CHAPTER 39

ALTERNATING CURRENT
1.

= 50 Hz
= 0 Sin Wt
Peak value =

2.

= 0 Sin Wt

= Sin Wt = Sin

= Wt.
4

or, t =

1
=
=
=
= 0.0025 s = 2.5 ms
400
4 2
8
8 50

Erms = 220 V
Frequency = 50 Hz
E
(a) Erms = 0
2
E0 = Erms 2 = 2 220 = 1.414 220 = 311.08 V = 311 V
(b) Time taken for the current to reach the peak value = Time taken to reach the 0 value from r.m.s

= 0 0 = 0 Sin t
2
2

1
t=
=
=
=
= 2.5 ms
4
4 2f
850
400
P = 60 W
V = 220 V = E
t =

3.

R=

v2
220 220
=
= 806.67
P
60

0 =

4.

2 E = 1.414 220 = 311.08

0
806.67
0 =
=
= 0.385 0.39 A
R
311.08
E = 12 volts
i2 Rt = i2rms RT

E2

E 2 rms

E0
2
2
2
R
R
2
2
2
2
E0 = 2E E0 = 2 12 = 2 144

5.

6.

E =

E0 = 2 144 = 16.97 17 V
P0 = 80 W (given)
P
Prms = 0 = 40 W
2
Energy consumed = P t = 40 100 = 4000 J = 4.0 KJ
6
2
E = 3 10 V/m, A = 20 cm ,
d = 0.1 mm
Potential diff. across the capacitor = Ed = 3 106 0.1 103 = 300 V
V
300
=
= 212 V
Max. rms Voltage =
2
2
39.1

Alternating Current
7.

i = i0e

ur

i2 =

i 2
1
i0 2 e 2 t / dt = 0

i2 =
8.

e 2 t / dt =

i
i0 2 1

2 1 = 0
e
2 e

C = 10 F = 10 10
E = (10 V) Sin t
E0
E
=
a) = 0 =
Xc
1

i0
i

e 2t / = 0 e 2 1
2
2
0

e 2 1

F = 10 F

10
3
= 1 10 A
1

10 10 5

b) = 100 s1
E0
10
2
=
=
= 1 10 A = 0.01 A
1
1

C
100 10 5
c) = 500 s1
E0
10
2
=
=
= 5 10 A = 0.05 A
1
1

C
500 10 5

9.

d) = 1000 s1
E0
10
1

=
= 1 10 A = 0.1 A
1
1

C
1000 10 5
Inductance = 5.0 mH = 0.005 H
1
a) = 100 s
5
XL = L = 100
= 0.5
1000

10
i= 0 =
= 20 A
XL
0 .5
1

b) = 500 s

XL = L = 500
i=

5
= 2.5
1000

0
10
=
=4A
XL
2 .5

c) = 1000 s

XL = L = 1000
i=

0
10
=
=2A
XL
5

10. R = 10 ,
E = 6.5 V,
Z=

5
=5
1000

R 2 XL 2 =

L = 0.4 Henry
30
=
Hz

R 2 (2L)2

Power = Vrms rms cos

6 .5 R
6.5 6.5 10
5
6.5 6.5 10
6.5 6.5 10
= 6.5

=
=
=
= 0.625 =
2
2
Z
Z
100 576
8
30

R 2 (2L )2
0 .4
10 2 2

39.2

Alternating Current

V2
T,
R

11. H =

H=
=

dH =

= 250 ,

E0 = 12 V,

E 0 Sin 2 t
144
dt =
sin 2 t dt = 1.44
100
R

R = 100

1 cos 2t
dt
2

3
10 3

1.44 10
Sin2t 103
dt
Cos2t dt = 0.72 10 3

0
2 0
2 0

1
( 2)
1
4

= 0.72
=
0.72 = 0.0002614 = 2.61 10 J

1000
1000 500
6
12. R = 300,
C = 25 F = 25 10 F,
0 = 50 V,
= 50 Hz
Xc =

10 4
1
1
=
=
50
c
25
2 25 10 6

R Xc

Z=

10 4
(300)
25

(300)2 ( 400 )2 = 500

E0
50
=
= 0.1 A
Z
500
(b) Average Power dissipitated, = Erms rms Cos

(a) Peak current =

E0
2

E0
2Z

E 2
R
50 50 300
3
= 02 =
=
= 1.5 .
Z
2

500

500
2
2Z

13. Power = 55 W,

Voltage = 110 V,

frequency () = 50 Hz,

V
Current in the circuit =
=
Z

220 220
(220 )2 (100 L )2

220 2 =

R 2 ( L ) 2

110 V

VR

R 2 ( L ) 2

220 V

= 110

(220)2 (100 L)2

4 2

V2
110 110
=
= 220
P
55

= 2 = 2 50 = 100
V

Voltage drop across the resistor = ir =

=

Resistance =

(220) + (100L) = (440)

