SWANSEA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS MSC MARKETING DISSERTATION GUIDELINE BOOKLET 2011/12

Table of Contents Page 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Introduction What is an MSc Dissertation? MSc Dissertation Structure Assessment Criteria Originality of your dissertation Role of your supervisor Ethical approval Attendance during Part Two 10.1 Authorised Absence Time Limits and Extensions 3 3 3 6 7 7 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 14 14 14 15 17 19 29 31 38 40 50

10. Bar on Access 11. The MSc Dissertation Layout (From front to back and the spine) 11.1. Number of Copies 11.2 Word Count or Limits 11.3 The Internal Layout of the MSc Dissertation 11.4 Distinguishing the Sections 11.5 The Main Text 11.6 Type of Paper and Formatting 12. Submission 13. Non-Submission and Re-submissions Appendix A Record of Supervision Form Appendix B Ethical Evaluation Form Appendix C Request for Authorisation of Absence Appendix D Extension Request Form Appendix E Electronic Submission Appendix F Referencing Guide for Taught Postgraduate Students Appendix G - Full list of supervisors, by student number

1. Introduction This handbook outlines the requirements of your MSc Dissertation and provides clear guidance on the preparation of an MSc Dissertation, prior to its submission for examination. The MSc Dissertation is your own work. Its purpose is to demonstrate your understanding of: a marketing problem; the relevance of empirical research and how these methods might be applied to the problem; and the implications of the findings of your own research, if you have collected primary data. Before submitting your MSc Dissertation for examination check, re-check and then go through it again. The standards are demanding: be sure you meet them! It is essential to separate your own research and results from the work of other researchers. Clear and accurate referencing and acknowledgement is one of the most important features of a good MSc Dissertation.

2. What is an MSc Marketing Dissertation? The dissertation forms the requirement of Part Two of the MSc Marketing programme. The dissertation is the capstone project of a Masters degree and should reflect the worth of the student. It is, in essence, a written report of no more than 20,000 words in length, based upon a comprehensive understanding of the relevant literature and elements of primary and/or secondary data research you have conducted yourself. A comprehensive understanding of the academic debate and critical application of existing research and the students own research to the context are key to the MSc Dissertation. A broad range of topics can be investigated for your dissertation. You should start by identifying a well-defined marketing topic of importance to a contemporary industrial/commercial/public sector or organisation. Therefore, you should begin by identifying an explicit and established topic, to which you may have been introduced during your Part One studies. You should select a topic that has inspired research and about which information is readily available. The dissertation should not simply describe a company, organisation or institution, although aspects of the report may well include company information such as financial or product/marketing information. 3. MSc Dissertation Structure The outline given below is a guide which can be used to help you structure your dissertation. Bear in mind that this is only a rough guide and there are many variations from this that are quite acceptable, for example you may have an Introduction chapter followed by a separate Literature Review chapter, or you may further subdivide your literature review into two or more chapters. The word allocation between chapters shown below is also only a rough guide, but make sure that you dont spend too long on your Introduction and Literature Review chapter, then hurriedly do very short methodology and analysis chapters. Many students also treat the Conclusions/Discussion chapter as an afterthought make sure you allow enough time to bring out the full implications of your research in this chapter.

Students sometimes ask if they can see previous students completed dissertations to give them guidance about what their own dissertation should look like. You will find a selection of dissertations in the university library. However, you should be very cautious when looking at previous dissertations, for a number of reasons: 1. You will not see the mark given to the dissertation; therefore it can be difficult for you to distinguish between a good dissertation and a bad one. 2. Although there is a fairly standard generic approach to structuring a dissertation, the actual result can look very different, even for two dissertations that are marked very highly. For example, a dissertation that uses a predominantly qualitative methodology may look quite different to one that uses a quantitative methodology. 3. You may be reading a dissertation on a subject that you know nothing about and the level of detailed knowledge contained in it may at first sight seem quite daunting to you. Dont panic, your task is to become equally expert in your own chosen topic, so when any future students look through your dissertation, they will be impressed by the level of detailed knowledge that you have demonstrated. If you decide to look through some previous dissertations, try to undertake your own critical evaluation of them, so that this may guide the way you write your own dissertation: 1. Is the literature review well organised? Does it guide you through the key points and give a good justification for the topics that are covered and topics that are not covered in the review? Is there a clearly stated rationale for undertaking the research? Where appropriate, has thus been expressed clearly as hypotheses? Look through the methodology closely and be critical about how the author of the dissertation has justified the choice of methodology, their approach to sampling, and the application of the methodology, for example the measurement scales used. Remember that the marker of your own dissertation will be doing exactly this for your completed dissertation, so try and practice distinguishing a good methodology from a bad one. Look through the analysis and asked whether you would really believe the findings - how robust do you consider the tests to be? If you are making important decisions, would you want to rely on these results? Are the conclusions interesting and do they bring out the key findings of your research, or do they look hurried and inconclusive? A common problem of many dissertations is that students leave their conclusions section to the last minute, so they do not bring out all the implications of their work. Finally, just look through the general quality, layout and presentation. Does the list of references show evidence of widespread reading? Are all of the details of the references complete? Does the dissertation look like a professional piece of work that somebody has spent three months working on, or does it come through as a hurried, incomplete piece of work? 5

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Title Page

See below**

Declarations/Statements See below** Acknowledgements Contents Page Abstract (about 300 words) Introduction and literature review (about 3-5,000 words) The whole report in miniature no more than 1 page This section of your dissertation should set the scene for what is to follow. You should introduce the nature of the problem to be investigated, and give a rationale for undertaking the study. You should follow this with a literature review. The relevant literature will be critically reviewed, leading to a specification of the research questions or hypotheses. One of the skills of the literature review is deciding what is important and what is irrelevant, and making critical connections between the literature. Statement of research question and/or hypotheses (about 500 words) It is often useful to have a short section after your literature review specifying quite clearly the research question which you will be tackling in your subsequent methodology and analysis.

The methodology (about This section should begin with a general statement of 2-3,500 words) the approach that you will adopt, for example whether you will be using quantitative or qualitative approaches, or a combination of the two. You should give a critical justification for your choice of approach. You should then provide more detail of your methodology, for example how you went about sampling, or constructed your questionnaire. You must give justification for all stages of your methodology.

Results and analysis In this chapter, you present results that are relevant to (about 5-7,000 words) the research question that you had previously specified. Use the most appropriate means of presenting your results (for example, a combination of tables, charts, graphs etc.). Larger tables which are of secondary importance may be placed in an Appendix. Be sure to justify your results and wherever necessary, give statements about the significance of your results. Conclusions (and Recommendations if applicable) (1-3,500 words It can sometimes be difficult to distinguish between the results chapter and the conclusions chapter. Some overlap is inevitable, but the results chapter should focus on the actual data, while the conclusions chapter should be your opportunity to interpret the data in the 6

context of the previous literature. You should also note the limitations of your study and make suggestions for further research which might answer some of the questions that you were unable to answer within your dissertation. Appendices Provide full details of any primary investigation, including transcripts of interviews, questionnaires or other documentation. Remove names or other identifiers of confidential information. Provide a fully referenced list of authors in alphabetical order. You must use the Harvard referencing style you have already been provided with referencing guidelines. This information is repeated in Appendix F of this Guideline Booklet please read it again before you begin discussing what other authors have written.

