Physics General Formula

7. Speed and Acceleration (uniformly accelerated motion only) NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 NAME Average velocity Velocity Velocity Displacement Displacement Acceleration FORMULA Vav = (u+v)/2 v = u + at v2 = u2 + 2as s = ut + (1/2)at2 s = [ (u + v) /2]t a = (v-u)/t S.I. UNITS m s-1 m s-1 m s-1 m m m s-2

Vav - Average velocity v - Final Velocity u - Initial Velocity t - Time taken s - Displacement a - Acceleration (For any type of motion, s = Area under v-t graph and a = gradient of v-t graph) 8. Forces NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 NAME Force Work Done Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Power Efficiency Energy change (or Work done) Moment of force Gravitational force FORMULA F = ma W = Fs K.E. = (1/2) mv2 P.E. = mgh P = W/t = Fs/t Ef = (O.P/I.P) x100% W = Pt Moment = Fd W = mg S.I. UNITS N(newton) J(joule) J J W(watt) J Nm N

F - Force m - Mass W - Work Done or Gravitational force E - Energy P - Power h - Height g - Acceleration Due To Gravity - a change Ef - Efficiency O.P. - Output Power I.P. - Input Power d - perpendicular distance 9. Pressure NO. 1 2 NAME Pressure Fluid Pressure (difference) FORMULA p = F/A
p = hg

S.I. UNITS N m-2 or Pa N m-2 or Pa

A - Surface Area H - Height - Density p - Difference in pressure Note: Other units of pressure include mm Hg , cm Hg or millibar. Hg Mercury 10. Wave NO. 1 2 3 NAME Speed Of Waves* Period Frequency FORMULA v = f T = 1/f f = 1/T S.I. UNITS m s-1 s Hz(hertz) or s-1

Waves* - Applies to all electromagnetic, sound , water or any other mechanical wave f - Frequency - Wavelength T - Period

5. Thermal Physics NO. 1 2 3 4 NAME

Heat Capacity Specific Heat Capacity Specific Latent Heat Of Fusion Specific Latent Heat Of Vaporization FORMULA C = H/ c = H/(m) lfus= H/m lvap= H/m

S.I. UNITS J K-1 J kg-1 K-1 J kg-1 J kg-1

H - Thermal Energy Supplied (Distinguish the role of H in each of the above cases) C - Heat Capacity - Change in temperature c - Specific Heat of Capacity lfus - Latent Heat of Fusion lvap - Latent Heat of Vaporization 6. Light NO. 1 2 3 NAME Refractive Index Critical Angle Relation of u, v and f FORMULA n = Sin i/Sin r = c1/c2 Sin c = 1/n 1/u + 1/v = 1/f S.I. UNITS

n - Refractive Index i - Angle of Incidence (air) r - Angle of Refraction (medium) c1 - speed of light in vacuo (3.0 x 108 m/s) c2 - speed of light in medium c - Critical Angle u - Object Distance v - Image Distance f - Focal Length 11. Electricity NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 NAME Charge Current Kirchhoffs Current Law Potential difference Resistance Resistance Series resistors Parallel resistors Series Circuit Parallel Circuit (R1 //R2 //) Electrical power Electrical energy Electrical energy (kW h) Transformer Equation FORMULA q = ne (or Q = ne) I = q/t Iin = Iout V = W/q R L/A R = V/I Re = R1 + R2 + 1/Re = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + E = Vcell = V1 + V2 + V1 = V2 = P = VI = I2R = V2/R W = Pt = VIt = I2Rt = (V2/R)t W (kW h) = P(kW) x t(h) Vs/ Vp = Ns/Np (=Ip/Is if ideal) S.I. UNITS C (coulombs) A (Ampere) V (volt) (ohm) V V W (watt) J kW h

q - Quantity of charge e - elementary charge (=1.6x10-19 C) V - P.d. between 2 points W - Work done or Electrical energy expended Iin , Iout = Sum of Current into or out of a junction R - Resistance L - Length of conductor A - Cross-sectional area E - e.m.f. Re - Effective resistance Vcell - P.d. across cell kW h - kilowatt-hour Vs, Vp - Voltage across secondary or primary coil Ip, Is - Current in primary or secondary coil Ns, Np = No. of turns in Secondary or primary coils