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Cascaded amplifiers
Cascode amplifiers
Darlington pair
Feedback pair
EE2603-03
Cascaded amplifiers
Cascaded amplifiers consists of two or more stages
of the basic BJT and/or FET circuits each of which
utilize individual power supply VCC
Transducer RO
I1
I2
Vo
Vin
Rin
I3
+Vcc
Load RL
Cascade amplifiers
Ro
-Vcc or "0"
Example:1
Find Ro2 , Rin1 , AvT
iL
vo2
=
, Ai =
of the folowing BJT BJT Cascade amplifier.
vin1
iin1
VCC=12V
VCC=12V
47k
VO
b=1
0
0
10k
b=1
0
0
15k
15k
VBB = VCC
8.2k
IL
Vin Iin
Rin
47k
8.2k
0.2K
Rin2
0.2K
RO2
R1
15
= 12
= 2.9V, RB = 47 // 15 = 11.37k
R1 + R2
15 + 47
11.37k
2.2V
26mV
26mV
IC (mA) =
= 7.03mA re =
=
= 3.7
0.313k
IC
7.03mA
EE2603-03
Vin Iin
Output resistance 2
Voltage gain 1
Voltage gain 2
Voltage gain overall
8.2k
VO
IL
b=1
0
0
10k
b=1
0
0
15k
0.2K
Rin
47k
8.2k
47k
15k
Input resistance 1
VCC=12V
VCC=12V
Rin2
0.2K
RO2
v
Rin 1 = in = RB // re = 11.37k // 100 3.7 = 0.36k
iin
Ro =
vo
= RC = 8.2k
io
R // Rin 2
v
8.2k // 0.36k 0.345
Av 1 = o 1 = C
=
=
= 9.32
vin1
re
0.037k
0.037
R // RL
v
8.2k // 10k
Av = o = C
=
= 121.8
vin 2
re
0.037k
AvT =
vo2
v
v
= o1 o2 = Av1 Av2 = ( 9.32) ( 121.8) = 1135.24
vin1 vin1 vo1
v o
R
in A R
v
iL
RL
1135.24 0.36k
in
Ai =
=
=
= v in =
= 40.87
iin v in
RL
RL
10k
vo
Current gain
Rin
EE2603-03
Example:2
Find Ro2 , Rin , AvT =
vo2
of the folowing FET FET Cascade amplifier.
vin
12V
12V
1k
Vin
1M
Rin
1k
IDSS=8mA
VP=-8V
1k
VO2
1k
1M
1k
Rin2
RO2
V
ID = IDSS 1 GS
VP
ID
8
= 8 1
( 8 + ID )2
=
8
64
gm =
2EE2603-03
IDSS
V
1 GS
VP
VP
2 8
3.06
=
1
= 1.235mS
12V
12V
1k
Vin
1M
1k
1k
IDSS=8mA
VP=8V
1M
Rin
Rin2
Input resistance 1
Rin = RG = 1M
Output resistance 2
Ro 2 = RD = 1k
VO2
1k
1k
RO2
vo1
A
=
= gm (1k // 1M) = 1.235mS 1k = 1.235
Voltage gain 1 v1
vin1
vo1
= gm (1k // 1k ) = 1.235mS 0.5k = 0.6175
vin1
v
v
v
Voltage gain overallAvT = o2 = o1 o2 = Av1 Av2 = ( 1.235 ) ( 0.6175) = 0.76
vin1 vin1 vo1
Voltage gain 2Av2 =
EE2603-03
Example:3
Find Ro2 , Rin1 , AvT =
vo2
of the folowing BJT FET Cascade amplifier.