Bibliography

** Details of the wording which you should use on the Title Page and in the Declarations/Statements are given in section 11.4 of this handbook

4. Assessment Criteria The students should be able to design, conduct and present a sustained exploration of a chosen topic in the area of Marketing involving an appreciation of the relevant literature, independent investigation and critical analysis. After a suitable time of independent study and research the student will produce a written dissertation not exceeding 20,000 words which clearly documents the work undertaken. Examiners will seek to award good grades to students who specifically: Demonstrate a thorough understanding of the professional and academic context of the marketing issue or problem; Use appropriate methods of analysis and quantitative and/or qualitative information from a variety of sources to investigate the problem or issue; Critically evaluate different arguments, viewpoints and potential courses of action in a balanced and rational manner. Document the study in a logical, coherent and concise manner, appropriate to a professional audience and using appropriate referencing1, (if primary research has been performed, such as interviews or questionnaires, these must be properly documented)2; and, Complete a clear, concise abstract of the purpose, scope and findings of the report.

You must use the Harvard referencing style for your dissertation. Information on this is provided in Appendix F of this document. 2 For example, you must include survey data (e.g. questionnaires) or interview transcripts in an Appendix and/or provide the electronic data set on a CD when submitting your dissertation.

Assessment Criteria
1. Knowledge and understanding of the subject area and its principles and concepts; evidence of relevant reading; accuracy of work 2. Structure of work Ability to identify research questions, use appropriate methodology, collect and analyse relevant data, develop arguments and reach appropriate conclusions 3. Level of critical and analytical ability Capacity to select and evaluate material; level of originality of thought; ability to analyse literature 4. Presentation Grammar, style of writing, lay out, referencing and bibliography 5. Originality of your dissertation

Distinction (70% +)

Merit (6069%)

Pass (5059%)

Fail (0-49%)

During the MSc programme, you should have become aware of the importance of ensuring that work that you claim to be your own, is actually your own. The Internet has provided dissertation students with previously unimaginable access to information that can really make a difference to your dissertation. Use these sources to generate ideas, obtain secondary data and obtain references for your work. However, before you cut and paste, you must pay particular attention to university requirements in respect of the originality of your work, otherwise you could fall foul of measures to stop plagiarism. Plagiarism is essentially about presenting other peoples work as though it was your own, and is severely punished. Dissertations are routinely submitted to Turnitin which immediately picks up similarities with material previously published in books, journals, and even unpublished student dissertations from around the world. The message is quite simple - if you are going to use other peoples work, this is fine, as long as you make reference to the source. Your supervisor can give advice about whether you are using too much material from other sources, and not making an adequate contribution of your own. Details of university policies on unfair practice can be found in the Universitys Academic Guide 2010/11 available at: www.swan.ac.uk/registry/academicguide/assessmentandprogress/unfairpracticeproc edure/1definitionofunfairpractice/

6. Role of the Supervisor You will be allocated a supervisor from the Schools academic staff. This will be confirmed in a meeting with all students before the exam period. The role of the supervisor is one of advice and support. You must take personal responsibility for and control of your dissertation and should not expect your supervisor to give you 8

step-by-step instructions on how to proceed. Supervisors are expected to comment on your work in broad terms, but are not expected to proof read, correct typographical errors etc. They will not be pleased if you present them with drafts which are incoherent and muddled. It is helpful for you to think of your supervisor as a (limited) resource. Supervisors are obliged to read only one draft chapter of the MSc Dissertation so make sure the draft you submit for comments is sufficiently developed. You also need to take into consideration the fact that supervisors have many other commitments so you need to allow plenty of time for comments and feedback on submitted work. Please also note that many staff are away from Swansea outside of term time, so you cannot always expect regular personal meetings with your supervisors during these periods. Swansea University has a policy on the supervision of Postgraduate Taught Masters students, which is available on the university website at: http://www.swan.ac.uk/registry/academicguide/postgraduatetaughtawardsregulations /postgraduatetaughtmastersdegrees/12supervisionofdissertation/ The policy includes the following important guidance: Full-time students are required to be in attendance at the University and be available for supervision during Part Two. Students are required to meet with their supervisor at least three times.

It is your responsibility to arrange supervision sessions, and you should bear in mind that academic staff will not be available at certain times in the summer. Many students will have frequent contact with their supervisor, especially at key stages, such as formulating the research problem, and final writing up. However, it is important that you document three key meetings in the dissertation process: First meeting: in June, as soon as you know your Part One examination results. Discuss your topic and agree a work plan. Set deadlines for completion of work and discuss the dissertation structure. Discuss the issue of unfair practice (plagiarism) and the Harvard referencing style required by the School. The Schools Ethical Evaluation form (Appendix B) will have to be filled in jointly by your supervisor and yourself. Second meeting: July/August. Discuss your progress and draft sections of your work. Your supervisor should ensure that you are still able to complete the work in accordance with the work plan. If there are any issues (such as illness) which may affect your work plan tell your supervisor at this meeting, and also inform your personal tutor. Third meeting: August/September - no later than mid-September. Discuss a draft of your dissertation. You must allow your supervisor time to read this draft, so that you can discuss it at this meeting. You should provide a draft to your supervisor at least one week before this meeting.

A record agreed between your supervisor and you shall be kept, including dates, action agreed and deadlines set. This is done by you and your supervisor completing & initialling the Record of Supervision Form in Appendix A. It is your responsibility to maintain this record and to include the fully completed and signed form in your MSc Dissertation (see section on layout of a MSc Dissertation below). Additional Support A dedicated member of staff will be available to provide additional general support sessions, and to monitor progress. Further details of the location and times of availability of the support will be given to students once the support has been set up. This will provide a point of contact for MSc students in order to supplement meetings with individual supervisors and will give advice to help you to ensure that your work is at an appropriate standard with respect to style, structure, referencing, sourcing and presentation. They will not write your questionnaire, or proof read your report. You are encouraged to bring short samples of your work to discuss on a regular basis. Work samples should take the following form: An excerpt of your Dissertation, of your choosing, that does not exceed 1,000 words Any references appearing in this excerpt must also be provided. If the section you choose to submit does not contain references then you must submit a sample of your references

It is to your benefit to submit an excerpt that you are worried about, or that youre not terribly confident in, or that you believe to be of lesser quality to other potential excerpts you might submit. The goal is not to show off how brilliant you are by submitting the best sections, but to identify and remedy the shortcomings of your weaker sections.

7. Ethical Evaluation The School of Business and Economics has a Research Ethics Policy that applies to all research undertaken within the School which involves the use or collection of confidential data and/or which raise wider ethical issues. The policy is intended to cover work done by undergraduates, postgraduates (taught and research), research staff and academic staff. The Ethical Evaluation Form in Appendix B MUST be discussed and completed in the FIRST meeting with your supervisor. Most students will complete the short form and retain it to include in their Dissertation once the form has been signed by the supervisor. If ethical approval is required, the longer form must be filled in and passed on by your supervisor to the Chair of the Schools Research Committee for their approval before you commence any further work on your Dissertation. The completed form must then be included in your Dissertation (see section on layout of a Dissertation below).

