Documenti di Didattica
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Prof. Roger L. Davis Department of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering University of California, Davis
Applications of Gas Turbine Engines EAE 138 - Airbreathing Propulsion Extensions of the Basic Principles to Other Applications in Rotating Machinery (MAE 248) Summary
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Power Generation!!
Turboshaft, MicroTurbines
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Overview of Gas Turbine Engines Thermodynamics Review Compressible Flow Review Gas Turbine Engines and Components Ideal Engine Cycle Analysis Component Performance Real Engine Parametric Cycle Analysis Engine Performance Analysis
4
Turbojet Engines
20-30,000 lbs Thrust
30,000 lbs thrust B-1 Bomber 76,000 - 115,000 lbs thrust Boeing 777 52,000 - 98,000 lbs thrust 94 - 112 inch diameter fan Airbus A330, Boeing 777
F16
Turboprop Engines
1,800-2,750 Shaft Horsepower
Turboshaft Engines
Rolls-Royce 250 General Electric T700
1,870 - 1,940 shaft horsepower Saab 340, LET L610, Sukhoi S-80
1,500-2,600 shaft horsepower UH-60 Black Hawk, AH-64 Apache, Bell 214ST, Sikorsky 2-70
Inlet
Inlet Reduces the Entering Air Velocity to a Level Suitable for the Compressor Often Considered Part of Nacelle Critical Factors:
Mach Number Mass Flow Attached Flow
Nacelle
Subsonic Inlet
Divergent area used to reduce velocity
Supersonic Inlet
Shocks often used to achieve reduced velocity and compression
Engine Inlet
10
Fan/Compressor
Axial-Flow Fan Axial-Flow Compressor
Low-Pressure High-Pressure
From Mattingly
Combustor
Designed to Burn a Mixture of Fuel and Air and Deliver to Turbine
Uniform Exit Temperature Complete Combustion Exit Temperature Must Not Exceed Critical Limit Set By Turbine Metal + Cooling Design
Combustor
Centrifugal Compressor
Mixed Axial/Radial Flow
Fan Low-Pressure Compressor
From Mattingly
From Mattingly
11 High-Pressure Compressor
12
Turbine
Extracts Kinetic Energy form Expanding Gases and Converts to Shaft Horsepower to Drive the Compressor/Fan
Axial Flow Turbine
High Flow Rates Low-Moderate Pressure Ratios High-Pressure Turbine
Nozzle
Increase the Velocity of the Exhaust Gas Before Discharge from the Nozzle and Straighten Gas Flow From the Turbine
From Mattingly
Convergent Nozzle Used When Nozzle Pr < 2 (Subsonic Flow) Convergent-Divergent Nozzle Used When Nozzle Pr > 2
Often incorporate variable geometry to control throat area
Centrifugal Turbine
Lower Flow Rates Higher Pressure Ratio
13 Low-Pressure Turbine
14
Thrust Augmentation
Thrust Augmentation Through Addition of Heat or Mass
Additional Heat Through Use of Afterburner
Additional Fuel Injected and Burned Behind Turbine Usually Used in Military Engines
f g Vo, Ao h i Vj, Aj
A Control Volume Analysis of the Forces Around a Jet Engine Shows that Thrust is:
T or H
Combustor Heat Addition
IDEAL CYCLE
mb Co or ust
PT4=PT3
Turbine
Compressor Work
Compressor
PT3
PT0=PT2
P0= P9
17
18
Total Pressure and Temperature Losses Associated with Incomplete Combustion Total Pressure Losses Associated with Viscous Flow Mixing
Nozzle
Total Pressure Losses Associated with Viscous Flow and Over/Under Expanded Nozzle and Shocks
Over-Expanded Nozzle
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20
T or H
Combustor Heat Addition
REAL CYCLE
PT4
& & Wt = m c p (Tt 4 Tt 5 )
Exit Dynamic Head and Thrust is Smaller than Ideal Due to Losses
2 Vexit 2
S =
& mf F
= =
& & m f mC f
(1 + ) F
& m0
Compressor Work
P =
=
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[(1+ f )(V
a 0 ) + (V19 a 0 ) (1 + ) M 02 22
2 2
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24
Airconditioning Fan
Gas Turbine Compressor, Fan, Turbine Airconditioning and Automotive Fans Electronic Cooling Fans Centrifugal Pumps, Chillers, and Radial Turbines
Radiator Cooling Fan
26
Summary
Air-Breathing Propulsion is an Important Subject for MAE Students
EAE 138 Covers the Basic Engineering Principles
Thermodynamics, Compressible Flow, and Design of Modern Gas Turbine Engines Parametric Design of Different Gas Turbine Engines Fieldtrip to United Airlines Maintenance Facility for HandsOn View of Gas Turbine Components
Principles are Basis for Any Type of Fluid Machinery Design (Covered in MAE 248)
Compressors, pumps, fans, turbines, blowers, etc. that add or extract work to a flow
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