Edsa Paladin

Shielding Effectiveness Program
Electrical and Magnetic Field and Plane Wave Calculations with Longhand Calculation for Verification and Validation of Program Calculations and Methodology
EDSA MICRO CORPORATION 16870 West Bernardo Drive, Suite 330 San Diego, California 92127 U.S.A.
Copyright 2008 All Rights Reserved
Version 1.10.00
October 2008
EDSA MICRO CORPORATION WARRANTY INFORMATION
There is no warranty, implied or otherwise, on EDSA software. EDSA software is licensed to you as is. This program license provides a ninety (90) day limited warranty on the diskette that contains the program. This, the EDSA Users Guide, is not meant to alter the warranty situation described above. That is, the content of this document is not intended to, and does not, constitute a warranty of any sort, including warranty of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose on your EDSA software package. EDSA Micro Corporation reserves the right to revise and make changes to this User's Guide and to the EDSA software without obligation to notify any person of, or provide any person with, such revision or change. EDSA programs come with verification and validation of methodology of calculation based on EDSA Micro Corporation's inhouse software development standards. EDSA performs longhand calculation and checks the programs results against published samples. However, we do not guarantee, or warranty, any program outputs, results, or conclusions reached from data generated by any programs which are all sold "as is". Since the meaning of QA/QC and the verification and validation of a program methodology are domains of vast interpretation, users are encouraged to perform their own inhouse verification and validation based on their own inhouse quality assurance, quality control policies and standards. Such operations - performed at the user's expense will meet the user's specific needs. EDSA Micro Corporation does not accept, or acknowledge, purchase instructions based on a buyer's QA/QC and/or a buyer's verification and validation standards. Therefore, purchase orders instructions are considered to be uniquely based on EDSA's own QA/QC verification and validation standards and test systems.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Foreword ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Capabilities.......................................................................................................................................... 1 Method of Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 1 How to Use the Program ..................................................................................................................... 2 Sample Problems ................................................................................................................................ 4 Sample Problem "A"............................................................................................................................ 4 Sample Problem "B"............................................................................................................................ 4 Sample Problem "C"............................................................................................................................ 4 Sample Problem "D"............................................................................................................................ 4 How to Run the Program..................................................................................................................... 5 Sample Problem "A"............................................................................................................................ 8 Shielding Effectiveness ..................................................................................................................... 12 Sample Problem "A".......................................................................................................................... 12 Computer Shielding Effectiveness .................................................................................................... 18 Sample Problem "A".......................................................................................................................... 19 Sample Screens ................................................................................................................................ 20 Sample Problem "A".......................................................................................................................... 23 Sample Problem B ............................................................................................................................ 24 Sample Problem C1 .......................................................................................................................... 25 Sample Problem C2 .......................................................................................................................... 26 Sample Problem C3 .......................................................................................................................... 27 Sample Problem C4 .......................................................................................................................... 28 Sample Problem C5 .......................................................................................................................... 29 Sample Problem D ............................................................................................................................ 30 Symbols and Abbreviations............................................................................................................... 31 Appendix A: Tutorial .......................................................................................................................... 34
7. 8. 9. 10.
11. 12.
Table of Figures
Figure 1: Reflection and Attenuation............................................................................................................ 2 Figure 2: Factors Contributing to Total Shield Effectiveness....................................................................... 2 Figure 3: Tutorial Case Study (File: shield see)......................................................................................... 34
EDSA MICRO CORPORATION ALL RIGHTS RESERVED COPYRIGHT 2008
ii
Shielding Effectiveness
1. Foreword
This SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS PROGRAM is part of the EDSA package of Electrical Engineering Programs. It is a comprehensive, flexible and easy to use program. It was designed to be error free. However, because it is assumed that the user is a Professional Engineer familiar with the theoretical and mathematical concepts of SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS, the applicability of the program to any particular system, and/or the validity and accuracy of the results are the user's responsibility. This program is undergoing continuous development and refinement. As with all its products, EDSA is committed to making the SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS program as current, comprehensive and easy to use as possible. Any comments, suggestions or errors encountered in either the results or documentation should be immediately brought to EDSA's attention.
2. Purpose
The problem confronting designers of shielding enclosures is that of determining the correct type of metal to be used and its required thickness. The shielding effectiveness equations that must be solved to answer this problem are complex and cumbersome to handle. Graphical techniques are often inaccurate, time consuming, and difficult to use. EDSA's Shielding Effectiveness Program offers a very simple and rapid method for calculating and solving shielding problems. The sample problems attached demonstrate the power and flexibility of this program.
