Course Layout

Engineering Design Optimization AE-310

Prof. Rajkumar S. Pant

rkpant@aero.iitb.ac.in

&

Prof. R. P. Shimpi

rpshimpi@aero.iitb.ac.in

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Background
Started as Optimization for Engg. Design
Core course M. Tech. (Systems Design & Engg.) Elective for B. Tech. (Aerospace) & M. Tech

Became very popular, almost entire batch took it Converted to UG Core in 2008 Taught by two instructors
RSP (Theory, Calculus based Methods, Special Topics) RPS (Evolutionary Algorithms)

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Syllabus
Introduction: Design process, problem formulation in design, design variables, objective function, equality and inequality constraints, classification of optimization problems, local and global optima, nonlinear and linear problems. Theoretical Concepts: Unconstrained optima, Constrained optima, Lagrange multipliers, Post optimality analysis. Linear Programming: Problem definition, basic concepts and LP terminology, Simplex method, 2-phase Simplex Calculus based Optimization Methods: Non-linear programming, steepest descent, conjugate-gradient method, Newtons methods, BFGS, SLP algorithm, CSD method Meta Modeling techniques, Multi-criteria Optimization, Introduction to Multi-disciplinary Design Optimization Evolutionary methods: Genetic Algorithms, Simulated Annealing, Ant Colony, Particle Swarm Optimization.

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Books / Reference Texts

Arora, J. S., Introduction to Optimum Design, McGraw-Hill, 1989. Rao, S. S., Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice, 3rd edition, New Age International, 1998. Deb, K., Optimization for Engineering Design-Algorithms and Examples, Prentice Hall India, 1995. Goldberg, D., Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning, ISBN-13: 978-0201157673, Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 2001
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Six Capsules
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Introduction to Engg. Design & Optimization (4) Theoretical Concepts Linear Programming Gradient Based Methods Evolutionary Optimization Special Topics (4) (2) (4) (8) (2)

Figures in brackets indicate 90-min lectures for each topic

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Introduction to Design and Optimal Design Formulation

Prof. Rajkumar S. Pant Aerospace Engineering Department

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INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN

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Aims
Overall process of designing systems Distinguish between Design & Analysis Conventional v/s Optimum Design process

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The Design Process

Needs & Objectives

System Specs

Preliminary Design

Detailed Design

Prototype Fabrication System Testing

Final Design

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Design v/s Analysis

Parameters Analysis Response

Desired Response

Design

Parameters

Analysis

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Conventional v/s Optimal Design

Conventional design process
Less formal approach Based on past experience, heuristics & thumb-rules Can be time consuming, inefficient, uneconomical

Optimum design process

Rigorous formulation of the problem Identification of design variables, Obj. function & constraints Better insight to the problem

Interactive Design Optimization

Optimum design process aided by designers interaction

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Conventional Design Process

Describe the system using past data Choose a starting design based on experience Carry out system analysis Check performance criteria Change design based on past data / heuristics Yes Stop
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OK ? No

AE-310 Engineering Design Optimization

Optimal Design Process

Identify Design Variable(s), Constraint(s) & Objective Function(s) System identification using data collection Estimate Initial design Carry out system analysis Check constraints Change design using Optimization
Converged ?

Yes Stop
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No

AE-310 Engineering Design Optimization

Optimal Design Process

Why Computer Aided Optimum Design ?
More accurate analysis of engineering systems Iterative nature of design Better display of complex design data Decision making capabilities to allow human interaction

Problem Formulation
Transcribing a verbal description to a mathematical statement Takes nearly 50% of the effort required for problem solving
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Optimization Problem Statement

Find x = [x1, x2, x3 , xn] that minimizes f (x), subject to gj(x) 0 j = 1, 2, 3, m hk(x) = 0 k = 1, 2, 3, p x = xi, i = 1, n ui xi li, i = 1, n f (x) gj(x) hk(x) n Design Variables Bounds on n Design Variables Objective Function m Inequality Constraint p Equality Constraint

Note: f (x) could also be f (x) Multi-criteria Optimization

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Steps in Problem Formulation

Identification of Design Variables (DVs)
Set of variables that describe the system Values of DVs represent a solution DVs should preferably be independent of each other

Identification of Objective Function(s) (OF)

Criteria for comparison of various design solutions Should be a function of DVs Optimum solution ==> minimum or maximum value of OF

Identification of Design Constraints (DCs)

Limitation on values of certain parameters for design feasibility Must be expressed in terms of DVs Could be Inequality or Equality
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5-step problem formulation process

1. Problem statement 2. Data and information collection 3. Identification/definition of design variables 4. Identification of constraints 5. Identification of a criterion to be optimized
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1993-2000

MY EARLY EXPERIENCES

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First research paper

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Problem Formulation

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Classification of parameters

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Design & Optimization Procedure

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Aircraft Design

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Problem Formulation

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Constraint Analysis using Optimization

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Constraint Analysis using Optimization

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Constraint Analysis: Graphical Method

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AE-310 Engineering Design Optimization

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Next Class on Friday 11 Jan

EXAMPLE OF PROBLEM FORMULATION

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