8. Attendance during Part Two Full-time students are required to be in attendance at the University and be available for supervision during Part Two. 10

The University will continue to monitor students attendance during Part Two and will take relevant action involving those students whose attendance is deemed to be unsatisfactory. For this purpose, students must continue to sign in at School level with their personal tutor on a monthly basis as well as completing the Record of Supervision Form (as above) at each supervision session. In addition all overseas students are required to continue to sign in monthly at University Level on the Central Register. 8.1 Authorised Absence Students undertaking research away from the University or leaving Swansea for personal reasons must request an authorisation of absence from their supervisor and inform their personal tutor. Students who are absent without authorisation will be reported to the Academic Registry and may be withdrawn from University. Overseas students may also be reported to the UKBA. A copy of the proforma authorising absence can be found in Appendix C. This should be completed, signed by the student and the supervisor and then handed into the Schools PG Office for processing. The University cannot be held responsible for withdrawing a student for nonattendance where the student may have extenuating circumstances if these circumstances have not been made known to the School or the University.

9. Time Limits and Extensions The expectation is that students will submit their Dissertation within the time-limit laid down by the regulation. The normal deadline dates are: 28 September 2012 30 November 2012 For students completing Part One in June. For students with re-sits in August, who will not begin serious work on their reports until they have passed Part One.

PLEASE NOTE: Students must ensure that their research can be completed in 3 months and should take note of public holidays etc both in the UK and overseas when drawing up their work plan. A candidate's time-limit may be extended by Swansea University in exceptional cases. It is the responsibility of the student to bring to the attention of their supervisor any foreseeable events which may interfere with their work and result in a possible extension request. Extensions may be granted on compassionate grounds, in cases of illness, serious domestic difficulties, or inordinate professional commitments (part-time students only) which can be demonstrated to have adversely affected a candidate's ability to complete within the stipulated period. A full and reasoned case, supported by appropriate medical or other independent evidence, must be made by the School for the consideration of Swansea University. Students who request an extension on such grounds must complete the official Extension Request Form in Appendix D. A clear statement must be supplied, showing that the School concerned has evaluated the situation in which the candidate finds him/herself as a result of the illness or other circumstance and that it 11

considers the requested extension to be appropriate. Such a statement will, wherever possible, follow direct contact between the candidate and the School PLEASE ALSO NOTE: Students should also take note of accommodation issues. If students have to change accommodation during the dissertation period, it is important that you take this into consideration when drawing up their work plan.

10. Bar on Access There are two main reasons for requesting a bar on access to the MSc Dissertation: Restricting access to a commercially or otherwise sensitive MSc Dissertation. Protecting your intellectual property - or that of the company you work with.

Sometimes the results of research are commercially valuable or sensitive in other ways, say, in the use of material that is restricted by agreements or other contracts. To protect this confidentiality the University permits a Bar on Access to be placed on the MSc Dissertation and this will mean that it will not be available to the general reader for up to five years. (The period can be extended in special circumstances.) However, an MSc Dissertation is meant to be a published work, openly available to all scholars in the field of study. To gain permission to place a Bar on Access the School must make a request through the Universitys Student Cases Committee. The request must state the reasons for a bar being placed. If you feel that your work should be protected, or if you have undertaken the work in collaboration with a commercial company or an agency (like the National Health Service Trusts) requiring consideration by an ethics committee prior to research or publication, you should discuss this matter with your supervisor. Do not wait until the MSc Dissertation is ready for submission. If you feel that the work is likely to be sensitive in the manner mentioned above, discuss it with your supervisor and ask for the request to be made as early as possible as the approval process may take several weeks. You are also likely to be asked for proof why your data should be protected in this way; this means you may have to provide a supporting letter from the organization whose data will be protected. Note, too, that in these circumstances a different statement is used on the Statements and Declarations page of your MSc Dissertation. (See below.)

11. The MSc Dissertation Layout (From front to back - and the spine) Producing a MSc Dissertation is hard work. Do not be put off or fret over the minor details of line spacing, margins or what must go onto the cover of the book. Read this section briefly now and talk over the details with your supervisor to make sure that there are no special subject conventions, before you start writing. 11.1. Number of Copies

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Two soft-bound copies of the MSc Dissertation and one electronic copy must be submitted for examination to the University. After examination the temporary-bound copies may be retained by the School and eventually returned to you, depending on School policy. MSc Dissertations which are of particular relevance to Wales or Celtic Studies may be deposited in the University Library (copies retained by Swansea University may be decommissioned after one year). 11.2. Word Count or Limits The word limit is 20,000; this is a maximum limit and is for the main text. The word limit excludes appendices (if any), and essential footnotes, but includes introductory parts and statements, the bibliography and index. 11.3 The Internal Layout of the MSc Dissertation If the MSc Dissertation is submitted as a single volume the layout will generally follow this pattern: Title page Abstract Declarations and Statements Completed & signed Ethical Evaluation Form Completed & signed Record of Supervision Form Contents page List of tables, illustrations, etc. Preface Acknowledgements Definitions or Abbreviations TEXT: Appropriately divided and with chapters and sections continuously paginated. (The layout of the text is an important aspect of MSc Dissertation design. The division of material can be by Parts, Chapters, Sections, etc. - Supervisor advice is essential) Appendices Glossary (if required) Bibliography Index 11.4. Distinguishing the Sections First page - Title Page The title page must contain the following information, suitably spaced: The title and any subtitle The full name of the candidate Submitted to Swansea University in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MSc Marketing Swansea University, 2012

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Second page Abstract A brief description of the work: its aims, methods and conclusions. Not more than three hundred words, using single line spacing. Third page - Declarations and Statements A standard statement and the required declarations.

DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed Date

STATEMENT 1 This MSc Dissertation is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references. A bibliography is appended. Signed Date

STATEMENT 2 I hereby give my consent for my MSc Dissertation, if relevant and accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed Date

Please Note: Candidates on whose behalf a bar on access has been approved by the University (see Bar on Access above), should use the following version of Statement 2: I hereby give my consent for my MSc Dissertation, if relevant and accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loans after expiry of a bar on access approved by the University. Signed Date

Fourth page - Completed & signed Ethical Evaluation Form Insert completed and signed form - (Blank form available in Appendix B) Fifth page - Completed & signed Record of Supervision Form Insert completed and signed form - (Blank form available in Appendix A) Sixth page - Contents The division of the MSc Dissertation, with page numbers. 14

11.5 The Main Text Candidates should seek the advice of their Supervisor as to the appropriate form of division of the main text into parts, chapters and sections. Appendices Glossary (if appropriate) Bibliography Index 11.6 Type of Paper and Formatting Paper White, A4-size, with sufficient opacity to prevent any show-through: to achieve this you should employ paper with a weight of 70 to 100 gsm. Print Text should be printed in black ink on one side of the page only. This prevents showthrough and helps to ensure that photocopies are clear. Character or Print Height Print or character size should not be less than 8 point (2.50mm) but, normally, the text-size would be equivalent to 12pt Times New Roman. (The size of text used in this sentence.) Margins Margins should be 4cm (1 inches) wide on the left-hand side and 2cm ( inch) on the right-hand side. Line Spacing Double or one-and-a-half line spacing should be used in the main text. However, single spacing should be used in the summary and in any indented quotations and footnotes. Page Numbering Pages in the MSc Dissertation should be numbered sequentially. Page numbers should be placed top-right or bottom centre.

