Sei sulla pagina 1di 37

A Stepped Spillway Preceded by a Supercritical Flow Channel

Harold Huff H d H ld H ff Hydraulic Engineer li E i Sacramento District Corps of Engineers June 14, 2011

US Army Corps of Engineers

BUILDING STRONG

General Location - Folsom Dam

BUILDING STRONG

Location of Folsom Dam

BUILDING STRONG

Folsom Dam
Dam Safety Only 65% PMF Capacity

Flood Protection D/S Levee Capacity 160,000 f 160 000 cfs Lower Outlets 25,000 cfs

BUILDING STRONG

Folsom Dam JFP


Main Dam

Control Structure Spillway Chute Approach A h Channel

BUILDING STRONG

Folsom Dam JFP


Spillway Chute

Stilling Basin

Stepped Chute

BUILDING STRONG

Background
CORPS CONSTRUCTED DAM IN 1950S DAM TURNED OVER RECLAMATION ( (HYDROPOWER AND WATER SUPPLY) ) RECENTY HISTORY CORPS AUTHORIZED TO INCREASE FLOOD REDUCTION CAPABILITY OF DAM; USBR FOR DAM SAFETY PROJECT

BUILDING STRONG

JOINT FEDERAL PROJECT


CORPS MODS TO MAIN DAM PROJECT TOO COSTLY USBR FUSE PLUG SPILLWAY INCL LONG EXCAVATED CHUTE BETWEEN DAM EMBANKMENT AND FOLSOM PRISON CORPS BEST ALT FOR MODS PROJ AUX SPWY WITH SUBMERGED GATE; SAME ALIGNMENT AS FUSE PLUG
BUILDING STRONG

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
PMF Q = 320K CFS; FC DESIGN Q = 135K CFS THRU AUX SPWY LIMITED SPACE FOR AUXILIARY SPWY; SPWY 6 34 HIGH BY 23 WIDE SUBMERGED (BY 100 +) TAINTER GATES IN CONTROL STRUCTURE ; CHUTE WIDTH = 169; HIGH UNIT Q q = 800 (DES) AND 1900 (PMF) CFS/FT

BUILDING STRONG

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
2100 LONG CONCRETE LINED, RECTANGULAR CHUTE; SLOPE OF 2% BASED ON ROCK LINE RESULTED IN VERY HIGH VELOCITIES V = 67 FPS FOR 135k CFS & 80 /SEC FOR 320k CFS @ DOWNSTREAM END OF CHUTE

BUILDING STRONG

Stepped Spillway in Supercritical Spillway Chute


Design Flow (135,000 cfs)
800 cfs/ft f /ft 78 ft/sec - Max 3.7 - Froude # 10.8 ft - Depth

Maximum Flow (320,000 cfs)


1,900 1 900 cfs/ft 84 ft/sec - Max 2.8 2 8 - Froude # 23.2 ft - Depth

11

BUILDING STRONG

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
STEPPED CHUTE U/S OF A STILLING BASIN SELECTED INSTEAD OF MORE CONVENTIONAL PARABOLIC DROP / STILLING BASIN BASED ON COMPARATIVE COSTS. OVERALL INVERT PROFILE WAS BASED ON A PARABOLIC DROP EQ. STEP HEIGHTS VARY FROM ABOUT 0.8 AT U/S END TO 3 (MOST ARE 3)
BUILDING STRONG

Stepped Spillway in Supercritical Spillway Chute


S=0.02 Y=0.02*X+0.000472406*X
2

1V:2.483555158H

Stilling Basin

13

BUILDING STRONG

DESIGN CONCERNS
ENERGY DISSIPATION INTERACTION OF STEPS AND BASIN CAVITATION POTENTIAL ABRASION OF STEPS NEED FOR ADDED AERATION DURABILITY / MAINTENANCE LOADINGS FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN
BUILDING STRONG

MODELS HELP ADDRESS CONCERNS


SAFL 1:26 SCALE PHYSICAL MODEL USBR 1:48 SCALE PHYSICAL MODEL USBR LAPC CAVITATION MODELING USBR CFD (FLOW-3D) ALDEN LABS CHECK OF CFD RESULTS