3. Capabilities
This program is capable of interactively calculate shielding effectiveness in dB, absorption loss in dB, reflection loss in dB, and re-reflection correction factor in dB. A change in any value will result in an automatic, instant update of all effected subsequent values. Program calculates and displays all the coefficients, constants and factors used in the calculation. A beginning database for shield material and transmission media is also provided.
4. Method of Analysis
Shielding effectiveness for a single-layer uniform shield is calculated in dB. The general formula used by this program is: SE = where: SE = A B R Note: = = = A+R+B Shielding effectiveness. Penetration or absorption loss through the shield. Correction term due to re-reflections. Reflection loss at both sides of shield.
For the technical basis in the selection of a shielding enclosure see ITEM-1977.
Figure 1: Reflection and Attenuation
Figure 2: Factors Contributing to Total Shield Effectiveness 5. How to Use the Program
It is strongly recommended to review the examples in the following pages stepping through the example problems as they are explained and demonstrated herein, in order to become familiar with the program commands and capabilities.
1. 2.
Start DesignBase Select SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS PROGRAM in the Analysis Menu and follow the screen instructions.
6. Sample Problems
Sample Problem "A" In order to shield a box from a strong magnetic field originating from a 60-HZ (0.000060 MHZ) generator located 10 feet (3.04m) away, it has been decided to use a 1/15 inch "66.6 Mils" thick pure iron. The shielding effectiveness is to be computed in dB with Sigma-R for Iron = 0.17 & Mu-R = 1000. See the output marked A, page 24. Sample Problem "B" A 600 L - Band weather radar that operates at 1200 MHZ creates an electric-field strength of 110 V/m in a computer room. Computer peripherals and all the interconnecting cables will not be susceptible to radiation below 3V/m. To determine an inexpensive shield for the computer room, the required shielding effectiveness is the ratio of the electric field strengths 110/3 = about 37 dB. Let's try an inexpensive material that is easily available, "1 mil soft aluminum", as can be seen from the output marked B. The 1 mil soft aluminum will give a SE = 165 dB that is more than enough. The designer should insure that door seams, power entrance, etc., do not create the mode of EMI entry. (See page 25). (You should redo the example for Household Aluminum Foil). Sample Problem "C" A ground-level nuclear detonation produces a broadband electromagnetic pulse (EMP) with most of its energy distributed in the 20 KHZ band. From a distance of 4.5 km, the blast center looks like a magnetic source having billions of amperes. To protect electromagnetic equipment, it is necessary to provide 400dB isolation. To handle the case try aluminum with 400, 540, & 700 mil thickness, and from the outputs marked C1, C2, and C3, a 750 mil thick aluminum gives SE = about 400 dB. If sheet iron is used, outputs C4 and C5, it becomes apparent that an iron sheet with thickness of about 55 mil will meet the requirement. (See pages 2630). Sample Problem "D" Electronic equipment is 150 m from an AM broadcast station antenna transmitting at 1300KHZ. Find the shielding effectiveness of a 1/16 inch " 62.5 mils" sheet metal aluminum box enclosure to E-field or plane waves, as applicable. In the output marked D, SE = 197 dB applies to the plane wave as the box is in the far field of the transmitter. (See page 31).
7. How to Run the Program
1.
Select Shielding Effectiveness Analysis from DesignBase Windows Menu.
2.
Shielding Effectiveness Menu consists of: File; Input Data; Calculated Variables; Help.
3. 4.
Select New JobFile to build a new file. Select Load JobFile to load existing job files.
5. 6.
Windows Jobfile extensions are: *.see. Jobfiles are in C:\DesignBase2\Samples\Shielding 6
7.
Exam-a.see, exam-b.see, exam-c1.see, exam-c2.see, exam-c3.see, exam-c4.see, exam-c5.see, exam-d.see are all QA/QC jobfiles. When you create a new Job File, you will notice that the screen is filled with default values. As you update the default values to suit your application, all affected subsequent values will automatically be updated. To input emission source data you need to input frequency (e.g. 60 Hz) and source to shield distance (e.g. 10 ft) and three categories of information: Emission Source Data, Barrier Shield Data, and Transmission Medium Data. You may use default "Reference Standards" or input your own values.
8.
Sample Problem "A"
9.
Enter Metal Thickness in Mils or In Millimeters. T/d: Thickness/Skin Depth.
10.
You can enter target values for E-Field and H-Field.
1.
For barrier shield data, you need to input metal thickness (e.g. 66.6 mils). Open Library for "Shield Material and then select Purified Iron. See the final E- & H-field results at the bottom window.
Use Target Shielding Effectiveness field, enter estimated shielding effectiveness in dB and let the program find the metal thickness. Given frequency, source-to-shield distance, and shield material, program finds metal thickness for a desired dB. 8
If you choose to modify the material coefficients rather than select a material from the data base, the name of the material will be changed to "USER MODIFIED". 12. You can enter your own Shield Material, edit related fields and Add to the library of Shield Material. Relative Permeability of Shield Conductivity Relative to Copper = =
13.
You can Add to, or Delete from the Shield Material library.
14.
Change E-Field (e.g. from 243.4536 dB to 260 dB and H-Field to 45 dB). Then press Save. You may either change the E-Field or the H-Field. Since they are interrelated, a change in one field will update the other as well. (However, if you try to change both, you will only get the current field to your value; the other field will be computed for you.)
Given shield material, distance, and dB shielding effectiveness, new metal thickness is calculated. (In this example 115.6 mils.) You may add, delete or modify the data file for shield material. Note that if you include a weight per area in the data base other than 0.0, the program will not only print t/ but also its weight (useful for aircraft, etc. - see EDSA reference book.) Try selecting GOLD, SOFT ALUMINUM, and others (the weights of which were given in the above mentioned reference book.)
15.
New E-Field and H-Field as a result of change in Metal Thickness.
16.
You can Add to the Transmission Medium Library or Delete from this library.
10
17.
Reference Standards Screen.
18.
You can see the Calculated Variables: Intermediate Coefficients; Impedance Values.
19.
Intermediate Coefficient Values screen.
20.
Impedance Values Screen.
11
8. Shielding Effectiveness
LONGHAND CALCULATION VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF PROGRAM CALCULATION
Sample Problem "A" GIVEN DATA: Frequency in Hertz Distance for EMI source to shield in meters Metal thickness in mils Relative conductivity of shield Relative permeability of shield = = = = = f r
t mil
= = = = =
60.0 3.04 meters 66.6 mils 0.17 1000.0
CONSTANTS: Speed of light Absolute permittivity of air Absolute permeability of air Absolute conductivity of copper = = = = c = = = = 3 108 meters / second 1 / (36 109 ) Farads / meter 4 10-7 Henrys / meter 5.8 107 MHos / meter
0 0
0
12
CALCULATE ABSOLUTE PERMEABILITY OF MEDIUM -
= = =
r 0
1000 4 10 7
0.0012566371 Henrys / Medium
CALCULATE ABSOLUTE CONDUCTIVITY OF MEDIUM -
= = =
r 0
017 58 10 7 . .
9,860,000.0 MHos / Meter
CALCULATE WAVELENGTH OF SOURCE -
= = =
cf
(3 10 ) 60.0
8
5,000,000.0 Meters
CALCULATE THICKNESS OF SHIELD IN METERS - t t = = =
[ t ( 2.54 10 ) ] 10 [ 66.6 ( 2.54 10 ) ] 10