12. Submission All MSc Dissertations must be submitted to the Schools PG Office before 3:00pm on the given date of submission. The following requirements must be adhered to:1. Students must submit TWO heat bound/fast back bound copies. This binding is available from most printers including the Academic Registry Print Room 15

and the Reprographic Unit in the School of Engineering. Contact details for both are posted outside the Schools PG Office. 2. Students must submit an electronic copy to Blackboard via Turnitin UK by the same deadline. Instructions for electronic submission for MSc students are attached in Appendix E. Plagiarism detection software will be used to check your report, and any unfair practice will be dealt with strictly. Information about unfair practice can be found in the Universitys Academic Guide 2010/11 available at: www.swan.ac.uk/registry/academicguide/assessmentandprogress/unfairpracti ceprocedure/1definitionofunfairpractice/ 3. Students must ensure that their MSc Dissertation includes the required signed Declarations and Statements and both the completed and signed Ethical Evaluation Form and Record of Supervision Form (blank forms available in Appendices A and B). 4. Students must submit a copy of their data to their supervisor prior to handing in the MSc Dissertation. For example: o Students who conducted a questionnaire survey must submit the original data files (e.g. SPSS or Excel spreadsheets) their analyses are based on. o Students who conducted interviews must to submit a copy of your interview transcripts or, if you relied on field notes only, a copy of your field notes. Please note: Completed questionnaires, data files, interview transcripts or field notes must be supplied in a separate folder or disk. Your supervisor will then sign your Record of Supervision Form to say they have been received. 5. Examination of your report: Your report will be examined by two internal examiners. A sample of reports will also be sent to an external examiner. If you submit your report by September 2012, your result should be available in January 2013. If you should have any queries regarding your submission, please contact your supervisor and NOT the Schools PG Office.

13. Non-Submissions and Re-submissions Students who entered the University in or after 2009/2010 who fail to submit their Dissertation by the deadline will FAIL Part Two of the programme and will be awarded a Postgraduate Diploma as an exit award. Candidates who submit their MSc Dissertation by the deadline and fail will be given a resubmission in accordance with the time-limits set out in the table below. If an MSc Dissertation is not accepted by the examiners by the set deadline the candidate may be allowed to resubmit it once only within the following time-limits:

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Mode of Study Full-time Part-time

Entry In or After 2009/2010 3 months 6 months

Entry Prior to 2009/2010 6 months 12 months

A fee shall be payable to the University for the examination of such a re-presented MSc Dissertation. The mark for a re-submitted MSc Dissertation will be capped. Students resubmitting their MSc Dissertation should be given one formal feedback session including written feedback on the reasons for failure immediately following confirmation of the result by the Award Board. Your supervisor should ensure that feedback reflects all comments from the Examiners (Internal and External) and that you are informed of the necessary changes required. Students re-submitting their MSc Dissertations are only permitted to make minor changes to the title of their MSc Dissertation with the permission of their Supervisor. Such changes should not require any further original research. Students resubmitting their MSc Dissertation shall be considered as enrolled resubmitting. Full-time students will be expected to be in attendance at Swansea during the resubmission period unless their absence has been authorised by the Head of School or his/her designate.

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APPENDIX A Record of Supervision Form

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RECORD OF SUPERVISION FORM

NOTE: This form must be brought to each supervision session, signed and included in the completed MSc Dissertation.
(To be completed as appropriate by student and supervisor at the end of each supervision session, and initialed by both as being an accurate record. Note: it is the students responsibility to arrange supervision sessions and he/she should bear in mind that staff will not be available at certain times in the summer).

Student Name: MSc Dissertation Title: Supervisor: Supervision Date, Duration Notes

Student Number:

Initials Supervisor

Initials Student

1: Brief outline of research question and preliminary title 2: Ethical Evaluation Form Completed 3: Discussion of detailed plan and bibliography

4: Progress report, discussion of draft chapter

5: (optional) progress report

6: Submission

Statement of Originality: I certify that this MSc Dissertation is my own work and that where the work of others has been used in support of arguments or discussion, full and appropriate acknowledgement has been made. I am aware of and understand the Universitys regulations on plagiarism and unfair practice. Student Signature:____________________________ Data Files Received By: Supervisor Signature:__________________________ Date:_____________ Date:_____________

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APPENDIX B Ethical Evaluation Form

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ETHICAL EVALUATION FORM

Name

Student Number (if applicable) Course (if applicable) E-mail address Title of Proposed Research

Type of Researcher (please tick)

Undergraduate student Postgraduate student Member of staff

Postgraduate or undergraduate students should give the name of the academic supervising or overseeing their work

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Ethical Evaluation: Do you need ethical approval or not? If you are in doubt about whether or not you need to obtain ethics approval you need to check the ethical code of conduct for your professional body if any and the ESRC Research Ethics Framework: www.esrcsocietytoday.ac.uk/ESRCInfoCentre/opportunities/research_ethics_framework/ Please answer all questions by ticking the box YES NO 1. Does your project involve participants who are particularly vulnerable or unable to give informed consent? (e.g. people under 18; people with learning disabilities; students you teach/assess) 2. Will it be necessary for participants to take part in the study without their informed consent at the time? (e.g. covert observation) 3. Will any financial inducements (other than reasonable expenses / compensation for time) be offered to participants? 4. Will the study involve discussion of sensitive topics in a personal, social, cultural, or commercial sense? (e.g. sexual activity, bereavement, drug use, illegal activities, whistle blowing) 5. Will the project gather data from risky participants or difficult environments (e.g. working with the general public in their homes) 6. Could the study place researchers or participants at risk of physical or psychological harm, distress, or negative consequences beyond the risks encountered in normal life? 7. Does the study involve the use of secondary (survey) data for which you have not agreed to accept the conditions of release set by the data depository, which protects the anonymity of respondents. [Aggregate series available publicly are exempt] 8. Will the study involve recruitment of patients or staff through the NHS? 9. If your research involves human subjects, will arrangements be made to ensure that data obtained from/about participants remains confidential? [if your research does not involve human subjects, tick white box] If you ticked a WHITE box for ALL questions in the checklist, further ethical approval from the Schools Research Committee is not required. Simply sign the section below and get your supervisor to tick the relevant box and sign the declaration below. Include the completed form in your Dissertation/Management Report. If you are applying for Research Council or other External funding which involves collecting data from human participants, then, if successful, you will need to submit an ethics approval form to the Schools Research Committee and obtain ethics approval before work can commence. Your supervisor will refer your completed form to the Chair of the Research Committee for approval. Once this has been obtained the completed form should be included in your Dissertation/Management Report.

