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EDCH Background & Basics Channels/ UTRAN Architecture Principles: Hybrid ARQ, scheduling, soft handover RRM: Handover, Resource Allocation Performance Results
Background
E-DCH E DCH is a Rel-6 feature with following targets Rel 6 Improve coverage and throughput, and reduce delay of the uplink dedicated transport channels Priority given to services such as streaming, interactive and background services, conversational (e.g. VoIP) also to be considered Full mobility support with optimizing for low/ medium speed Simple implementation Special focus on co-working with HSDPA Standardization started in September 2002 Study item completed in February 2004 Stage II/ III started in September/ December 2004 Release 6 frozen in December 2005/ March 2006 Various improvements have been introduced in Rel-7 & Rel-8 p
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E-DCH Basics
HSDPA in the downlink !!
E-DCH E DCH is a modification of DCH Not a shared channel, such as channel
PHY taken from R99 Turbo coding and BPSK modulation Power Control 10 msec/ 2 msec TTI / Spreading on separate OVSF code, i.e. code mux with existing PHY channels MAC similarities to HSDPA Fast scheduling Stop and Wait HARQ: but synchronous New principles p p Intra Node B softer and Inter Node B soft HO should be supported for the E-DCH with HARQ Scheduling distributed between UE and NodeB
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E-DCH Scheduling
UE
Scheduling information UE detects data in buffer Scheduling grant
NodeB
Scheduler takes UE for scheduling
DATA
Scheduling grant
UE sends scheduling information MAC-e MAC e signaling On E-DPCCH: happy bit NodeB allocates the resources Absolute/ l ti Ab l t / relative scheduling grants h d li t Algorithms left open from standards Depending on the received grants, UE decides on transmission Maintains allocated resources by means of internal serving grants ll d b f l Selects at each TTI amount of E-DCH data to transmit Algorithms fully specified by UMTS standard
Scheduling information Scheduling grant
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UL Load
UL Load target
UE #m
Non E-DCH
E-DCH scheduler constraint Keep UL load within the limit Scheduler controls: E-DCH load portion from nonserving users of other cells E-DCH resources from each serving user of own cell Non E-DCH load portion E DCH DCH, RACH, HS-DPCCH May include non-scheduled E-DCH Controlled by legacy load control, y g y , e.g. Admission/ Congestion control Notes: E-DCH users transmit asynchronously h l Each UE owns whole code tree
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Cell C ll 2 UE
R99 DCH (in SHO) UL/DL signalling (DCCH) UL/DL CS voice/ data Rel-5 HS-DSCH (not shown) DL PS service (DTCH) DL signalling (Rel-6, DCCH) (Rel 6
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E-DCH Channels
E-DPDCH E DPDCH Carries the data traffic Variable SF = 256 2 UE supports up to 4 E-DPDCH E-DPCCH Contains the configuration as used on E DPDCH E-DPDCH Fixed SF = 256 E-RGCH/ E-HICH E RGCH/ E HICH E-HICH carries the HARQ acknowledgements E-RGCH carries the relative scheduling grants gg Fixed SF = 128 Up to 40 users multiplexed onto the same channel by using specific signatures E-AGCH Carries the absolute scheduling grants Fixed SF = 256 d
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Downlink DPCH
CFN
CFN+1
15 Tslot (10 msec) Uplink DPCCH p 0.4 Tslot (1024 chips) 148chips CFN
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HSUPA UE Categories
E-DCH Category Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 Category 6 Category 7 (Rel.7) (Rel 7) Max. num. Codes 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 Min SF SF4 SF4 SF4 SF2 SF2 SF2 SF2 EDCH TTI 10 msec 10 msec/ 2 msec 10 msec 10 msec/ 2 msec 10 msec 10 msec/ 2 msec 10 msec/ 2 msec Maximum MAC-e TB size 7110 14484/ 2798 14484 20000/ 5772 20000 20000/ 11484 20000/ 22996 Theoretical maximum PHY data rate (Mbit/s) 0.71 1.45/ 1.4 1.45 2.0/ 2.89 2 89 2.0 2.0/ 2 0/ 5.74 2.0/ 11.5 11 5
When 4 codes are transmitted, 2 codes are transmitted with SF2 and 2 with SF4 , UE Category 7 supports 16QAM
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Evolution from Rel-5 E-DCH functionality is intended for transport of dedicated logical channels (DTCH/ DCCH) E-DCH in Rel-6 Additions in RRC to configure E-DCH RLC unchanged (UM & AM) New MAC-es entity with link to MAC-d New MAC-e entity located in the Node B MAC-e entities from multiple NodeB may serve one UE ( ft HO) (soft
SRNC
RRC RLC
PDCP
Logical Channels
DCCH DTCH
BCCH
MAC-es
MAC-d flows MAC-d flows
MAC-d
DCH
w/o MAC-c/sh o
CRNC
Upper phy
MAC-c/sh
NodeB
MAC-e
Transport Channels
EDCH
MAC-hs
HS-DSCH DSCH FACH
MAC-b
BCH
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MAC-e/es in UE
To MAC-d MAC-es/e
E-TFC Selection Multiplexing
MAC Control