vin1
VDD=12V
VCC=12V
47k
8.2k
Vin Iin
IDSS=8mA
VP=8V
b=1
0
0
15k
Rin
Rin
0.2K
RG=1M
VBB = VCC
RS=2.4k
Vo
RL=2.4k
Ro
R1
15
= 12
= 2.9V, RB = 47 // 15 = 11.37k
R1 + R2
15 + 47
11.37k
2.2V
26mV
26mV
IC (mA) =
= 7.03mA re =
=
= 3.7
0.313k
IC
7.03mA
EE2603-03
2.4I D
= 8 1
8
=
( 8 + 2.4ID )2
64
ID =
= 0.94mS
VP
V
VDD
Vin
RG=1M
Rin
IDSS=8mA
VP=8V
RS=2.4k
Vo
RL=2.4k
Ro
EE2603-03
VDD=12V
VCC=12V
47k
IDSS=8mA
VP=8V
8.2k
Vin Iin
b=1
0
0
15k
Rin
Input resistance 1
Output resistance 2
Voltage gain 1
Voltage gain 2
Voltage gain overall
0.2K
RG=1M
RS=2.4k
Rin
Rin2 = RG = 1M
Vo
RL=2.4k
Ro
v
Rin 1 = in = RB // re = 11.37k // 100 3.7 = 0.36k
iin
1
Ro 2 = RS //(1 / gm ) = 2.4k //
k = 2.4k // 1.06k = 0.74k
0.94
R // Rin 2
v
8.2k // 1M
Av 1 = o 1 = C
=
= 221.6
vin1
re
0.037k
g (R // RL )
v
0.94(2.4k // 2.4k )
1.13
Av 2 = o 2 = m S
=
=
= 0.53
v in 2 1 + gm (RS // RL ) 1 + 0.94(2.4k // 2.4k ) 2.13
AvT =
vo2
v
v
= o1 o2 = Av1 Av2 = 221.6 0.53 = 117.45
vin1 vin1 vo1
EE2603-03
Cascode amplifiers
Cascode amplifiers consists of two or more stages of
the basic BJT and/or FET circuits each of which
utilize single power supply VCC for both stages
Transducer RO
+Vcc
I1
Vo
Load RL
Ro
I1
Vin
-Vcc or "0"
Rin
Cascode amplifiers
10
iL
vo2
=
, Ai = of the folowing BJT BJT Cascode amplifier.
vin
iin
VCC=18V
(a) Find re
18 4.7k
4.9V 0.7V
VB 1 =
= 4.9V IC 1 =
= 3.8mA
4.7k + 5.6k + 6.8k
1.1k
26mV
IC 1 = IC 2 = 3.8mA re 1 = re 2 =
= 6.8
3.9mA
RC // RL
re
AVT =
1.8k // 10k
= 224.32
0.0068k
re
= 1
re
Vo 2
= AV 1 AV 2 = 1 224.32 = 224.32
Vin
6.8k
1.8k
VC2
VB2
VE2
VC1
Rin
RO2
IC1=IC2
b=20
0
VB1
4.7k
IL
b=20
0
10k
5.6k
Vin Iin
VO
VE1
1.1k
AVT Rin
224.32 0.887k
=
= 19.89
RL
10k
EE2603-03
11
i
vo2
, Ai = L of the folowing FET BJT Cascode amplifier.
