Draft (Shell) of 2012 AEMP Presentation

Click to edit Master subtitle style

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

Everything Starts with Combustion

Combustion byproducts
Heat (generates mechanical work) Oxidized hydrocarbons Oxides of Nitrogen Water Acids Soot precursors Deposit precursors Fuel dilution

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

The Recent Pathway to New HD Engine Lubricants

6.7 6.7 7.0

5.4 5.0

7
3.5

3.3 0.134 0.33

NOx, g/kW-hr

0.134 0.10 2.0 1.5 0.134 0.013 0.27 0.4 0.4 0.02 0.01 0.013 0.02 0.02

0.25

1991 CF-4 1996 Euro II E2, E3 1994 CG-4

0
Pa rtic

ula

tes

,g

/kW

-h

0.5

2007 2008 CJ-4 2010 Euro V 2008 - 2015 2013 Tier 4 Euro VI

2005 Euro IV E6, E7

2002 CI-4 E5

2000 Euro III E4

1998 CH-4

Euro and ACEA E specs US on-highway and API specs US non-road specs

Emissions Specifications

Engines

Lubricant Categories

Lubricant Formulations

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

US and European Heavy Duty Emissions and Oil Specifications

6.7 6.7 7.0

5.4 5.0

7
3.5

3.3 0.134 0.33

NOx, g/kW-hr

0.134 0.10 2.0 1.5 0.134 0.013 0.27 0.4 0.4 0.02 0.01 0.013 0.02 0.02

0.25

1991 CF-4 1996 Euro II E2, E3 1994 CG-4

0
Pa rtic

ula

tes

,g

/kW

-h

0.5

2007 2008 CJ-4 2010 Euro V 2008 - 2015 2013 Tier 4 Euro VI

2005 Euro IV E6, E7

2002 CI-4 E5

2000 Euro III E4

1998 CH-4

Euro and ACEA E specs US on-highway and API specs US non-road specs

2.0
nt ires requ reatme 0.9 ert elow x aft O x b lus NO N Rp d EG

1.5

3 0.013 0.02

NOx, g/kW-hr

coole

0.4

0.04 0.02

0.27

0.013

ires equ .1 r w 0 filter belo te tes rticula la pa ticu Par diesel

0.01

Regulated Emissions Include: Particulates NOx Non-methane hydrocarbons CO smoke

Pa

rt g/k icula W tes 0.2 -h r ,

2007 2008 CJ-4 Euro V 2010 2008-2015 2013 Tier 4 Euro VI

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

API HD 4-Stroke-Cycle Lubricant Category Evolution

Category Intro Year CD 1972 1G2 L-38 CF 1994 1MPC L-38 CE 1988 1G2 T-7 T-6 NTC400 L-38 CF-4 1991 1K T-7 T-6 NTC400 L-38 CG-4 1994 1N T-8 RFWT IIIE CBT L-38 Foam CH-4 1998 1P 1K T-9 T-8E M11 RFWT IIIE HEUI HTCBT Foam Shear CI-4 Plus 2002 1R 1K or 1N T-10 T-11 M11 EGR RFWT IIIF HEUI HTCBT Foam Shear, 30 cycle HTHS Elastomer Volatility Pumpability CJ-4 2007 C13 1N T-12 T-11 ISM ISB RFWT IIIF HEUI HTCBT Foam Shear, 90 cycle HTHS Elastomer Volatility Pumpability

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

Technologies to Meet HD On-Highway Emission Standards

Category Intro Year CD 1972 CF 1994 CE 1988 CF-4 1991 CG-4 1994 CH-4 1998 CI-4 Plus 2002 CJ-4 2007

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

Tier 4 EmissionsTechnologies and HD Engine Oil Formulations

US EPA and European Union Non-Road Emissions Regulations 37-560 kW (50-750 bhp)

NOx + Cooled EGR

Particulates + DPF

NOx + SCR?