2
mil
3 3
0.00169164 Meters
CALCULATE ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT -
= =
60.0 0.0012566371 9860000.0

1528.248428
13
CALCULATE PHASE COEFFICIENT -
= =
1528.248428
CALCULATE PROPAGATION COEFFICIENT -
= = =
2 2 +
(1528.24848) 2 + (1528.24848) 2
2161.269653
CALCULATE BARRIER IMPEDANCE OF SHIELD - Z B

ZB
= = =
( f ) + ( f )
2 ( 60.0 0.0012566371 9860000.0 )
0.0002191957 Ohms / Sq
DETERMINE IF PLANE WAVE: if r
[ ( 2.0 )] , then Plane Wave else contains distinct E-Field and H-Field components.
[5,000,000.0 ( 2.0 )]
795774.7155
0.00169164
Therefore, not plane wave condition.
14
CALCULATE WAVE TO METAL SUBCONSTANT k - k
E-FIELD
kE
= = =
( 2.0 r )
5,000,000.0 ( 2.0 3.04 )
261767.9985
H-FIELD
kH
= = =
( 2.0 r ) ( 2.0 3.04 ) 5,000,000.0
0.0000038202
CALCULATE WAVE IMPEDANCE - Z W
E-FIELD
Z WE
k E
0 0
( 4 10 7 ) 1 + ( 36 10 9 )
= =
261767.9985
98684210.52 Ohms
H-FIELD
Z WH
k H
0 0
( 4 10 7 ) 1 + ( 36 10 9 )
= =
0.0000038202
0.0014401815 Ohms
15
CALCULATE WAVE TO METAL IMPEDANCE RATIO - K E-FIELD

KE
= = =
Z WE Z B 98684210.52 0.0002191957
4.5021052 1011
H-FIELD
KH
= = =
Z WH Z B 0.0014401815 0.0002191957
6.5702999965
CALCULATE ABSORPTION LOSS - A E-FIELD AND H-FIELD A = = =

8.686 t 8.686 1528.248428 0.00169164
22.45544824 dB
CALCULATE REFLECTION LOSS - R E-FIELD

RE
= = =
20.0 Log 10 ( 1.0 + K E ) 2 ( 4.0 K E ) 20.0 Log 10
[ ] [( 1.0 + 4.5021052 10 ) ( 4.0 4.5021052 10 )]

11 2 11
221.027113 dB
16
H-FIELD
RH
= = =
20.0 Log 10 ( 1.0 + K H ) 2 ( 4.0 K H ) 20.0 Log 10

