International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences

ISSN: 2229-3701

__________________________________________Research Paper

Comparative Physicochemical Evaluation of Some Marketed Hair Oils

Nitin B. Mahale*, Vinayak V. Awwal, Parth D. Thakkar and Sanjay R. Chaudhari
1Department

of Pharmaceutics, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India.

___________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT Hair is one of the vital parts of the body and a protective appendage on the body and considered accessory structure of integument along with sebaceous glands, sweat glands and nails. Hair oils are widely used by the consumer of the cosmetic industries. Many brands are available in the market under herbal hair oil category for the cooling effect to the scalp surface. These oils contain plant extractives and some agents that give cooling effect. Five Ayurvedic hair oils were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, i.e. color, odor, density, viscosity refractive index, pH, saponification value, acid value and peroxide value. The leading brands of hair oil in the market, Himani Navratna oil, Shanti maha thanda oil, Dabur supar thanda oil, Amla oil, himgold oil were standardized for their above physicochemical properties. The hair oil samples comply for the requirements of acid value, peroxide value and saponification value. In addition to this the containers for packaging of all the samples were light weight and made up of transparent polymer. These methods are simple and reproducible. Present investigation was undertaken to standardize the selected herbal hair oils on physicochemical parameters and some standards prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards. Key Words: Hair oil, Acid value, Peroxide value, Saponification value. INTRODUCTION1-4 Hair oils are widely used by the consumer of the cosmetic industries. Many brands are available in the market under herbal hair oil category for the cooling effect to the scalp surface. Quality control for efficacy and safety of herbal cosmetics is of paramount importance. Quality can be defined as the status of a drug that is determined by identity, purity, content and other chemical, physical, or biological properties or by manufacturing process. Quality control is a term that refers to processes involved in maintaining quality and validity of a manufactured product. Different parameters for quality control of hair oils are organoleptic evaluation like color, odor also determination of viscosity, density, acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, refractive index and pH. MATERIALS AND METHODS7-10 The marketed herbal hair oils, Himani Navratna oil (HNT), Dabur Super Thanda oil (DST), Shanti Maha Thanda tail (SMT), Himgold oil and Amla oil were purchased from local medical shop from Nasik, Maharashtra, India. Chemicals of analytical grade purity and distilled water were used in the preparation of reagents. All glassware used were washed with detergent solution and rinsed with distilled water before drying in the oven. The reagents required were purchased from the ________________________________________ *Address for correspondence: E-mail: nitinbmahale@yahoo.com Vol. 2 (3) Jul Sep 2011 Lobachem laboratories, Pune. The Abbes refractometer was used for refractive index determination. The digital pH meter was used for pH determination. All the experiments were performed in triplicate and the average values were reported. A) Physical evaluation 1) Viscosity Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either stress or tensional stress. It can be determined by following procedure a) Thoroughly clean the viscometer b) Mount the viscometer in vertical position on a suitable stand. c) Fill dry viscometer upto g mark. d) Count the time required in seconds for hair oil sample to flow from mark A to B. e) Repeat three times. f) Determine the densities of the liquids. 2) Density Density of material is defined as its mass per unit volume. It is determined by following formula Density= mass of oil / volume of oil in specific gravity bottle

www.ijrpbsonline.com

1107

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences

ISSN: 2229-3701

3) Refractive index The refractive index n, of a medium is defined as the ratio of the velocity c of a wave phenomenopn such as light or sound in a reference medium to the phase velocity, Vp in the medium itself.

B) Chemical evaluation 1) Acid value Acid value is the mass of potassium hydroxide in milligrams that is required to neutralize one gram of chemical substance. The acid number is a measure of the amount of carboxylic acid groups in a chemical compound, such as fatty acid, or in a mixture of compounds. The acid number is used to quantify the amount of acid present, in a oil sample. It is the quantity of base, expressed in milligrams of potassium hydroxide that is required to neutralize the acidic constituents in 1 gm of sample. Procedure a) Weigh accurately 0.5 gm of acid sample; add it to a mixture of 10 ml of alcohol and 10 ml of ether. If acid does not dissolve in a solvent mixture, warm it on water bath until it dissolves. b) Titrate solution of acid against 0.1 N sodium hydroxide and phenolphthalein as the indicator. c) Carry out blank titration by omitting the substance. d) Take readings and calculate acid value using formula. Acid value= 5.61*n/w. Where, n= no. of ml of 0.1 N NaOH required W= weight of substance in gm. 2) Peroxide value 1) Take 5 gm of substance in clean 250ml flask with stopper; add 30 ml of mixture 3 volume of glacial acetic acid and 2 volume of chloroform. 2) Shake the flask until substance get dissolves, add 0.5ml of Vol. 2 (3) Jul Sep 2011

saturated solution of KI, then allow to stand for 1 min. 3) With shaking add 30 ml of water and titrate gradually with vigorous shaking with 0.01M sodium thiosulphate until yellow color disappear and continue titration until the blue color just disappear 4) Carry out the blank titration omitting substance. The volume of 0.01M sodium thiosulphate should not exceed 0.1ml. Peroxide value = 10*a-b/w. Where, a = ml of NaOH required to neutralize the substance. b = ml of NaOH required for blank w = weight of substance in gm. 3) Saponification value Saponification value represents the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide required to saponify 1g of fat under the condition specified. It is a measure of the average molecular weight of all the fatty acid present. The long chain fatty acids found in fats have low saponification value because they have a relatively fewer number of carboxylic functional groups per unit mass of the fat as compared to short chain fatty acids. If more base are required to saponify N grams of fat then there are more moles of the fat the chain lengths are relatively small. a) Procedure Weigh accurately 0.5 gm of fatty acid ester and transfer in to round bottom flask add 15 ml of alcoholic potassium hydroxide to it and reflux for about an hour. Reflux separately 15 ml of alcoholic potassium hydroxide on boiling water bath for about an hour as blank reading. Cool bath and titrate separately against 0.5 N Hydrochloric acid using phenolphthalein as indicator. Carry out blank titration omitting substance. Take reading and calculate Saponification value.

