.65

2010
1,876 24 1,017 920 15,400 829 14,233 2,421 174.6 35.6 16.30 88.12 3.05 3.20

2009
1,850 24 1,001 906 15,300 825 14,200 2,420 175.8 35.9 16.01 89.75 2.61 2.71

2008
1,825 24 984 890 15,335 825 14,130 2,420 182.7 37.3 16.10 81.52 3.84 4.39

2007
1,800 23 968 876 15,955 825 14,135 2,390 166.8 35.8 15.47 82.56 3.24 3.60

2006
1,780 23 951 860 15,805 825 14,455 2,375 164.5 34.7 15.06 80.43 2.88 3.17

System Performance
Congested Travel (% of peak VMT) Congested System (% of lane-miles) Congested Time (number of "Rush Hours") Annual Excess Fuel Consumed Total Fuel (1000 gallons) Rank Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) Rank Annual Delay Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) Rank Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) Rank Travel Time Index Rank Commuter Stress Index Rank Freeway Planning Time Index (95th Pctile) Rank Freeway Planning Time Index (80th Pctile) Rank Excess CO2 Due to Congestion Congested CO2 (million pounds) Rank CO2 Per Peak Auto Commuter (pounds) Rank Truck Congestion Cost ($ millions) Truck Commodity Value ($ millions) Congestion Cost Total Cost ($ millions) Rank Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) Rank
Note: Zeroes in the table reflect values less than 0.5.

2011
81 60 4.00 16,384 35 13 60 39,138 31 32 47 1.20 27 1.22 37 3.01 41 1.68 30 254 39 207 84 172 52,561 834 30 669 50

2010
80 60 4.00 16,220 35 13 60 38,746 31 32 47 1.20 27 1.21 39 ----251 39 204 83 170 51,883 826 30 662 51

2009
77 57 4.00 15,754 34 13 66 37,252 31 30 55 1.19 31 1.20 42 ----244 41 204 83 173 51,181 787 30 630 58

2008
75 56 4.00 15,429 35 13 67 36,362 33 32 49 1.20 29 1.21 40 ----239 43 204 81 152 50,488 768 32 641 53

2007
76 56 4.75 21,736 28 19 45 48,990 27 43 33 1.26 23 1.27 30 ----337 36 307 66 205 49,805 998 27 848 39

2006
78 60 -22,880 28 19 46 51,592 26 44 32 1.27 21 ------355 34 307 68 --1,004 26 1,145 34

The Mobility Data for Sacramento CA


Inventory Measures
Urban Area Information Population (1000s) Rank Peak Travelers (1000s) Commuters (1000s) Freeway Daily Vehicle-Miles of Travel (1000s) Lane-Miles Arterial Streets Daily Vehicle-Miles of Travel (1000s) Lane-Miles Public Transportation Annual Psgr-Miles of Travel (millions) Annual Unlinked Psgr Trips (millions) Cost Components Value of Time ($/hour) Commercial Cost ($/hour) Gasoline ($/gallon) Diesel ($/gallon)

2005
1,740 25 922 835 15,415 785 14,305 2,345 142.2 32.9 14.58 78.05 2.62 2.93

2004
1,690 26 891 806 14,600 750 13,525 2,235 141.6 32.4 14.10 74.17 2.28 2.27

2003
1,650 27 865 782 13,900 725 12,310 2,190 139.7 30.5 13.73 72.23 1.78 1.79

2002
1,560 28 805 728 13,225 705 12,035 2,140 136.8 28.6 13.43 70.86 1.66 1.58

2001
1,470 29 747 676 12,650 690 11,725 2,120 147.2 29.6 13.22 71.38 1.93 1.78

2000
1,425 29 713 645 12,170 685 11,510 2,050 147.5 30.0 12.85 70.47 1.72 1.68

System Performance
Congested Travel (% of peak VMT) Congested System (% of lane-miles) Congested Time (number of "Rush Hours") Annual Excess Fuel Consumed Total Fuel (1000 gallons) Rank Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) Rank Annual Delay Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) Rank Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) Rank Travel Time Index Rank Commuter Stress Index Rank Freeway Planning Time Index (95th Pctile) Rank Freeway Planning Time Index (80th Pctile) Rank Excess CO2 Due to Congestion Congested CO2 (million pounds) Rank CO2 Per Peak Auto Commuter (pounds) Rank Truck Congestion Cost ($ millions) Truck Commodity Value ($ millions) Congestion Cost Total Cost ($ millions) Rank Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) Rank
Note: Zeroes in the table reflect values less than 0.5.