4 2

48400 + 10 L = 193600
10 L = 193600 48400
142500
2
L = 2
= 1.4726
L = 1.2135 1.2 Hz
10 4
6
14. R = 300 ,
C = 20 F = 20 10 F
50
Hz
L = 1 Henry,
E = 50 V
V=

E
(a) 0 = 0 ,
Z
Z=

R 2 ( X c XL ) 2 =

2L
(300)2
2 C

1
50
= (300 )2
2
1
50

20 10 6

E0
50
0 =
=
= 0.1 A
Z
500

39.3

10 4

(300 )
100
20

= 500

Alternating Current
(b) Potential across the capacitor = i0 Xc = 0.1 500 = 50 V
Potential difference across the resistor = i0 R = 0.1 300 = 30 V
Potential difference across the inductor = i0 XL = 0.1 100 = 10 V
Rms. potential = 50 V
Net sum of all potential drops = 50 V + 30 V + 10 V = 90 V
Sum or potential drops > R.M.S potential applied.
15. R = 300
6
C = 20 F = 20 10 F
L = 1H,
Z = 500 (from 14)
E
50
0 = 50 V, 0 = 0 =
= 0.1 A
Z
500
2
6
3
Electric Energy stored in Capacitor = (1/2) CV = (1/2) 20 10 50 50 = 25 10 J = 25 mJ
2
2
3
Magnetic field energy stored in the coil = (1/2) L 0 = (1/2) 1 (0.1) = 5 10 J = 5 mJ
16. (a)For current to be maximum in a circuit
(Resonant Condition)
Xl = Xc
WL =
2

W =

1
WC

10 6
1
1
=
=
LC
36
2 18 10 6

10 3
10 3
2 =
6
6
1000
=
= 26.537 Hz 27 Hz
6 2
E
(b) Maximum Current =
(in resonance and)
R
20
2
=
=
A = 2 mA
3
10 10
10 3
17. Erms = 24 V
r = 4 ,
rms = 6 A
W=

E
24
=
=4

6
Internal Resistance = 4
Hence net resistance = 4 + 4 = 8
12
Current =
= 1.5 A
8
3
18. V1 = 10 10 V
3
R = 1 10
9
C = 10 10 F
R=

(a) Xc =

Z=
0 =

10
V1

1
10 4
5000
1
1
1
=
=
=
=
=
3
9
4
WC
2 C
2

2 10 10 10 10
2 10
R 2 Xc 2 =

E0
V
= 1 =
Z
Z

1 10

3 2

5000

5000
10 6

10 10 3
5000
10 6

39.4

10 nF

V0

Alternating Current
(b) Xc =
Z=
0 =

1
10 3
500
1
1
1
=
=
=
=
=
5

3
WC
2 C
2

2 10 10 10
2 10
R 2 Xc 2 =

500

3 2

500
10 6

10 10 3

E0
V
= 1 =
Z
Z

V0 = 0 Xc =

10

500
10 6

10 10 3
500
10 6

500
= 1.6124 V 1.6 mV

(c) = 1 MHz = 10 Hz
Xc =

1
10 2
1
1
1
50
=
=
=
=
=
6

2
WC
2 C
2

2 10 10 10
2 10

Z=

R 2 Xc 2 =

0 =

50
=

3 2

50
10 6

10 10 3

E0
V
= 1 =
Z
Z

V0 = 0 Xc =

10

50
10 6

10 10 3
50
10 6

50
0.16 mV

(d) = 10 MHz = 10 Hz
1
1
1
1
10
5
Xc =
=
=
=
=
=
7

1
WC
2 C
2

2 10 10 10
2 10
Z=
0 =

R 2 Xc 2 =

E0
V
= 1 =
Z
Z

V0 = 0 Xc =

10

3 2

5
=

5
10 6

10 10 3
5
10 6

10 10 3
5
10 6

5
16 V

19. Transformer works upon the principle of induction which is only possible in
case of AC.
Hence when DC is supplied to it, the primary coil blocks the Current supplied
to it and hence induced current supplied to it and hence induced Current in the
secondary coil is zero.

39.5

P1

Sec