MAC-e/es Functions Priority handling Per logical channel Multiplexing MAC-d flow concept Mux of data from multiple MAC-d flows into single MAC-e PDU Scheduling Maintain scheduling grant E-TFC selection HARQ handling
HARQ
Cf. 25.309
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MAC-e in NodeB
MAC-d Flows
UE #N UE #2
MAC Control
UE #1
E-DCH De-multiplexing
Control
E-DCH Scheduling
MAC-e Functions Per user HARQ handling: ACK/ NACK generation De-multiplexing E-DCH E DCH control: t l Rx/ Tx control signals E-DCH scheduling for all users Assign resources (scheduling grants)
E-DCH
HARQ entity
MAC-e
Cf. 25.309
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Common RG
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MAC-es in SRNC
To MAC-d
MAC-es Functions
MAC-es
Queue distribution
Disassembly Disassembly MAC C t l Control
Disassembly
Reordering
Reordering/ Co b Combining g Reordering/ Co b Combining g Reordering/ Co b Combining g
Per logical channel In-sequence delivery Macro-diversity combining: g frame selection Disassembly
MAC-d flow #1
MAC-d flow #n
Cf. 25.309
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RLC MAC-d
RLC PDU:
Header
DATA
DDI: Data Description Indicator (6bit) MAC-d PDU size Log. Channel ID Mac-d flow ID N: Number f MAC-d PDU N N b of MAC d PDUs (6bit)
DATA
MAC-e/es
MAC-es PDU:
TSN
DATA
DATA
DDI
DDI
DDI
DATA
Padding (Opt)
MAC-e header
MAC-e PDU:
PHY
DATA
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Re-Tx 1
New Tx 2
Re-Tx 3
New Tx 4
Re-Tx 1
Re-Tx 2
NACK NACK
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E-DCH UE Scheduling
UE maintains internal serving grant SG SG are quantized Maximum E-DPDCH/ DPCCH power ratio (TPR), which are defined by 3GPP Reception of absolute grant: SG = AG No transmission: SG = Zero_Grant Reception of relative grants: increment/ decrement index of SG in the SG p g / table AG and RG from serving RLS can be activated for specific HARQ processes for 2msec TTI sec UE selects E-TFC at each TTI Allocates the E-TFC according to the given restrictions Serving S i grant SG t UE transmit power Provides priority between the different logical channels
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Index 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29
Scheduled Grant 2 (168/15) *6 2 (150/15) *6 2 (168/15) *4 2 (150/15) *4 2 (134/15) *4 2 (119/15) *4 2 (150/15) *2 2 (95/15) *4 2 (168/15)
14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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(30/15) 2 (27/15) 2 (24/15) 2 (21/15) 2 (19/15) 2 (17/15) 2 (15/15) 2 (13/15) 2 (12/15) 2 (11/15) 2 (9/15) 2 (8/15) 2 (7/15) 2 (6/15) 2 (5/15)
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Time Scheduling
ra ate
time
UEs are continuously active Data rate is incremental increased/ decreased by relative scheduling grants No N synch b t h between UE required UEs i d Load variations can be kept low For low to medium data rates
UEs are switched on/ off by absolute scheduling grants UEs should be in synch Load L d variations might be large i ti i ht b l (verry) high data rates
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Scheduling decision Load estimation, etc E-RGCH E-AGCH HARQ process number
E-DCH
AG applied to this HARQ process RG interpreted relative to the previous TTI in this HARQ process.
AG and RG associated with specific uplink E-DCH TTI, i.e. specific HARQ process Association based on the timing of the E-AGCH and E-RGCH. E AGCH E RGCH Timing is tight enough that this relationship is un-ambiguous. Example: 10msec TTI
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Scheduling Information
Happy bit signaling One bit status flag send on E-DPCCH at each TTI Criterion for happy bit Set to unhappy if UE is able to send more data than given with existing serving grant Otherwise set to happy Oh i h Scheduling Information Reporting Content of MAC e report MAC-e Provides more detailed information (log. channel, buffer status, UE power headroom) Will be sent less frequently (e.g. every 100 msec) Parameters adjusted by RRC (e.g. reporting intervals, channels to report)
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Node B resources -decoding capability decoding -Iub bandwidth capacity Capabilities of the UEs -MAC-e PDU size limits MAC e -SF limits
Task: assigns Serving Grants (relative or absolute grants) in terms of a power offset to the current DPCCH power to the UEs in order to control the maximum data rate
Finally, the UE decides by itself on the used power ratio and the transport block size taking into account the restrictions sent by Node B
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UL Load
UL Load target
UE #m
E-DCH scheduler constraint Keep UL load within the limit Scheduler controls: E-DCH E DCH load portion of non-serving non serving users from other cells
E-DCH resources of each serving user of own cell Principles: Rate vs. time scheduling Dedicated control for serving users Common control for non-serving users Note: Scheduler cannot exploit fast fading !