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Applicants signature: Date:

____________________________ ____________________________

Supervisor declaration (for student research only) Please tick as appropriate: I have discussed the checklist and ethical implications of the proposed research with the student and am satisfied that the study does not raise ethical problems that must be considered by the schools Research Committee. I have discussed the checklist and ethical implications of the proposed research with the student. One or more potential ethical issues have been identified which require completion of the Ethical Approval Form for consideration by the schools Research Committee.

Signature of Supervisor: ___________________________

Date:

___________________________

RESEARCH MAY ONLY COMMENCE ONCE ETHICAL EVALUATION FORM HAS BEEN COMPLETED AND SIGNED OFF.

Signature of member Research Committee (For Staff Research only!): ____________________________

Date:

____________________________

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Application for Ethical Approval

PLEASE COMPLETE THE FORM USING TYPESCRIPT (hand-written applications will not be considered) Name

Student Number (if applicable) Course (if applicable) E-mail address Type of Researcher (please tick) Undergraduate student Postgraduate student Member of staff Postgraduate or undergraduate students should give the name of the academic supervising or overseeing their work

PROPOSED RESEARCH PROJECT DETAILS: Title:

Start/End Dates: Funder (if applicable): Has funding been applied for? YES Application Date: Has funding been awarded? YES NO NO

Will ethical approval also be sought for this project from another source? YES NO If yes what is this source? 24

1. Briefly describe the main aims of the research you wish to undertake. Please use non-technical language wherever possible.

2.

Briefly describe the overall design of the project

3. Briefly describe the methods of data collection and analysis. Please describe all measures to be employed. If questionnaire or interviews are to be used, please append the questionnaire / interview questions and schedule.

4.

Location of the proposed research

5. Describe the participants: give the age range, gender, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and any particular characteristics pertinent to the research project.

6.

How will the participants be selected and/or recruited?

7. What procedures (e.g., interviews, computer-based learning tasks, etc.) will be carried out on the participants?

8. What potential risks to the participants do you foresee and how do you propose to ameliorate/deal with potential risks? For instance, provide contact details of counselling services and relevant community support organizations, etc.

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9. What potential risks to the interests of the researchers do you foresee and how will you ameliorate/deal with potential risks?

10. How will you brief and debrief participants? (Please attach copy of debrief information to be given to participants) If they will not be debriefed, give reasons for this.

11. Will informed consent be sought from Yes (Please attach a copy of participants? Will participants be informed of the consent form) the proposed use of the data? No If no, please explain below:

12. If there are doubts about participants abilities to give informed consent, what steps have you taken to ensure that they are willing to participate?

13. If participants are under 18 years of age, please describe how you will seek informed consent. If the proposed research is to be conducted in a school, please describe how you will seek general consent from the relevant authorities and attach a copy of any written consent.

14.

How will consent be recorded?

15. Will participants be informed of the right to withdraw without Yes penalty? No If no, please detail the reasons for this:

16. How do you propose to ensure participants confidentiality and anonymity? Please state who will have access to the data and what measures will be adopted to maintain the confidentiality of research subjects and to comply with data protection requirements? What will happen to the data at the end of the proposed project?

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17. Please describe which of the following will be involved in your arrangements for storing data: Manual files (e.g. paper documents or X-rays) Home or other personal computer University computer Private company or work-based computer Laptop computer Other (please define) Please explain, for each of the above, the arrangements you will make for the security of the data (please note that any data stored on computer must have password protection as a minimum requirement):

18. Will payments or subject pool credits be made to Yes participants? No If yes, please specify quantities involved (e.g., 5 or 1 hour credits):

DECLARATION: I am satisfied that all ethical issues have been identified and that satisfactory procedures are in place to deal with those issues in this research project. I will abide by the procedures described in this form. Signature of Applicant:

Date: Supervisor declaration (for student research only) I have discussed the ethics of the proposed research with the student and am satisfied that all ethical issues have been identified and that satisfactory procedures are in place to deal with those issues in this research project. Signature of Supervisor:

Date:

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CHECKLIST OF ATTACHMENTS: PLEASE REMEMBER TO ATTACH COPIES OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING (WHERE RELEVANT) *INCOMPLETE APPLICATIONS WILL NOT BE CONSIDERED* Copy of Participant Information Sheet Copy of Consent Form Copy of Participant debrief Copy of any questionnaires and/or interview schedules to be employed Copy of written consent from local authorities or other government bodies If your proposed research is with vulnerable groups (e.g., children, people with developmental disorder), please attach a copy of your clearance letter from the Criminal Records Bureau (if UK) or equivalent non-UK clearance.

Research Committee Use Only Considered by Research Committee/Chairs Action (delete as applicable) on Date: Recommendation: Accept Amend Comments: Amend and Resubmit Reject

If your proposal is not accepted, please ensure that you take account of these comments and prepare a revised submission that should be either shown to your supervisor (if you are an undergraduate or postgraduate student) or resubmitted (if you are a member of staff) to the Schools Research Committee. Unresolved issues will be referred to the Universitys Ethics Committee. Signed Off by member Research Committee:

___________________________________

28

COMPLAINTS PROCEDURE If a complaint about the conduct of any research is received, no matter how minor, this should be passed on immediately to the Schools Research Committee for consideration. It will convene a meeting to review the nature of the complaint and the ethical procedures followed in the conduct of the research.

ANNUAL AUDIT Every year the Schools Research Committee will randomly sample the ethical conduct of research projects carried out within the school. Those whose research is sampled will be asked to review the ethical issues which arose and how they dealt with them. They will also be asked to review the efficacy of the ethics approval process.

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APPENDIX C Request for Authorisation of Absence

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REQUEST FOR AUTHORISATION OF ABSENCE FROM THE UNIVERSITY

SECTION A: Personal Details Surname: Forenames: Student Record Number:

SECTION B: Programme Details Programme of Study: Level of Study e.g. L1, P1: Not applicable for Research students Home School:

SECTION C: Request for Absence Period of leave/absence requested beginning first day of absence ending last: First day of absence Last day of absence Reason for leave/absence: Personal Brief outline of reason for absence: Medical Research Study Other

SECTION D: Student Signature I confirm that the information above is correct and that this is a temporary request for absence and that I am still continuing with my studies at Swansea University. Signature: Date:

SECTION E: Authorisation by school I hereby authorise the above absence from the university. Signed HOS/Designate: Print Name: Date of Signature:

Forward to Academic Registry, Stable Block, Singleton Abbey, Swansea SA2 8PP OFFICE USE ONLY School Record Updated Central Record Updated

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APPENDIX D Extension Request Form

32

P0708-384 SWANSEA UNIVERSITY POSTGRADUATE TAUGHT MASTERS APPLICATION FOR EXTENSION TO THE SUBMISSION DEADLINE / PERIOD OF CANDIDATURE

APPLICANT DETAILS Student Surname: School: Dept: Start Date:

How much extra time is requested, please tick
(SITS = Expected End Date)

First Names:

Student ID No.