2
[ [( 1.0 + 6.5702999965)
] ]
( 4.0 6.5702999965)
6.771619783 dB
CALCULATE RE-REFLECTION LOSS - B E-FIELD

BE
= =
20.0 Log10 ABS 1.0 - [ ( K E -1.0 ) 2 ( K E + 1.0) 2 EXP ( 2.0 t )
]}
20.0 Log 10 { ABS[ 1.0 - [(4.5021052 1011 - 1.0) 2 (4.5021052 1011 +1.0) 2 ] EXP (-2.0 2161.269653 0.00169164)]} -5.7985532 103 dB
H-FIELD
BH
= =
20.0 Log10 ABS 1.0 - [ ( K H -1.0 ) 2 ( K H + 1.0 ) 2 EXP ( 2.0 t )
]}
20.0 Log 10 { ABS[ 1.0 - [(6.5702999965 - 1.0) 2 ( 6.5702999965 +1.0) 2 ] EXP (-2.0 2161.269653 0.00169164)]} -3.1389482 10-3 dB
17
9. Computer Shielding Effectiveness

CALCULATE ABSORPTION LOSS COMPONENT - AC
E-FIELD AND H-FIELD AC = = = EXP ( t) EXP ( 1528.248428 0.00169164 ) 13.26655453
CALCULATE REFLECTION LOSS COMPONENT - RC
E-FIELD
RC E
= = =
( 1.0 + K E ) 2 ( 4.0 K E ) ( 1.0 + 4.5021052 1011 ) 2 ( 4.0 4.5021052 1011 )
1.125263 1011
H-FIELD
RC H
= = =
( 1.0 + K H ) 2 ( 4.0 K H ) ( 1.0 + 6.5702999965 ) 2 ( 4.0 6.5702999965 )
2.180625012
CALCULATE RE-REFLECTION LOSS COMPONENT - BC
E-FIELD
BC E
= =
10 ( K E -1.0 ) ( K E + 1.0 ) .
EXP ( 2.0 t )
1.0 - {[ (4.5021052 1011 - 1.0) (4.5021052 1011 +1.0)] 2 EXP 2.0 2161.269653 0.00169164)}
(-
0.999332640
18
H-FIELD
BC H
= =
10 ( K H -1.0 ) ( K H + 1.0 ) .
EXP ( 2.0 t )
1.0 - {[ (6.5702999965 - 1.0) ( 6.5702999965 + 1.0)] 2 EXP (-2.0 2161.269653
0.00169164)}
= 0.999638681
CALCULATE SHIELD LOSS - SE E-FIELD

+ SE E
= = =
20.0 Log 10 [AC ABS( RC E BC E )] 20.0 Log 10 13.26655453 ABS( 1.125263 1011 0.99933264 )
243.47444452 dB
H-FIELD
SE H
= = =
20.0 Log 10 [AC ABS( RC H BC H )]