vin
iin
VCC=20V
V
ID = IDSS 1 GS
VP
VB2
VE2
3.3 1.2ID
6
= 6 1
( 6 3.3 + 1.2ID )2
=
6
36
VP
VP
VO
I
b=1
60 L
10k
RO2
ID=IC
Vin
gm =
1.1k
VC2
91k
Iin
RG=18k
Rin
IDSS=6mA
VP=6V
R S=
1.2k
2 6
1.24
=
1
= 1.586mS
EE2603-03
12
VCC=20V
(b) Find re
1.1k
VC2
91k
26mV
ID = IC = 2.1mA re =
= 6.88
3.78mA
VB2
VE2
VO
I
b=1
60 L
10k
RO2
ID=IC
Vin
RG=18k
Iin
RC // RL
re
1.1k // 10k
=
= 144
0.0068k
Rin
IDSS=6mA
VP=6V
R S=
1.2k
First stage is CS with re2 as load AV1 = gmre2 = 1.586 10 3 6.88 = 0.0109
V
AVT = o2 = AV1 AV2 = 0.0109 144 = 1.56
Vin
Ai =
AVT Rin
RL
1.56 15k
= 2.34
10k
EE2603-03
13
Darlington pair
C
B
C
B
Q1
Q2
VCC
Test conditions
VBE
IC=100mA
hFE (D)
IC=10mA
IC=100mA
Q2
IE
Max
1.8V
4000
7000
70,000
Q1
IB
Min
IC
RB
B
QD
RE
IB =
VCC VBE
RB + DRE
IE = (D + 1)IB = DIB ,
VB = IE RE + VBE
EE2603-03
14
RB
3.3MW
Vin
IC
Q1
IB
Q2
IE
bD = 8000
VBE = 1.6V
390W
Rin
Vo
Ro
IB =
VCC VBE
RB + DRE
18 1.6
= 2.56A
3.3M + 8000 390
EE2603-03
15
RB
iin
bD = 8000
VBE = 1.6V
Q1
Vin
Q2
io
Rin
IC
C
B
RE
iin
RB
vin
Vo
I
Rin
ib
ri
bDib
io
RE
vo
I
Ro
Ro
ib =
Vin Vo
V
and Vin = ibri + DibRE in = ri + DRE
ri
ib
but Rin = RB //
Vin
= RB // ri + DRE
ib
Ro =
ibri
r
vo
v
vo
= RE // o = RE //
= RE //
= RE // i
I
io
Dib
Dib
D
Av =
Dib RE
DRE
vo
=
=
= 1( if ri << DRE )
vin ib [ri + DRE ] ri + DRE
Ai =
16
Find Ro , Rin , Av =
vo
i
, Ai = o of the folowing Darlington amplifier.
vin
iin
18V
RB
3.3MW
Vin
Q1
IB
Q2
IE
Rin
IC
ri = 5kW
bD = 8000
VBE = 1.6V
Vo
390W
Ro
Rin = RB //
Vin
= RB // ri + DRE = 3.3M //(5k + 8000 0.39k ) = 3.3M // 3.125M = 1.605M
ib
Ro = RE //
Av =
Ai =
ri
5k
= 0.39k //
= 0.39k // 0.625 = 0.625
D
8000
DRE
ri + DRE
8000 0.39k
3125k
=
= 0.998 1
5k + 8000 0.39k 5k + 3125k
EE2603-03
17
Feedback pair
C
B
Q1
Q2
C
bD
E
VCC
RC
IC
C
B
IB
RB
Q1
IB2
Q2
IE
IB =
VCC VEB1
RB + DRC
, [ D = 1 2 ]
EE2603-03
18
b1=140
b2=180
RC 75W
IC
C
IB
RB
2MW
IB =
VCC VEB1
RB + DRC
Q1
IB2
Q2
IE
18 0.7
= 4.45A [ D = 140 180 = 2520]
2M + 25200 75
19
b1 = 140
b2 = 180
iin
vin
Q1
Vin
RB
ib
B1 C1
ri1
Q2
E
RB
Rin
Vo
io
C
B
iin
RC
Ro
-
b2ib2
E2 b2ib2
IRC
vo
I
Ro
Vin
= RB //(ri1 + 12RC ) = RB // 12RC
ib
12ib RC
12RC
vo
=
=
= 1( if ri << 12RC )
vin ib [ri + 12RC ] ri + 12RC
R
RC
1 2 C
i
(R // 12RC ) (RB // 12RC )
= 1 2 B
=
12RC
RC
EE2603-03
20
Ai =
E1 b1ib
ri2
C2
Rin
RE
ib2
B2
ib
vin=0
RB
B1 C1
ri1
RC
ib2
E1 b1ib
B2
ri2
C2
-
b2ib2
E2 b2ib2
IRC
vo
I
Ro
Ro =
vo ( at Vin = 0)
v
vo
vo
= o //
= RC //
I
IRC
I IRC
12ib
= RC //
ibri1
r
= RC // i1
12ib
12
EE2603-03
21