Full or Part-time Study

Scheme: Candidature End Date: Current Submission Deadline:

Basis: please mark relevant box(es) u compassionate u serious domestic difficulties u medical u inordinate professional commitments (normally P/T students) u other if other please elaborate

Year 15 December . 15 March . 15 October u u u

Other (please specify): .. If an extension has already been granted, please give details: Brief summary of grounds for request (INDEPENDENT EVIDENCE MUST BE PROVIDED) Does the School support the Application for Extension? Please provide a full statement (see overleaf) If no does not proceed Confirmation Signatures from School or designate: YES / NO

With our formal request for an extension we confirm that we have attached (please tick) u u u u A statement from the Student A statement of support from the School (see overleaf) Information/independent evidence supporting the grounds for the request An evaluation of progress to date including a work plan, which has been agreed with the student, for completion of the dissertation/thesis within the timescale of the extension (see overleaf)

Applications without these attachments will be returned to the school without approval. Supervisor: .. Date . Print Name: . Head of School or designate: . . Date . Print Name: ..............................

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DECISION: APPROVED/NOT APPROVED (if extension applied for is not approved please state reasons why)

DATE: NAME: ..

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POSTGRADUATE TAUGHT MASTERS APPLICATION FOR EXTENSION TO THE SUBMISSION DEADLINE / PERIOD OF CANDIDATURE WORKPLAN

MONTH / Year
(for example) JUNE ..

Breakdown by month of work to be completed for shorter extensions this may be done weekly

..

..

..

..

...

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POSTGRADUATE TAUGHT MASTERS APPLICATION FOR EXTENSION TO THE SUBMISSION DEADLINE / PERIOD OF CANDIDATURE

STATEMENT OF SUPPORT FROM THE SCHOOL

To: From:

Special Cases Committee

I would like to support the request for <Student Name> (<Student Number>) to be granted an extension for his/her dissertation. <include details of progress so far, including reasons why the student cannot submit on time, that support is given by the School and comment on the feasibility of the agreed work-plan>

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NOTES

1.

Extension to Submission Deadline

The deadline for submission of the dissertation for all students who entered the University in September 2010 and after is: Full Time Part-time 30 September 30 September (12 months from scheme start, or 30 November for resit students) (12 months from the commencement of Part Two)

Students who fail to submit by the above dates will fail the dissertation module and a mark of 0% recorded unless the request for an extension to the deadline is approved. The Special Cases Committee will consider all requests for extensions to the submission deadline. The deadline for submitting extension requests are as follows: 11 September 16 November Deadline for Part 2 Students (non resit students) Deadline for Part 2 Students (students who had resits)

For grounds for an extension, please see 3 below.

2.

Extension to Candidature

The expectation is that the overwhelming majority of candidates will submit their thesis or dissertation within the time limit laid down by regulation i.e. 15 October of the relevant session. A candidates time limit / candidature may be extended by Swansea University only in exceptional cases. The regulations governing minimum / maximum period of candidature are Minimum 12 months 24 months 36 months Maximum 24 months 36 months 60 months

One Year Two Year Part-time Study

Full Time Full Time Modular

For ground for an extension, please see 3 below.

3.

Grounds for an Extension

Extensions may be granted on compassionate grounds, in cases of illness, serious domestic difficulties, or inordinate professional commitments that can be demonstrated to have adversely affected the work and progress of a candidate. Extension Request on 3.1 Compassionate grounds A request on these grounds must include the following: 37

a clear statement from the school concerned showing it has evaluated the students situation and considers an extension appropriate. Where possible this should follow from direct contact between the student and supervisor clear and satisfactory evidence to support the case an agreed workplan.

3.2

Exceptional professional commitments (normally part-time students) Candidates are reminded of the regulations governing the academic year for Postgraduate students, namely that the structure of the academic year runs from September to September. It therefore follows that candidates who base their appeal on exceptional professional commitments prior to the end of the postgraduate academic year, will be dismissed. a clear statement from the school concerned showing it has evaluated the students situation and considers an extension appropriate. Where possible this should follow from direct contact between the student and supervisor clear and satisfactory evidence to support the case written confirmation and description by the employer of the exceptional workload borne by the candidate an agreed workplan.

3.3

Illness a clear statement from the school concerned showing it has evaluated the students situation and considers an extension appropriate. Where possible this should follow from direct contact between the student and supervisor satisfactory medical evidence an agreed workplan.

Applications without the appropriate evidence and workplan will not be considered, and retrospective applications or requests for second extensions will not normally be accepted. Applications for suspension/extensions must be routed via the candidates supervisor and Head of Department/School to the Taught Masters Office, Academic Registry.

Decision Timescale On receipt of an application, the case will be submitted for discussion to the Special Cases Committee. Following the meeting, the Academic Registry will inform the School who will in turn inform the student. 38

APPENDIX E Electronic Submission

39

Notes for Submission of MSc Dissertation to Blackboard via Turnitin UK

Access the Blackboard site for the module SBEMSC and click on Assignments. Click View/Complete for SBEMSC School of Business & Economics MSc Programme. Complete the fields and upload the Dissertation as follows: o o o o o o Click field upload Click on your name from the drop-down menu Type in your first name, surname and submission title Click on browse to find your file Finally, click submit Submit ONE file only.

Do not forget to submit the two hard copies to the Schools PG Office.

PLEASE NOTE: Please ensure it says SUBMIT TURNITINUK ASSIGNMENT when you click on Assignments.

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APPENDIX F Referencing Guide

41

School of Business and Economics Swansea University

Referencing Guide For Taught Postgraduate Students

42

Introduction to referencing Several different methods of referencing are in common use within Universities. It is essential that you adopt one method - as approved by your School - and use it consistently throughout your work. The School of Business and Economics at Swansea University uses the Harvard APA style. Referencing is important in all academic work as it indicates to the reader the sources of your quotations and borrowed ideas. Failure to indicate your sources is tantamount to plagiarism. The purpose of the referencing system is to describe your sources in an accurate and consistent manner and to indicate within the text of your paper, report or dissertation where particular sources were used. This is essential for three reasons: (a) it demonstrates a disciplined approach to your work (academic rigor); (b) it means you will not be accused of plagiarism because you have acknowledged your sources; (c) anyone who reads your work at a later date will be able to follow up on citations which interest them. All sources, whether academic texts, journal articles, newspaper articles, material from the Internet etc., must be cited in the text. There are two kind of textual citation - firstly, a direct quotation, where you use the author's own words in your text. As a guideline, if you are quoting directly, do not quote more than two or three sentences. Over reliance upon the use of direct quotations is unacceptable. The format for a direct quotation is as follows: Obtaining funding for a research project entails drawing up a detailed research proposal which is then closely examined either by colleagues in the same or another university or by members of a funding body. (O'Connell & Davidson 1994, p.34) or O'Connell & Davidson (1994, p.34) states that: Obtaining funding for a research project entails drawing up a detailed research proposal which is then closely examined either by colleagues in the same or another university or by members of a funding body. So the necessary components are author, date of publication (that is, year) of text and page number. Sometimes you might want to use a quotation which is not taken from the original source - i.e., that you have found a citation in someone else's work. Here the format is as follows: All are concerned, in some sense or another, with problems of languages and meaning in relation to the 'interpretative understanding of human action. (Giddens cited in O'Connell & Davidson 1994, p.30). or As Giddens (cited in O'Connell & Davidson, 1994, p.30) argues All are concerned, in some sense or another, with problems of language and meaning in relation to the 'interpretative understanding of human action. Here the format is author - cited in - author of text that you have found the citation in date of publication of this text - page number in this text. 43