20.0 Log 10 [13.26655453 ABS( 2.180625012 0.999638681)]
29.22364377 dB
Sample Problem "A"
PAGE 7 + E-Field SEE * H-Field SEH = = 243.4536493613 dB 29.2404026324 dB
For more examples and verification of the accuracy of the program refer to page 3.9, section 3.3, A HANDBOOK ON ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDING MATERIALS AND PERFORMANCE by Donald R.J. White, M.S.E.E./P.E., Don White Consultants, Inc. 1980. To order the book, please write to Don White Consultants, Inc., State Route 625, P.O. Box D, Gainsville, Virginia 22065. Phone: (703) 347-0030.
+ * Program and longhand calculation verification match 100%. Program and longhand calculation verification match 100%.
19
10. Sample Screens
You may access "Help" to receive instructions and general information. You have a chance to send your output to a file or printer or both.
20
You may change shield distance, frequency, metal thickness, shield material or any of the default values, and see the result of the changes in E- & H-Field values.
21
You can print your study report to a file, a printer or both.
EDSA Micro Corp. - (C) Copyright 1996 Shielding Effectiveness Analysis Job File Name : C:\DesignBase2\Samples\Shielding\EXAM-A.SEE Date : 10/31/08
22
Shielding Values for E-Field and H-Field
Time : 07:24:13
SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS AND COMPONENTS -------------------------------------E-FIELD ------Shielding Effectiveness Absorption Reflection ReReflection Correction Shielding Effectiveness Absorption Reflection ReReflection Correction = 2.4345368E+02 = 2.2455493E+01 = 2.2100427E+02 = -5.7984693E-03 = 2.9240460E+01 = 2.2455493E+01 = 6.7883969E+00 = -3.1440341E-03 dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dB
H-FIELD -------
INPUT VALUES AND CONSTANTS -------------------------Frequency (F) Wavelength (Lambda) Reference Conductivity Reference Permeability Reference Permittivity Shield Material Shield Thickness Relative Absolute Relative Absolute Conductivity Conductivity Permeability Permeability (Sigma-R) (Sigma) (Mu-R) (Mu) = = (Sigma-0) = (Mu-0) = (Epsilon-0) = = = = = = = = 6.0000000E+01 Hertz 5.0000000E+06 Meters 5.8000000E+07 Mhos/M 1.2566371E-06 Henrys/M 8.8419413E-12 Farads/M PURIFIED IRON 6.6600000E+01 1.6916400E+00 1.7000000E-01 9.8600000E+06 1.0000000E+03 1.2566371E-03 (Copper) (Copper) (Free Air)
Mils MilliMeters of Copper Mhos/Meter of Copper Henrys/Meter
Transmission Medium Relative Permittivity Absolute Permittivity Shield Distance
= (Epsilon-R) = (Epsilon) = = =
FREE AIR 1.0000000E+00 of Free Air 8.8419413E-12 Farads/Meter 1.0000000E+01 Feet 3.0480061E+00 Meters
FACTORS AND COEFFICIENTS CALCULATED ----------------------------------Thickness/Skin Depth (T/Delta) = Attenuation Coefficient (Alpha = Beta) = Propagation Coefficient (Gamma) = Wave/Metal SubConstant K - E-FIELD = - H-FIELD = Metal Impedance (Z-M) = Wave Impedance (Z-W) - E-FIELD = - H-FIELD = Wave/Metal Imped. (K) Ratio - E-FIELD = - H-FIELD = 2.5852461E+00 1.5282484E+03 2.1612696E+03 2.6108042E+05 3.8302374E-06 2.1919570E-04 Ohms/Sq. 9.8425000E+07 Ohms 1.4439655E-03 Ohms 4.4902797E+11 6.5875630E+00
Sample Problem "A"
23
EDSA Micro Corp. - (C) Copyright 1996 Shielding Effectiveness Analysis Job File Name : C:\DesignBase2\Samples\Shielding\EXAM-B.SEE Date : 10/31/08 Shielding Values for Plane Wave Time : 08:08:14
SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS AND COMPONENTS -------------------------------------PLANE WAVE ---Shielding Effectiveness Absorption Reflection ReReflection Correction = 1.6553103E+02 = 9.0324136E+01 = 7.5208045E+01 = -1.4628848E-12 dB dB dB dB
INPUT VALUES AND CONSTANTS -------------------------Frequency (F) Wavelength (Lambda) Reference Conductivity Reference Permeability Reference Permittivity Shield Material Shield Thickness Relative Absolute Relative Absolute Conductivity Conductivity Permeability Permeability (Sigma-R) (Sigma) (Mu-R) (Mu) = = (Sigma-0) = (Mu-0) = (Epsilon-0) = = = = = = = = 1.2000000E+09 Hertz 2.5000000E-01 Meters 5.8000000E+07 Mhos/M 1.2566371E-06 Henrys/M 8.8419413E-12 Farads/M (Copper) (Copper) (Free Air)
ALUMINUM (SOFT) 1.0000000E+00 Mils 2.5400000E-02 MilliMeters 6.1000000E-01 of Copper 3.5380000E+07 Mhos/Meter 1.0000000E+00 of Copper 1.2566371E-06 Henrys/Meter FREE AIR 1.0000000E+00 of Free Air 8.8419413E-12 Farads/Meter 1.9685000E+03 Feet 6.0000000E+02 Meters
FACTORS AND COEFFICIENTS CALCULATED ----------------------------------Thickness/Skin Depth (T/Delta) Attenuation Coefficient (Alpha = Beta) Propagation Coefficient (Gamma) Wave/Metal SubConstant K Metal Impedance (Z-M) Wave Impedance (Z-W) Wave/Metal Imped. (K) Ratio = = = = = = = 1.0398798E+01 4.0940148E+05 5.7898112E+05 1.0000000E+00 1.6364644E-02 Ohms/Sq. 3.7699112E+02 Ohms 2.3036927E+04
Sample Problem B
24
EDSA Micro Corp. - (C) Copyright 1996 Shielding Effectiveness Analysis Job File Name : C:\DesignBase2\Samples\Shielding\EXAM-C1.SEE Date : 10/31/08 Shielding Values for Plane Wave Time : 08:09:37
SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS AND COMPONENTS -------------------------------------PLANE WAVE ---Shielding Effectiveness Absorption Reflection ReReflection Correction = = = = 2.7048563E+02 1.4749870E+02 1.2298881E+02 0.0000000E+00 dB dB dB dB
INPUT VALUES AND CONSTANTS -------------------------Frequency (F) Wavelength (Lambda) Reference Conductivity Reference Permeability Reference Permittivity Shield Material Shield Thickness Relative Absolute Relative Absolute Conductivity Conductivity Permeability Permeability (Sigma-R) (Sigma) (Mu-R) (Mu) = = (Sigma-0) = (Mu-0) = (Epsilon-0) = = = = = = = = 2.0000000E+04 Hertz 1.5000000E+04 Meters 5.8000000E+07 Mhos/M 1.2566371E-06 Henrys/M 8.8419413E-12 Farads/M (Copper) (Copper) (Free Air)
ALUMINUM (SOFT) 4.0000000E+02 Mils 1.0160000E+01 MilliMeters 6.1000000E-01 of Copper 3.5380000E+07 Mhos/Meter 1.0000000E+00 of Copper 1.2566371E-06 Henrys/Meter FREE AIR 1.0000000E+00 of Free Air 8.8419413E-12 Farads/Meter 1.4763750E+04 Feet 4.5000000E+03 Meters
Sample Problem C1
25
Sample Problem C2
26
Sample Problem C3
27
Sample Problem C4
28
Sample Problem C5
29
EDSA Micro Corp. - (C) Copyright 1996 Shielding Effectiveness Analysis Job File Name : C:\DesignBase2\Samples\Shielding\EXAM-D.SEE Date : 10/31/08 Shielding Values for Plane Wave Time : 08:27:21
Sample Problem D
30
11. Symbols and Abbreviations

