Coordinated Master Control and Supervisory System

for 110KV Sub-Station using embedded system

A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substation transforms voltage from high to low or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels. Basically the sub-stations are getting high voltage source and step down in to certain level and fed to the domestic applications. Substations generally have switching, protection and control equipment, and transformers. In a large substation, circuit breakers are used to interrupt any short circuits or overload currents that may occur on the network. Need For Automation: Electrical substations required manual switching or adjustment of equipment, and manual collection of data for load, energy consumption, and abnormal events. As the complexity of distribution networks grew, it became economically necessary to automate supervision and control of substations from a centrally attended point, to allow overall coordination in case of emergencies and to reduce operating costs. Human intelligence is incomparable to any manmade system, but one always cannot alert. Each person cannot be same expert level. Interpretation and execution time is high. Data Storage is not unique, communication is slow. To avoid the above and more scenarios, we need a automation system such as Coordinated Master Control and Supervisory System

There are so many parameters to be considered for construction and maintenance of a sub-station. As handling high voltage and current circuits necessary international standards are strictly followed for equipments and its arrangements. The control and operation is an interesting activity which involves sequence of steps or predefined order of actions. If the mal operation happened, such a huge damages will experienced for men and material. To avoid accidents and losses, there are so many systems involved in the protection, controlling and monitoring applications. But due to lack of proper coordination between various systems and less failsafe protection of the system, there are many problems can occur. To avoid or minimize the above problems we may introduce an instrumentation and supervision technology to the sub-stations, which are followed in the various process industries like thermal power stations. Our Project: Our project will support Automatic Detection & Control and Self Protection. Our project is that the each distributed controller will automatically control their parameters and all the controllers are connected to a PC. Due to this arrangement an online monitoring is possible based on the real time graph produced in the system and a provision to monitor & control remotely. Thus the system does not need any human interface over a period of time and remote control & monitoring is achieved. Various parameters to be measured in a sub-station are: 1) Current and Voltage measurement 2) Frequency and power factor measurement 3) Active Power, Reactive Power and Energy measurement

Block Diagram:
Capacitor Bank

110 KV Bus 11 KV Bus 110 KV Feeder 110/11 KV Transformer 110 KV Feeder

11 KV Feeder

11 KV Feeder 11 KV Feeder 11 KV Feeder

Coordinating Master Control and Supervisor

Alarm & Data Logging

Remote Communication Setup

Feeder & Equipment Protection

Station Accessories & Peripherals

Various condition monitoring signals measured like: 1) Transformer Oil Level, temperature, internal pressure and tap level 2) Breaker position, Breaker accessories, isolator position 3) Single phasing circuit 4) Line clear or permission on line 5) Station Battery & Charging System This system can do the following, 1) Coordinate with distributed control systems. 2) Automatic Voltage Correction 3) Automatic Power factor Correction 4) Automated Charging & shutdown of total SS 5) Fail safe protection 6) Communicating to local area network 7) Remote execution 8) Data logging and historian 9) Programmable Features