2005
79 60 -22,006 29 19 46 49,837 27 44 30 1.27 20 ------341 35 307 64 --932 26 1,087 36

2004
79 60 -20,767 30 18 49 46,634 27 42 30 1.27 20 ------322 37 281 70 --830 28 995 36

2003
78 60 -18,545 31 18 46 41,356 29 38 41 1.25 23 ------288 39 281 70 --705 29 868 44

2002
75 56 -16,484 32 16 53 36,735 29 37 42 1.23 31 ------256 40 256 76 --612 31 796 52

2001
74 56 -15,484 34 16 52 34,458 30 35 45 1.23 27 ------240 40 256 72 --576 29 796 46

2000
71 55 -14,117 34 14 62 32,076 31 34 45 1.21 37 ------219 41 230 74 --520 31 740 49

The Mobility Data for Sacramento CA


Inventory Measures
Urban Area Information Population (1000s) Rank Peak Travelers (1000s) Commuters (1000s) Freeway Daily Vehicle-Miles of Travel (1000s) Lane-Miles Arterial Streets Daily Vehicle-Miles of Travel (1000s) Lane-Miles Public Transportation Annual Psgr-Miles of Travel (millions) Annual Unlinked Psgr Trips (millions) Cost Components Value of Time ($/hour) Commercial Cost ($/hour) Gasoline ($/gallon) Diesel ($/gallon)

1999
1,390 29 684 619 11,490 680 11,350 2,010 145.5 30.2 12.43 66.76 1.59 1.50

1998
1,355 30 656 594 11,140 680 11,295 1,945 132.1 29.2 12.17 65.76 1.27 1.39

1997
1,300 30 619 560 10,470 680 11,680 1,920 120.0 26.0 11.98 66.83 1.40 1.51

1996
1,260 31 590 534 10,755 680 11,845 1,900 117.4 25.9 11.71 66.20 1.21 1.24

1995
1,240 31 572 517 10,550 680 10,910 1,875 107.9 24.1 11.37 64.27 1.27 1.31

1994
1,220 31 554 501 10,645 700 10,675 1,845 102.9 23.8 11.06 62.23 1.16 1.19

System Performance
Congested Travel (% of peak VMT) Congested System (% of lane-miles) Congested Time (number of "Rush Hours") Annual Excess Fuel Consumed Total Fuel (1000 gallons) Rank Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) Rank Annual Delay Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) Rank Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) Rank Travel Time Index Rank Commuter Stress Index Rank Freeway Planning Time Index (95th Pctile) Rank Freeway Planning Time Index (80th Pctile) Rank Excess CO2 Due to Congestion Congested CO2 (million pounds) Rank CO2 Per Peak Auto Commuter (pounds) Rank Truck Congestion Cost ($ millions) Truck Commodity Value ($ millions) Congestion Cost Total Cost ($ millions) Rank Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) Rank
Note: Zeroes in the table reflect values less than 0.5.