dB = = = decibel 0.1 Bel 10 log ( power ratio )
electric field strength in Volts / meter
frequency in Hertz
fMHZ
frequency in Mega Hertz
magnetic field strength in amperes / meter 2r for E-Field 2 r for H-Field
1 for plane waves
= =
wave-to-metal impedance ratio, zw / zm vswr for K 1
= = = = =
meter 100 cm 1000 mm 39.37 inches 3.28 feet
mil
= =
0.001 inch 0.00254 cm
31
mm
= = = =
millimeter 0.1 cm 0.001 m 39.37 mils
distance for EMI emission source to metal barrier
metal thickness
VSWR
voltage standing wave ratio
impedance in ohms impedance of metal for t/ 1
Zm
skin depth in metal
Z0
= =
plane wave impedance

(
0 0
)2
= =
120 377 OHMS
ZW
= =
E/H wave impedance
attenuation constant
phase constant
= = =
"Gama" propagation constant
+j
32
" Epsilon "
= =
permittivity of medium
0 r
permittivity to air 0 r
r " Epsilon-r "
0 " Epsilon-0 "
= =
absolute permittivity of air 1 / ( 36 109 ) Farad / m
= =
wavelength c/f
= =
permeability of medium
0 r
= =
absolute permeability of air 4 10 7 henry / m
permeability relative to air ( or copper )
conductivity of medium in ohms per unit distance
conductivity relative to copper
33
12. Appendix A: Tutorial
Shielding Material (1 Mil of Soft Aluminum) Radar 1200 MHz
Computer Room
600 Meters 1,968.5 Ft.
Figure 3: Tutorial Case Study (File: shield see)