Non E-DCH
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Non-scheduled Mode
Configured by the SRNC UE is allowed to send E-DCH data at any time Signaling overhead and scheduling delay are minimized Support of QoS traffic on E-DCH, e.g. VoIP & SRB Characteristics Resource given by SRNC:
Non-scheduled Grant = max. # of bits that can be included in a MAC-e PDU UTRAN can reserve HARQ processes for non-scheduled transmission
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UE NodeB 1 NodeB 2
Macro-diversity Macro diversity operation on multiple NodeBs Softer handover combining in the same NodeB Soft handover combining in RNC (part of MAC-es) Independent MAC-e processing in both NodeBs I d d MAC i i b hN d B HARQ handling rule: if at least one NodeB tells ACK, then ACK Scheduling rule: relative grants DOWN from any NodeB have precedence d
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Mobility Handling
The UE uses soft handover for associated DCH as well as for E DCH E-DCH Using existing triggers and procedures for the active set update (events 1A, 1B, 1C) E-DCH active set is equal or smaller than DCH active set
New event 1J: non-active E-DCH link becomes better than active one
The UE receives AG on E-AGCH from only one cell out of the E-DCH E AGCH E DCH active set (serving E-DCH cell) Rel-6: E-DCH and HSDPA serving cell must be the same Hard Handover, i change of serving E-DCH cell H dH d i.e. h f i E DCH ll Using RRC procedures, which maybe triggered by event 1D
Could be also combined with Active Set Update
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Mobility Procedures
SRNC
MAC-es
SRNC
MAC-es
MAC-e NodeB
MAC-e NodeB
MAC-e NodeB
MAC-e NodeB
s
Serving E-DCH radio link
t
Serving S i E-DCH radio link
Inter-Node B serving E-DCH cell change within E-DCH active set Note: MAC e still established in both NodeBs ! MAC-e
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IDLE
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UL Load
UL Load target
Non E-DCH
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36 cells network UMTS composite channel model FTP t ffi model (2 Mbyte traffic d l Mb t upload, 30 seconds thinking time)
1 2 3
#UEs/cell
800
4 5 6 7 8 9
1600
600
400
200
10
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Aggregated Cell Throughput [kbps]
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10ms, 1Tx ,
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
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E-DCH Summary
New uplink transmission concept Optimized for interactive, background and streaming, support of conversational Full support of mobility with optimizing for low/ medium speed Improved PHY approach New UL transport channel: E-DCH p Additional signalling channels to support HARQ and E-DCH scheduling MAC-e/es entity located in NodeB/ SRNC Distributed E DCH scheduling between UE and NodeB E-DCH E-DCH supports soft/ softer HO Radio Resource Control procedures similar to HSDPA E-DCH Resource Management Cumulated resources managed by Controlling-RNC Re use Re-use of principles for DCH control (handover state transition) (handover, Significant improved performance
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References
Papers A. Ghosh et al: Overview of Enhanced Uplink for 3GPP W-CDMA, Proc. IEEE VTC 04/ Milan, vol. 4, pp. 22612265 H. Holma et al: HSDPA/ HSUPA for UMTS, Wiley 2006 Standards TS 25.xxx series: RAN Aspects 25 xxx TR 25.896: Feasibility Study for Enhanced Uplink for UTRA FDD TR 25.808: FDD Enhanced Uplink; Physical Layer Aspects p ; y y p TR 25.309/ 25.319 (Rel.7 onwards): (FDD) Enhanced Uplink: Overall Description (Stage 2)
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Abbreviations
ACK AG AM AMC BO CAC CDMA DBC DCH DDI DPCCH E AGCH E-AGCH E-DCH E-HICH Indicator E-RGCH E-TFC FDD FEC FIFO FP GoS HARQ IE MAC-d MAC d MAC-e/es
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(positive) Acknowledgement Absolute Grant Acknowledged (RLC) Mode Adaptive Modulation & Coding Buffer Occupancy Call Admission Control Code Division Multiple Access Dynamic Bearer Control Dedicated Channel Data Description Indicator Dedicated Physical Control Channel E DCH E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel Enhanced (uplink) Dedicated Channel E-DCH HARQ Acknowledgement Channel E-DCH Relative Grant Channel E-DCH Transport Format Combination Frequency Division Duplex Forward Error Correction First In First Out Framing Protocol F i P t l Grade of Service Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request Information Element dedicated Medium Access Control E-DCH Medium Access Control
Mux NACK NBAP OVSF PDU PHY PO Qo QoS QPSK RB RG RL RLC RLS RRC RRM RV SDU SF SG SI TNL TPR TTI UM
Multiplexing Negative Acknowledgement NodeB Application Part Orthogonal Variable SF (code) Protocol Data Unit Physical Layer Power Offset Qua y o Quality of Service Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Radio Bearer Relative Grant Radio Link Radio Link Control Radio Link Set Radio Resource Control Radio Resource Management Redundancy Version Service Data Unit Spreading Factor Serving Grant Scheduling Information Transport Network Layer Traffic to Pilot Ratio Transmission Time Interval Unacknowledged (RLC) Mode U k l d d M d
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