You can use dots, to show that you have not lifted the entire sentence from the source that you consulted. NB three dots are sufficient. Also you can use square brackets if you want to slightly alter the quotation from the way it is in the source text - for example: [Elements of discourse create] problems of language and meaning in relation to the... The brackets indicate that you have inserted you own words in place of the original author's words. Also note that longer quotations (i.e., more than two lines) should be separated out from the rest of the text. You can either use single space long quotations (in a double spaced text) or indent them, or both, to make them stand out. If you wish to add emphasis to a quote, you may, but make sure that you indicate that you have added this emphasis - for example: It assumes that any social phenomena are continually changing .... (EasterbySmith 1997, p 33 - emphasis added) Always remember to use speech marks or some other form of notation to make it clear that certain sections of your dissertation are direct quotes. [sic] can be used after a particular word in a quote to mean 'so written', i.e., that this is the way that the author worded the original. This is often useful when quoting an author who used sexist languages - e.g., 'he' or 'his' when speaking about managers - to make it clear that these are their words and not yours. You should also use the author / date of publication / page number format when citing the source of any diagrams or tables which you have reproduced from other people's texts. The second kind of textual citation comes into play when you want to indicate that an idea or a concept has come from another source without using that source's own words. You can do this either by using a direct reference, as follows: According to Easterby-Smith (1997) social phenomena change constantly. or an indirect reference: Social phenomena are in a constant state of change. (Easterby-Smith, 1997) If more than one person has come up with this idea, you can string citations together, as follows: Many writers have suggested that social phenomena are constantly changing. (Easterby-Smith, 1997; Giddens, 1997 and May, 1998) This should be done either in date of publication order (as above) or in alphabetical order of author. Make sure you stick to one format and use it throughout. Sometimes you might want to make reference to material which is not taken from the original source - i.e., that you have found someone else's work. Here the format is as follows: 44

As Mullins (1999) has pointed out, McGregor's argument is based on several assumptions about the nature of management. Also note that, if the ideas that you are using only appear once in the text, or only in a small section of the text, that it is a good idea to include the number of the page/s on which they appear, even though you are not lifting the original words - so the citation (Mullins, 1999) might become (Mullins, 1999, p 275). ibid., meaning 'in the same place', can also be used to stand in for a citation where the citation is exactly the same as the one immediately preceding it. So (ibid.) used after a quotation would mean 'the same as the last citation', page number and all. Do not use ibid. under any other circumstances: it is only appropriate when you are quoting or using ideas from the same place in a text several times without citations from other sources intervening. Also do not use ibid. to refer to a citation on the previous page. It should be italicized and abbreviated. et al., meaning 'and others', should be used in in-text citations where there are more than two authors, and should be italicized and abbreviated - so, for example, (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 1997) would become (Saunders et al., 1997). However, the authors should be listed in full in the bibliography. If there is no obvious author for a piece that you are using, for example, an editorial in a newspaper, use the name of the publication in which the piece appears as the author - e.g., (The Guardian, 1999). This also applies to the bibliography. The reference list at the end of the report, paper or dissertation should be arranged alphabetically by the authors surname. The Harvard format requires book and journal titles etc. to be underlined or italicised. The latter has been adopted in this guide. Book reference Gardner, H. (1973). The arts and human development. New York: Wiley. Strunk, W., & White, E.B. (1979). The elements of style (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan. Institute for Financial Studies. (1995). Analysis of conservative budget strategy in the 1990s. London: Author. Anon. (1976). Encyclopaedia of psychology. London: Routledge. Moore, M.H., Estrich, S., McGillis, D., & Spelman, W. (1984). Dangerous offenders: the elusive target of justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Note: List up to 6 authors. The 7th and subsequent authors are abbreviated to et al. Edited Book Maher, B. A. (Ed.). (1964-1972). Progress in experimental personality research, (6 vols.). New York: Academic Press. Article in Edited Book (Chapter) Vygotsky, L. S. (1991). Genesis of the Higher Mental Functions. in: P. Light, S. Sheldon & M. Woodhead, (Eds.), Learning to think (pp. 32-41). London: Routledge. 45

Government Publication Great Britain. Home Office. (1994). Prisons policy for England and Wales. London: HMSO. Great Britain. Command Papers. (1991). Health of the nation. (Cm 1523). London: HMSO. Report Birney, A.J. & Hall, M.M. (1981). Early identification of children with written language difficulties. (Report No. 81-502). Washington, D.C.: National Educational Association. Conference Paper in Published Proceedings Borgman, C.L., Bower, J., & Krieger, D. (1989). From hands-on science to handsoninformation retrieval. In J. Katzer, & G.B. Newby, (Eds.), Proceedings of the 52nd ASIS annual meeting: Vol. 26. Managing information and technology (pp. 96-100). Medford, NJ: Learned Information. Journal Article Popper, S. E. & McCloskey, K. (1993) Individual differences and subgroups within populations: the shopping bag approach. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 64(l), 74-77. Noguchi, T., Kittawaki, J., Tamura, T., Kim, T., Kanno, H., Yamamoto, T., & Okada, H. (1993). Relationship between aromatase activity and steroid receptor levels in ovarian tumors from postmenopausal women. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 44(4-6), 657-660. Two or more works. by the same author(s) with the same publication date: where an author (or particular group of authors) has more than one work in a particular year list them in title order and follow the date with a lower case letter a, b, c, . . . For example: Harding, S. (1986a). The instability of the analytical categories of feminist theory. Signs, 11(4), 645-64. Harding, S. (1986b). The science question in feminism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. When referred to in the text these letters following year of publication are also used. Newspaper Article Young, H. (1996, July 25). Battle of snakes and ladders. The Guardian, p. 15. Anon. (1991, July 13). Caffeine linked to mental illness. New York Times, pp. B13, B15.