Since the appearance of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) as an area of research, leaders in the field have invested countless hours in the development of different approaches to the problem. As electronic equipment becomes faster and more sophisticated, its level of tolerance to electromagnetic disturbances decreases drastically. Here is where these solutions are of paramount importance. In order to achieve EMC, the problem must be viewed from two distinct perspectives: electromagnetic emissions, and electromagnetic susceptibility. Since electromagnetic noise propagates both by conduction and radiation, the scope of the problem is broad and complex. When dealing with radiated interference, two simple approaches are usually employed: - Relocation of the source or the affected equipment; or - Shielding in cases when the above is not practical The problem confronting designers of shielding enclosures is that of determining the correct type of metal to be used and its required thickness. The shielding effectiveness equations that must be solved to answer this problem are complex and cumbersome to handle. Graphical techniques are often inaccurate, time consuming, and difficult to use. EDSA's Shielding Effectiveness program offers a very simple and rapid method for calculating and solving shielding problems. The tutorial example that follows will demonstrate the power and flexibility of this program, which is capable of calculating the following two groups of parameters:
1. Shielding Effectiveness and Components
- Shielding Effectiveness in dB - Absorption Coefficient in dB - Reflection Coefficient in dB - Re-Reflection Correction Coefficient in dB 34
2. Calculated Factors and Coefficients
- Thickness/Skin Depth - Attenuation Coefficient - Propagation Coefficient - Wave/Metal Sub-Constant - Metal Impedance - Wave Impedance - Wave/Metal Impedance
1.0
Tutorial Case Study:
A weather radar that operates at 1200 MHZ is located 600 meters away from a computer room (refer to Figure 3). An electric field strength of 110 V/m is measured inside the computer room as a result of the operation of this radar. Computer peripherals and all the interconnecting cables will not be susceptible to radiation below 3V/m. To determine an inexpensive shield for the computer room, the required shielding effectiveness is the ratio of the electric field strengths 110/3 = about 37 dB. Try an inexpensive material that is easily available, "1 mil soft aluminum". As can be seen from the output marked B. The 1 mil soft aluminum will give a SE = 165 dB that is more than sufficient. 1.1 1.2 From the DesignBase main menu screen, invoke the Shielding Effectiveness program. Once in the Shielding Effectiveness program main menu, proceed to create the new file as follows: > Select File / New Job File 1.3 Begin by defining, confirming, or modifying the default Reference Standard coefficients as required. To access this information, proceed as follows: > Select Input Data / Reference Standards
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1.4
Once in the Reference Standards screen, proceed to enter or verify the above values as follows: > Speed of Light in Free Air: 300000000 Meters/Second > Conductivity of Copper: 58000000 Mhos/Meter > Permeability of Copper: 0.000001256637061436 Henrys/Meter > Permeability of Free Air: 0.000000000008841941 Henrys/Meter > Permitivity of Free Air: 0.000001256637061436 Farads/Meter > Press
1.5
Next proceed to enter the data for the source of emissions according to the following procedure: > Select Input Data / Emission Source Data
1.6
Once the Emission Source Component Values screen appears proceed to enter the required information as follows: > In the Frequency field type the frequency of the source in MHz - for this case type 1200 MHz > Press the Tab key > As the Tab key is pressed the program will automatically calculate the following: > Frequency in Hz = 1,200,000,000 > Wavelength in Meters = 0.25 > Radial Frequency in Radians/Second = 7539822368.615279 > Make sure the Transmission Medium type is FREE AIR > In the Source to Shield Distance field type 1968.50 Feet. > Press the Tab key to automatically convert the distance to Meters - 600 Meters
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1.7
Next, proceed to enter the data pertaining to the Shielding Material as follows: > Select Input Data / Barrier Shield Data
1.8
As the Barrier Shield Component Values screen appears, complete the required information as follows: > In the Metal Thickness field, type 1.0 Mils. (Thickness in Mils) > Press the Tab key > Notice that the Thickness in Millimetres field is automatically calculated as 0.025400000mm > Skip to the Shield Material pick list and select ALUMINUM (SOFT) > To modify the Shield Material coefficients or add another material to the database, proceed as follows: > In the Shield Material field type the desired new name > Input the new coefficients in the appropriate fields > Press > Note: Shield Materials can be also deleted by selecting the target from the pick list and pressing
> Notice that the rest of the fields in the screen are automatically calculated based on the following information: > Inherent properties of to the shielding material (selected or entered) > Information input in the Reference Standards table (review steps 1.3 to 1.4) > Metal Thickness input in the first sub-step of step 1.8 > Press 1.9 Finally, proceed to enter the data pertaining to the Transmission Medium as follows: > Select Input Data / Transmission Medium Data
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1.10
Once in the Transmission Medium Data screen, proceed to enter Free Air as the medium under consideration as follows: > From the Transmission Medium pick list select FREE AIR > To modify the Transmission Medium coefficients or add another medium to the database, proceed as follows: > In the Transmission Medium field type the desired new name > Input the new coefficients in the appropriate fields > Press > Note: Media can be also deleted by selecting the target from the pick list and and pressing
> The rest of the parameters are automatically calculated > Press 1.11 To view the calculated Intermediate Coefficient values, proceed as follows: > Select Calculated Variables / Intermediate Coefficients
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1.12
As the Intermediate Coefficient Values screen appears the following information must be accessed: > Attenuation Coefficient: > Phase Coefficient: > Propagation Coefficient: > Press 409401.47750229 409401.47750229 578981.12193933
1.13
To view the calculated Impedance Values proceed as follows: > Select Calculated Variables / Impedance Values
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1.14
As the Impedance Values screen appears the following information must be accessed: > Shield Barrier Impedance: 0.01636464448670 Ohms/Sq
> Wave to Metal SubConstant K: 1.0000 > Wave Impedance: > Wave to Metal Impedance: > Press 1.15 Proceed to save the file according to the following procedure: > Select File / Save As > In the File Name field type "shield.see" > Press 376.9911184307748040 Ohms 1.000000000000 Ohms
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1.16
To view a complete report of the study, proceed as follows: > Select File / To File
1.17
The results are now displayed in the Results output screen. With the aid of the tool bar menu, the user has the following options: Scroll up and down to read the results, Print the results, and Copy the results into the clipboard for importing purposes. Press DONE to return to the main menu.
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1.18
The results of the study follow:
EDSA Micro Corp. - (C) Copyright 1996 Shielding Effectiveness Analysis Job File Name : C:\DesignBase2\Projects\shield.see Date : 10/30/08 Shielding Values for Plane Wave Time : 15:23:44
42
1.19
The program also allows the user to estimate the metal thickness based on a required shielding
effectiveness value. This requires that parameters such as frequency, source-to-shield, and shield material, be specified as shown in previous steps. To use this option, proceed as follows:
Select Input Data / Estimate Thickness
1.20
As can be appreciated from the above screen capture, the thickness estimation screen retains the values that correspond to the previous calculation. Recall that a thickness of 1 Mil was specified, which in turn lead to an attenuation value of 165.531033465040480000 dB. The attenuation value will be adjusted to 500dB in the next step, and the program will calculate the metal thickness that is required to obtain it.
1.21
To calculate the metal thickness required to achieve an attenuation factor of 500 dB, proceed as follows: > In the Plane Wave field type 500 db > Press the Tab key > The required Metal Thickness is 4.703042 Mils or 0.119457255 Millimetres. > Notice that T/d has also increased as a result of the thicker layer of metal - T/d = 48.905977
43
1.22
To view the updated results based on the new attenuation factor of 500 dB, proceed as follows: > Select File / To file
1.24
The results of the new study are as follows:
EDSA Micro Corp. - (C) Copyright 1996 Shielding Effectiveness Analysis Job File Name : C:\DesignBase2\Projects\shield.see Date : 10/30/08 Shielding Values for Plane Wave Time : 15:37:42
44

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Shielding Effectiveness Program

Copyright 2008 All Rights Reserved

EDSA MICRO CORPORATION WARRANTY INFORMATION

TRADEMARK EDSA is a trademark of EDSA Micro Corporation.