1999
70 55 -12,673 34 14 60 29,259 31 33 47 1.19 43 ------196 45 230 72 --449 31 656 51

1998
67 54 -11,873 34 13 61 27,990 31 32 44 1.18 44 ------184 45 204 76 --415 31 621 51

1997
64 51 -11,074 35 13 55 27,091 30 32 41 1.17 45 ------172 44 204 70 --397 30 620 46

1996
64 53 -11,714 34 14 41 28,823 30 35 22 1.18 35 ------182 37 230 60 --411 30 662 29

1995
64 53 -10,415 36 13 42 25,204 31 32 27 1.17 38 ------161 41 204 61 --349 30 572 35

1994
63 51 -10,506 33 13 36 25,403 30 32 20 1.17 33 ------163 38 204 57 --342 30 569 27

The Mobility Data for Sacramento CA


Inventory Measures
Urban Area Information Population (1000s) Rank Peak Travelers (1000s) Commuters (1000s) Freeway Daily Vehicle-Miles of Travel (1000s) Lane-Miles Arterial Streets Daily Vehicle-Miles of Travel (1000s) Lane-Miles Public Transportation Annual Psgr-Miles of Travel (millions) Annual Unlinked Psgr Trips (millions) Cost Components Value of Time ($/hour) Commercial Cost ($/hour) Gasoline ($/gallon) Diesel ($/gallon)

1993
1,205 31 537 486 10,280 700 10,505 1,820 96.8 21.9 10.78 60.84 1.23 1.26

1992
1,190 31 524 474 10,115 700 10,965 1,800 103.2 23.3 10.47 59.01 1.28 1.25

1991
1,165 31 503 455 9,640 670 11,325 1,795 105.9 23.4 10.17 57.31 1.11 1.25

1990
1,100 32 468 423 9,265 650 11,350 1,755 98.3 20.3 9.75 55.03 1.14 1.19

1989
1,065 33 449 407 9,300 650 11,065 1,735 85.3 17.5 9.25 52.81 1.14 1.09

1988
1,050 34 440 398 8,880 650 10,805 1,730 81.9 16.8 8.83 50.04 1.05 1.01

System Performance
Congested Travel (% of peak VMT) Congested System (% of lane-miles) Congested Time (number of "Rush Hours") Annual Excess Fuel Consumed Total Fuel (1000 gallons) Rank Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) Rank Annual Delay Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) Rank Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) Rank Travel Time Index Rank Commuter Stress Index Rank Freeway Planning Time Index (95th Pctile) Rank Freeway Planning Time Index (80th Pctile) Rank Excess CO2 Due to Congestion Congested CO2 (million pounds) Rank CO2 Per Peak Auto Commuter (pounds) Rank Truck Congestion Cost ($ millions) Truck Commodity Value ($ millions) Congestion Cost Total Cost ($ millions) Rank Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) Rank
Note: Zeroes in the table reflect values less than 0.5.

1993
59 50 -9,330 32 11 44 22,916 30 29 22 1.16 34 ------145 39 179 63 --300 30 505 29

1992
58 45 -9,415 30 11 37 23,371 26 30 14 1.16 22 ------146 37 179 57 --297 28 507 20

1991
56 45 -9,735 24 13 19 24,979 21 33 10 1.16 22 ------151 32 204 40 --305 22 531 15

1990
54 44 -9,428 24 13 18 24,614 21 34 9 1.16 21 ------146 31 204 38 --289 21 532 12

1989
54 40 -9,100 23 13 14 23,696 21 34 9 1.16 21 ------141 27 204 34 --264 21 503 11

1988
48 40 -7,473 25 11 17 19,928 21 29 12 1.13 25 ------116 30 179 31 --211 22 408 15

The Mobility Data for Sacramento CA


Inventory Measures
Urban Area Information Population (1000s) Rank Peak Travelers (1000s) Commuters (1000s) Freeway Daily Vehicle-Miles of Travel (1000s) Lane-Miles Arterial Streets Daily Vehicle-Miles of Travel (1000s) Lane-Miles Public Transportation Annual Psgr-Miles of Travel (millions) Annual Unlinked Psgr Trips (millions) Cost Components Value of Time ($/hour) Commercial Cost ($/hour) Gasoline ($/gallon) Diesel ($/gallon)