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

Engine Technologies to Meet Tier 4

Descriptor of emissions control provided by each technology on the graphic to the right

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

Exhaust Gas Recirculation

Descriptor of how EGR reduces NOx and impact on engine lubricant

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

Long before Engines and Diesel Particulate Filters, there was Fire and Ash

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

Wood Burning on the Fireplace or Grill

+ O2 +
Convert potential energy

=
to heat
HOH2C OCH3 O

+
and non-combustible byproducts

Wood is made up primarily of: Water Cellulose Hemicellulose Lignin Plus a variety of low molecular weight compounds extractives - fatty acids, resin acids, waxes, and terpenes

HC HCOR

HOH2C HC

OCH3 O

HC

OCH3

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

OH

Diesel Engine Combustion

+
Convert potential energy into mechanical work

CO particulates NOx CO2 HC

and non-combustible byproducts

Petroleum-derived diesel composition 75% saturated hydrocarbons including n-paraffins, iso-paraffins, and cycloparaffins 25% aromatic hydrocarbons including naphthalenes and alkylbenzene Diesel fuel average chemical formula is C12H23 - approximate range C10H20 to C15H28

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

Fully Formulated Diesel Engine Oil

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

Similarities between Ash Constituents

Wood Ash Metals Aluminum (Al) Iron (Fe) Manganese (Mn) Zinc (Zn) Boron (B) Chromium (Cr) Copper (Cu) Nickel (Ni) Cadmium (Cd) Cobalt (Co) Lead (Pb) Silica (from Si) Sulfur (S) Plant Nutrients from Wood Ash Calcium (Ca), e.g. calcium carbonate Magnesium (Mg) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K), e.g. potassium chloride Sodium (Na), e.g. sodium sulfonate
DPF Ash Sample CaSO4 CaO Ca3(PO4)2 Ca9HPO4(PO4)5OH Ca10(PO4)5(OH)2 ZnO Zn2SiO4
Ash, Used Oil Metal Aluminum (Al) Boron (B) Calcium (Ca) Chromium (Cr) Copper (C) Iron (Fe) Lead (Pb) Magnesium (Mg) Molybdenum (Mo) Nickel (Ni) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) Silicon (Si) Sodium (Na) Sulfur (S) Tin (Sn) Zinc (Zn) Source wear Engine oil Engine oil wear wear wear wear Engine oil Engine oil wear Engine oil Coolant dirt, sealant Coolant* Oil and Fuel wear Engine oil

Zn2Mg(PO4)2 MgO Mg2P2O7 Mg3(PO4)2 NaSO3 Na3PO4 SiO2 Fe3O4

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

Diesel Particulate Filter on Tractor

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

Diesel Particulate Filter

Incombustible material in DPF

from engine oil (90% Ash)

Calcium Sulfate

as Anhydrite (60%)
Zinc Pyrophosphate (20%) Ca, Mg, Zn, P, Mo and S Particles are submicron

(0.4 microns)

(160,000 km DPF Cleaning)

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

Soot and Ash in DFP Channel

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

DPF Regeneration

Descriptor of DPF regeneration strategies, etc.

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

HD and Pass Car Lubricant Viscosity Evolution

5W-30, Lower HTHS 15W-40, 10W-40, 5W-40

SAE 30 and 40

1970 and previous SAE 30 10W-40, 10W-30 5W-30, 5W-20, 0W-20

2015 and beyond

0W-10, Lower HTHS

Passenger Car Lubricants

Heavy Duty Lubricants

Adapted multi-grades earlier Adapted lower viscosity grades earlier Often PC only - generally lower treat formulations

Typically universal - include passenger car categories More robust additive packages

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

Heavy Duty Fuel Economy Standards On-Highway OEM Focus Area for Next 10 Years

Start of Fuel Economy Standard Fuel Economy Standard Phase-in (20% improvement)
U.S. U.S.

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Euro VI Emissions Regulation

Europe

7.09 km/L (12.2% improvement)

Japan

U.S. 2018 truck fuel economy standards will be technology forcing

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.

The Path To PC-11 and Fuel Economy

With replacement tests (T13, C13, ISX, ISB, IIIH, Cat Aeration, T11+) 3.5 HTHS

API CH-4, CI-4 PLUS, CJ-4, PC-11

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017 2018

Start of U.S. Truck Fuel Economy Standard

Banking fuel economy credits

Full Implementation of U.S. Truck Fuel Economy Standard

Not Backward Compatible OEM Optional

SAE xW-30, <3.5 HTHS

PC-11

2012 Chevron Oronite Company LLC. All rights reserved.