COPYRIGHT Copyright 1989 - 2008 by EDSA Micro Corporation.

EDSA MICRO CORPORATION ALL RIGHTS RESERVED COPYRIGHT 2008

Figure 1: Reflection and Attenuation

7. How to Run the Program

Select Shielding Effectiveness Analysis from DesignBase Windows Menu.

Windows Jobfile extensions are: *.see. Jobfiles are in C:\DesignBase2\Samples\Shielding 6

Sample Problem "A"

Enter Metal Thickness in Mils or In Millimeters. T/d: Thickness/Skin Depth.

You can enter target values for E-Field and H-Field.

New E-Field and H-Field as a result of change in Metal Thickness.

Reference Standards Screen.

Intermediate Coefficient Values screen.

Impedance Values Screen.

60.0 3.04 meters 66.6 mils 0.17 1000.0

CALCULATE ABSOLUTE PERMEABILITY OF MEDIUM -

0.0012566371 Henrys / Medium

CALCULATE ABSOLUTE CONDUCTIVITY OF MEDIUM -

9,860,000.0 MHos / Meter

CALCULATE WAVELENGTH OF SOURCE -

CALCULATE THICKNESS OF SHIELD IN METERS - t t = = =

[ t ( 2.54 10 ) ] 10 [ 66.6 ( 2.54 10 ) ] 10

CALCULATE ATTENUATION COEFFICIENT -

60.0 0.0012566371 9860000.0

CALCULATE PHASE COEFFICIENT -

CALCULATE PROPAGATION COEFFICIENT -

CALCULATE BARRIER IMPEDANCE OF SHIELD - Z B

DETERMINE IF PLANE WAVE: if r

Therefore, not plane wave condition.

CALCULATE WAVE TO METAL SUBCONSTANT k - k

( 2.0 r ) ( 2.0 3.04 ) 5,000,000.0

CALCULATE WAVE IMPEDANCE - Z W

CALCULATE WAVE TO METAL IMPEDANCE RATIO - K E-FIELD

CALCULATE ABSORPTION LOSS - A E-FIELD AND H-FIELD A = = =

CALCULATE REFLECTION LOSS - R E-FIELD

20.0 Log 10 ( 1.0 + K E ) 2 ( 4.0 K E ) 20.0 Log 10

[ ] [( 1.0 + 4.5021052 10 ) ( 4.0 4.5021052 10 )]

20.0 Log 10 ( 1.0 + K H ) 2 ( 4.0 K H ) 20.0 Log 10

CALCULATE RE-REFLECTION LOSS - B E-FIELD

20.0 Log10 ABS 1.0 - [ ( K E -1.0 ) 2 ( K E + 1.0) 2 EXP ( 2.0 t )

20.0 Log10 ABS 1.0 - [ ( K H -1.0 ) 2 ( K H + 1.0 ) 2 EXP ( 2.0 t )

9. Computer Shielding Effectiveness

E-FIELD AND H-FIELD AC = = = EXP ( t) EXP ( 1528.248428 0.00169164 ) 13.26655453

CALCULATE REFLECTION LOSS COMPONENT - RC

( 1.0 + K E ) 2 ( 4.0 K E ) ( 1.0 + 4.5021052 1011 ) 2 ( 4.0 4.5021052 1011 )

( 1.0 + K H ) 2 ( 4.0 K H ) ( 1.0 + 6.5702999965 ) 2 ( 4.0 6.5702999965 )

CALCULATE RE-REFLECTION LOSS COMPONENT - BC

1.0 - {[ (6.5702999965 - 1.0) ( 6.5702999965 + 1.0)] 2 EXP (-2.0 2161.269653

CALCULATE SHIELD LOSS - SE E-FIELD

20.0 Log 10 [AC ABS( RC H BC H )]

Sample Problem "A"

PAGE 7 + E-Field SEE * H-Field SEH = = 243.4536493613 dB 29.2404026324 dB

10. Sample Screens

You can print your study report to a file, a printer or both.

Shielding Values for E-Field and H-Field

Mils MilliMeters of Copper Mhos/Meter of Copper Henrys/Meter

Transmission Medium Relative Permittivity Absolute Permittivity Shield Distance

Sample Problem "A"

Transmission Medium Relative Permittivity Absolute Permittivity Shield Distance

Transmission Medium Relative Permittivity Absolute Permittivity Shield Distance

Transmission Medium Relative Permittivity Absolute Permittivity Shield Distance