BUILDING STRONG

SAFL 1:26 SCALE MODEL

16

BUILDING STRONG

SAFL 1:26 SCALE MODEL

17

BUILDING STRONG

SAFL 1:26 SCALE MODEL

18

BUILDING STRONG

BUILDING STRONG

SAFL 1:26 SCALE MODEL

Q = 22,000 cfs 22 000


20 BUILDING STRONG

Stepped Spillway 135K CFS

Q = 135,000 cfs
21 BUILDING STRONG

SAFL 1:26 MODEL


Q = 322,000 cfs

22

BUILDING STRONG

VELOCITY DATA LOCATIONS


Profile of Stepped Spillway
340 320 300 280

Velocity Profile y @ Step 0

Velocity Profile @ Step 32

Elevation, feet

260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 31+00 32+00 33+00 34+00 35+00 36+00
23

Velocity Profile @ Step 61

37+00

38+00

39+00

40+00

Station, feet
BUILDING STRONG

135,000 CFS VELOCITIES ,


12 10
Step 0_5 Step 0_4 Step 0_3 Step 0_2

Step 0_1 Step 32 5 St 32_5

Depth (ft)

Step 32_4 Step 32_3

Step 32_2 Step 32_1 Step 61_5 Step 61_4

Step 61_3 Step 61_2 Step 61_1

0 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115

Velocity (ft/sec)

BUILDING STRONG

320,000 320 000 CFS VELOCITIES


25
Step 0_5 Step 0_4 0 4 Step 0_3

20

Step 0_2 Step 0_1 Step 32_5 Step 32_4

Depth (ft)

Step 32_3

15

Step 32_2 Step 32_1 Step 61_5 Step 61_4 Step 61 3 St 61_3

10

Step 61_2 Step 61_1

0 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

Velocity (ft/sec)

BUILDING STRONG

SAFL ENERGY LOSS


Discharge 22,508 89,969 113,049 Total Energy Loss 93% 86% 83% Stepped Spillway Energy Loss Stilling Basin illi i Energy Loss -

139,049 139 049


158,249

80%
78%

55%
-

25%
-

301,710

67%

34%
26

33%
BUILDING STRONG

ENERGY LOSS CONFIRMATIONS


ANALYTICAL COMPUTATIONS USBR CFD MODEL USBR 1 48 SCALE PHYSICAL MODEL 1:48 CFD MODEL AT ALDEN LABS ANALYTICAL COMPS ABOUT 10% LOWER THAN OTHERS MODELS WERE CLOSE.
BUILDING STRONG

USBR CFD MODELING


Design Flow (135,000 cfs)
Step 1 Velocity (ft/s) Step 1 Pressure (psi)

28

BUILDING STRONG

USBR CFD MODELING


Design Flow (135,000 cfs)
Step 35 Velocity (ft/s) Step 35 Pressure (psi)

29

BUILDING STRONG

USBR CFD MODELING


Design Flow (135,000 cfs)
Step 67 Velocity (ft/s) Step 67 Pressure (psi)

30

BUILDING STRONG

LAPC @ USBR LAB

BUILDING STRONG

Test section for atmospheric work on laboratory floor.

BUILDING STRONG

Step 4 velocity magnitude

PIV data (large steps-slope 0.4)


Step 14 velocity magnitude

BUILDING STRONG

Incipient Cavitation = 0 68 0.68

BUILDING STRONG

Cavitation Index = 0 44 0.44

BUILDING STRONG

MODELING ADDRESSED
ENERGY DISSIPATION INTERACTION OF STEPS AND BASIN CAVITATION POTENTIAL

BUILDING STRONG

MODELING NOT FULLY ADDRESSED


ABRASION-DURABILITY-MAINTENANCE ABRASION DURABILITY MAINTENANCE NEED FOR ADDED AERATION LOADINGS FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN

BUILDING STRONG

Potrebbero piacerti anche