1987
995 35 414 375 8,245 650 9,915 1,725 85.0 14.3 8.48 48.53 1.05 1.01

1986
955 35 393 356 7,700 640 9,235 1,720 88.5 15.8 8.18 46.57 1.03 0.99

1985
910 35 372 337 7,250 630 8,825 1,715 98.8 16.6 8.03 47.83 1.35 1.29

1984
870 35 353 320 6,825 630 8,410 1,715 96.9 16.6 7.75 46.47 1.36 1.31

1983
845 36 341 308 6,140 630 8,215 1,690 96.9 16.6 7.43 44.23 1.39 1.34

1982
830 37 330 299 5,725 630 8,130 1,690 96.9 16.6 7.20 43.08 1.46 1.40

System Performance
Congested Travel (% of peak VMT) Congested System (% of lane-miles) Congested Time (number of "Rush Hours") Annual Excess Fuel Consumed Total Fuel (1000 gallons) Rank Fuel per Peak Auto Commuter (gallons) Rank Annual Delay Total Delay (1000s of person-hours) Rank Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (pers-hrs) Rank Travel Time Index Rank Commuter Stress Index Rank Freeway Planning Time Index (95th Pctile) Rank Freeway Planning Time Index (80th Pctile) Rank Excess CO2 Due to Congestion Congested CO2 (million pounds) Rank CO2 Per Peak Auto Commuter (pounds) Rank Truck Congestion Cost ($ millions) Truck Commodity Value ($ millions) Congestion Cost Total Cost ($ millions) Rank Cost per Peak Auto Commuter ($) Rank
Note: Zeroes in the table reflect values less than 0.5.

1987
39 35 -5,450 28 8 33 14,623 23 23 16 1.09 42 ------84 35 128 51 --149 23 304 22

1986
35 30 -4,319 31 6 45 11,332 27 18 23 1.08 46 ------67 36 102 58 --111 28 237 30

1985
29 29 -3,447 35 6 40 9,246 28 15 32 1.07 50 ------53 44 102 55 --92 28 205 34

1984
27 29 -2,917 36 5 45 7,876 30 14 32 1.06 54 ------45 47 77 57 --77 32 178 37

1983
23 27 -2,526 40 5 40 6,886 30 13 30 1.05 59 ------39 45 77 55 --64 33 154 42

1982
21 27 -2,210 39 3 59 6,133 30 11 36 1.05 57 ------34 44 51 74 --56 31 137 42

Benefits from Public Transportation Service and Operations Strategies in Sacramento CA

Operations Strategies
Freeway Ramp Metering Percent of Roadway Miles Annual Delay Reduction (1000 hours) Freeway Incident Management Cameras Percent of Roadway Miles Service Patrols Percent of Roadway Miles Annual Delay Reduction (1000 hours) Arterial Signal Coordination Percent of Roadway Miles Annual Delay Reduction (1000 hours) Arterial Access Management Percent of Roadway Miles Annual Delay Reduction (1000 hours) HOV Lanes Daily Passenger-miles of travel (1000s) HOV User Delay Savings Added Congestion if Operations Treatments were Discontinued Annual Delay Reduction (1000 hours) Annual Delay Saved per Peak Auto Commuter (hrs) Annual Congestion Cost Savings ($million)

2011
80 636

2010
80 629

2009
79 605

2008
80 537

2007
80 823

55 100 1,605 85 232 29 511 462 651

55 99 1,589 84 230 29 506 457 645

54 99 1,528 84 221 29 487 455 620

55 100 1,355 85 229 29 505 460 550

55 100 1,824 86 311 30 715 450 733

3,636 4 78

3,599 4 77

3,461 4 85

3,176 4 81

4,406 5 106

Public Transportation Service


Existing Service Annual Passenger-miles of travel (million) Unlinked Passenger Trips (million) Added Congestion if Public Transportation Service were Discontinued Annual Increase Delay (1000 hours) Delay per Peak Auto Commuter (hours) Congestion Cost ($million)
Note: Zeroes in the table reflect values less than 0.5.

2011
171 31

2010
175 36

2009
176 36

2008
183 37

2007
167 36

1,807 2 39

1,789 2 38

1,720 2 42

1,789 2 46

2,352 3 57

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