b)

c)

d) e)

www.ijrpbsonline.com

1108

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences

ISSN: 2229-3701

Saponification value= 28.05(b-a)*w

Where, a= ml of KOH required to neutralize the substance b= ml of KOH required for blank. W= weight of substance in gm.

DABUR AMLA HAIR OIL

HIMANI NAVRATNA TEL

SHANTI MAHA THANDA OIL

DABUR SUPER THANDA OIL

HIMGOLD OIL

Vol. 2 (3) Jul Sep 2011

www.ijrpbsonline.com

1109

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences

ISSN: 2229-3701

RESULT AND DISCUSSION The leading brands of hair oil in the market, Himani Navratna oil, Shanti maha thanda oil, Dabur supar thanda oil, Amla oil, himgold oil were standardized for their physicochemical properties. The hair oil samples comply for the requirements of acid value, peroxide value and saponification value. The color and odor of the oils was characteristic of their active constituent. The

viscosity of the hair oils ranges from 18.710 cp (SMT) to 39.462 cp (Himgold oil). Acid value of all the oils was found to be near about same, ranging from 0.732 to 0.921, whereas peroxide value was found to be ranging from 1.98 meq/1000gm (Himgold oil) to 3.11 meq/1000gm (Amla oil). The pH of all hair oils was found to be near about neutral, 6.3 of HNT, SMT and 7.3 of Amla oil.

Table 1: Evaluation of marketed Herbal hair oils

S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
n=3

Parameters Color Odour Density Viscosity Refractive index Saponification value Acid value Peroxide value (meq/1000gm) pH

HNT Orange red Aromatic 1.006 35.971cp 1.458 235 0.865 2.91 6.3

DST Orange red Aromatic 0.913 31.580cp 1.466 149 0.740 2.34 6.5

Himgold oil Light green Aromatic 0.956 39.462cp 1.322 242 0.732 1.98 6.4

Amla oil Light green Aromatic 0.825 21.593cp 1.023 189 0.921 3.11 7.3

SMT Pinkish red Aromatic 1.009 18.710cp 1.236 233 0.781 2.64 6.3

Table 2: The Weight of Packaging Material

S. No. 1 2 3
n=3

Parameters Weight of outer cartoon Total weight of bottle with label Weight of screw cap only

HNT 6.59gm 12.60gm 4.61gm

DST 10.0gm 42.0gm 3.21gm

Himtaj oil 8.0gm 15.0gm 3.54gm

Amla oil 9.0gm 52gm 3.92gm

SMT 8.0gm 12.54gm 2.39gm

CONCLUSION The leading brands of hair oil in the market ,Himani Navratna oil, Shanti maha thanda oil, Dabur super thanda oil, Ayurvedic Amla oil , himgold oil were standardized for their physicochemical properties and some parameters required by BIS. The observations were as shown in table 1 and 2. All the samples complies the requirements for acid value, peroxide values prescribed by BIS. In addition to this the containers for packaging of all the samples were light weight and made up of transparent polymer. These methods are simple and reproducible. Present findings suggest the selected parameters may be used in the standardization of herbal hair oil. REFERENCES 1. 2. Bureau of Indian standards, BIS Specification. IS 7123:1993. Mukherjee PR. Quality control of herbal drugs, Business horizon publishers Bombay, 2008;308:57-58. Vol. 2 (3) Jul Sep 2011

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Kokate CK, Purohit AP and Gokhale SB. Pharmacognosy, Nirali publications. 2008;42:10.41-10.46. Yadav P, Harisha CR and Prajapati PK. Pharmacognostical and physicochemical evaluation of Agasti leaf. Int J Ayurveda Res. 1(4):231236. Indian Pharmacopoeia- 1996, ministry of health and family welfare, Controller of publications, Govt. of India, volume 1: A78. Wiedermann U. Vitamin A deficiency increases inflammatory responses. Cand J immunol. 44(6):578-584. Khandelwal KR. Practical Pharmacognosy Techniques and Experiments, Nirali publication, Pune. 2009;9:157-161. More HN and Hajare AA. Practical physical Pharmacy, Career Publications, Nashik 1:111-118. Chatwal GR and Anand SK. Refractometry, Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis, Himalaya publishing house, Chandigarh, 2004;36:2.566-2.587. 1110

www.ijrpbsonline.com

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences

ISSN: 2229-3701

10. Skoog DA, Holler FJ and Nieman TA. Refractometry, Principles of instrumental analysis, Saunders College publishing. 1998; 5:674-697. 11. Lachman L, Liberman HA and Kanig JL. Basic chemical principles related to

emulsion and suspension dosage forms, The theory and practice of industrial pharmacy. 3rd ed. Varghese publishing house, Bombay. 1987:346-371. 12. Planta indica, Controller of publication, 2008;4(3):53.

Vol. 2 (3) Jul Sep 2011

www.ijrpbsonline.com

1111