46

Individual Works Anonymous. (1992). How your gestures reveal inner thoughts. Oxford English Dictionary, p. 209. Retrieved September 10, 2004, from Oxford University Press on CD-ROM. If a work is signed Anonymous your reference must begin with the word Anonymous, followed by date etc. as normal. If no author is shown, put the title in the normal author position. Pritzker, T.J. (n.d.). An early fragment from central Nepal. Retrieved September 12, 2004, from: http://www.ingress.com/~astanart/pritzker.html If no date is shown on the document, use n.d. Note: These references contain important elements common in citations of electronic sources: author, initials, (year), Title, Retrieved month, day, year, from Internet address. The Medium (CD-ROM, Online, etc.) The expression Retrieved from is used to refer to the publisher and the Internet address (URL). Retrieved August 29, 2003 refers to the date that the resource was accessed. This is used because Internet sources are liable to frequent change. Parts of Online Works Daniel, R.T. (1995) The history of Western music. Britannica online: Macropaedia. Retrieved August 29, 2004, from: http://www.eb.co.uk/ Online Journal Article Korb, K.B. (1995). Persons and things: book review on Bringsjord on robotconsciousness. [Electronic version]. Psycholoquy 6(15). Retrieved August 29, 2004, from gopher://wachau.ai.univie.ac.at:70/00/archives/Psycholoquy/95.V6/0162 Note: for articles in Internet-only journals page numbers are not given, and where possible the URL you give should link directly to the article itself. Smith, L. (1996) Keynesian economic policy in France. [Electronic version]. Journal of Economic Analysis, 35(2). 19-27. Retrieved July 24 2004, from: European Business ASAP, Information Access Company Web site: http://www.searchbank.com/eurobus/ Sydora, B.C. (1996). Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes respond to systemic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. [Electronic version], Cellular Immunology, 167(2), 161-169. Retrieved August 21, 2004, from IDEAL, Academic Press Web site: http://www.janet.idealibrary.com

47

Where referencing an online article where the format differs from the printed version or which includes additional data or commentaries, you should add the date you retrieved the document and the Web address (URL). Newspaper Article (online and on CD-ROM) Young, H. (1996). Battle of snakes and ladders. The Guardian, p. 15. Retrieved September 10, 2004, from The Guardian on Chadwyck Healey CD-ROM database. Howard, P. (1996). The case of the red-handed leak. The Times. [Electronic version]. Retrieved August 13, 2004, from: http://www.the-times.co.uk Bloxwich, K. (1994). Dividing the spoils. Financial Times, pp. 18-19. Retrieved September 22, 2004, from The McCarthy Database on Chadwyck Healey CD-ROM database. Use pp. for page ranges only for encyclopaedia entries, multi-page newspaper articles and chapters or articles in edited books. For articles in journals or magazines use the numbers alone (not pp. before the numbers). Online Discussion List Message BLAXTBRM., (1995, October 13). Parasite nucleotide sequences. Parasite-Genome. Retrieved August 27, 2003, from: http://www.mailbase.ac.uk/lists/parasite-genome Note: the author name is given as it appeared in the e-mail message. Personal E-mail Communication Davis, W. (bill.davis@port.ac.uk), (1995, 23 December). Thoughts on disarmament conference. E-mail to Robert Jones (jonesr@intpol.ox.ac.uk).

WWW site (whole site) American Psychological Association [No date]. PsychNET [Online]. Available from: http://www.apa.org [Accessed: 3 October 1996]. Document From an FTP Site Bixley, T. S. (1995) Sentient microfilaments: a tempest in a tubule. Retrieved September 14, 2003 from: ftp://blahblah.princeton.edu/pub/harnad/conscious-ness/1 1/bixley For this Referencing Guide extensive use has been made of the University of Portsmouth Library leaflet Bibliographic References Harvard Format APA Style. This leaflet is a summary of the APA style guidelines as contained in The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, (5th ed., 2001). In addition, the following references have been used: Bell, J. (1987). Doing your research project. Oxford: Open University Press. Gill, J. & Johnson, P. (1991). Research methods for managers. London: Paul Chapman. Jankowicz, A. (2000). Business research projects. (3rd ed.). London: Business Press Thomson Learning. 48

Jolliffe, F.R. (1986). Survey design and analysis. New York: Ellis Herwood. Some other references which may be of benefit are as follows: Axelrod, M.D. (1975). The Dynamics of the Group Interview, Advances in Consumer Research, 3, 437-441. Babbie, E. & Halley, F. (1994). Adventures in social research: data analysis using SPSS, California: Sage. Bagozzi, R.P. (1988). The rebirth of attitude research in marketing. Journal of the Market Research Society, 30(2), 132-142. Ballaine, W. and Rummel, F. (1963). Research methodology in business. London: Harper and Row. Barnett, V. (1991). Sample survey principles and methods. London: Edward Arnold. Bell, J. (1999). Doing your research project. (3rd ed.). Buckingham: Open University Press. Bellinger, D.N., Bernhardt, K.L. & Goldstucker, J.L. (1976). Qualitative marketing research. Chicago: American Marketing Association. Blaxter, L., Hughes, C. & Tight, M. (2001). How to research, (2nd ed.). Buckingham: Open University. Bloom, P. N., Milne, G.R. & Adler, R. (1994). Avoiding misuse of new information technologies: legal and societal considerations. Journal of Marketing Research, 58, January, 98-110. Calder, B.J. (1977). Focus groups and the nature of qualitative marketing research. Journal of Marketing Research, 14 (August), 353-364. Catterall, M. & Maclaran, P. (1998). Using computer software for the analysis of qualitative market research data. Journal of the Market Research Society, 40(3), 207-221. Chisnall, P.M. (1997). Marketing research, (5th ed.), Berkshire: McGraw-Hill. Churchill, G.A. (1991). Marketing research: methodological foundations. Orlando: Dryden Press. Crabtree, B.F. & Miller, W. (1993). Doing qualitative research. Newbury Park: Sage. Cryer, P. (1996). The research students guide to success. Buckingham: Open University Press. Denscombe, M. (1998). The good research guide. Buckingham: Open University Press. Diamentopoulos, A. & Schlegelmilch, B.B. (1997). Taking the fear out of data analysis, London: The Dryden Press. Edwards, A. & Talbot, R. (1994). The hard-pressed researcher: a research handbook for the caring professions. New York: Longman. Frey, J. H. & Fontana, A. (1991). The group interview in social research. Social Science Journal, 28(2), 175-187. Ghauri, P. & Gronhaug, K. (2002). Research methods in business studies. A practical guide. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Girden, E.R. (1996). Evaluating research articles. Thousand Oaks: Sage. 49

Greenbaum, T.L. (1998). The practical handbook and guide to focus group research, (2nd ed.). Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. Kinnear, T. & Taylor, J. (1996). Marketing research. an applied approach, (5th ed.). London: McGraw Hill. Malhotra, N.K. (1996). Marketing research: an applied orientation. (2nd ed.). London: Prentice Hall. Marshall, C. & Rossman, G.B. (1995). Designing qualitative research. London: Sage. Mason, J. (1996). Qualitative researching. London: Sage Publications. McQuarrie, E.F. (1996). The market research toolbox: a concise guide for beginners. London: Sage. Morgan, D.L. (1997). Focus groups as qualitative research. California: Sage. Orna, E. & Stevens, G. (1995). Managing information for research. Buckingham: Open University Press. Proctor, T. (1997). Essentials of marketing research. London: Pitman. Ragin, C. (1994). Constructing social research. California: Sage. Robson, C. (1993). Real world research: a resource for social scientists and practitioner-researchers. Oxford: Blackwell. Saunders, M. Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. (2003). Research methods for business students, (3rd ed.), Harlow: FT Prentice Hall. Silverman, D. (2000). Doing qualitative research: a practical handbook. London: Sage.

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